Recovery from anthropogenic acidification in streams and lakes is well documented across the northern hemisphere. In this study, we use 1996–2009 data from the four Swedish Integrated Monitoring catchments to evaluate how the declining sulfur deposition has affected sulfate, pH, acid neutralizing capacity, ionic strength, aluminum, and dissolved organic carbon in soil water, groundwater and runoff. Differences in recovery rates between catchments, between recharge and discharge areas and between soil water and groundwater are assessed. At the IM sites, atmospheric deposition is the main human impact. The chemical trends were weakly correlated to the sulfur deposition decline. Other factors, such as marine influence and catchment features, seem to be as important. Except for pH and DOC, soil water and groundwater showed similar trends. Discharge areas acted as buffers, dampening the trends in streamwater. Further monitoring and modeling of these hydraulically active sites should be encouraged.
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1 December 2011
Recovery of Soil Water, Groundwater, and Streamwater from Acidification at the Swedish Integrated Monitoring Catchments
Stefan Löfgren,
Mats Aastrup,
Lage Bringmark,
Hans Hultberg,
Lotta Lewin-Pihlblad,
Lars Lundin,
Gunilla Pihl Karlsson,
Bo Thunholm
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groundwater
Hydrological compartments
Recovery from acidification
soil water
Streamwater
Sulfur deposition