Lectotype

AMNH 573644, male, collected on south Flores, above 3500 ft, Indonesia, in November 1896, by collectors for Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert did not designate a type or indicate the number of specimens collected; however, the above specimen is marked “Type of species”. Hartert (1897d: 513–528), in his paper on Everett's entire Flores collection, did not add additional information. Later, Hartert (1922: 365), in his list of types in the Rothschild Collection, designated a male collected in November 1896 as the lectotype. AMNH 573644 is the only male collected in November that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, and it bears the Rothschild type label.

There are six paralectotypes in AMNH: AMNH 573645 and 573646, males, both collected in October; AMNH 573647–573649, females, collected in October and November; and AMNH 216455, male, collected in November and marked as “Cotype” (used in the sense of paratype), exchanged to AMNH 10 September 1927 by Rothschild. Presumably, Rothschild would not have exchanged a specimen that he considered the type. Two additional specimens from Everett's collection, AMNH 295038, male, and 295039, female, were purchased from W.F.H. Rosenberg by Dr. Leonard C. Sanford in 1931 and donated to the department. They do not bear Rothschild collection labels and I do not consider them paralectotypes.

On the back of Everett's label of the lectotype is “Repok 3500” in what appears to be Everett's hand. This is Gunung Repok, 08.45S, 120.21E (BirdLife International, 2001: 2603), and “3500” represents the altitude in feet.

Orthnocichla subulata advena Hartert

Orthnocichla subulata advena Hartert, 1906a: 298 (Tepa, Babber).

Now Urosphena subulata advena (189190Hartert, 1906). See King, 1989, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 588.

Holotype

AMNH 573637, adult male, collected at Tepa, 07.52S, 129.35E (Times Atlas), Babar Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, on 6 September 1905, by Heinrich Kühn (no. 6858). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert designated as type ( =  holotype) male number 6858. He had two specimens; the paratype is AMNH 573638, collected on 7 September 1905 by Kühn (no. 6871).

Orthnocichla whiteheadi Sharpe

Orthnocichla whiteheadi Sharpe, 1888c: 478 (Kina Balu).

Now Urosphena whiteheadi (566567Sharpe, 1888). See King, 1989, and Smythies, 2000: 520.

Lectotype

AMNH 573639, adult male, collected on Mount Kinabalu, 4000 ft, 06.03N, 116.32E (Times Atlas), Sabah, Malaysia, on 14 March 1888, by John Whitehead (no. 2207). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Sharpe described only the male and said that Whitehead had returned with all of his collection. He did not designate a type or indicate how many specimens he had. Later, Sharpe and Whitehead (1889: 410, pl. 12) listed a male collected on 14 February 1888 and a male and a female collected in March 1888. Rothschild purchased a large portion of Whitehead's Kinabalu collection, and all three of these specimens came to AMNH. Hartert (1922: 366) listed Whitehead specimen number 2207 as the type, thereby designating it the lectotype; AMNH 573640 (Whitehead no. 1991), male, and AMNH 573641 (2359), female, are paralectotypes.

Horeites pallidipes osmastoni Hartert

Horeites pallidipes osmastoni Hartert, 1908b: 107 (Port Blair, Andaman Islands).

Now Cettia pallidipes osmastoni (197198Hartert, 1908). See King, 1989, and Rasmusson and Anderton, 2005: 480.

Holotype

AMNH 596750, adult male, collected at Port Blair, 11.40N, 92.44E (Times Atlas), Andaman Islands, India, on 11 December 1906, by B.B. Osmaston. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Although Hartert did not list his specimens, the holotype, listed as the type by Hartert (1920: 458), is the only Osmaston specimen of this form that came to AMNH and apparently the only one available to Hartert when he described the subspecies. In the original description, the collector's initials were given as “R.B.” The collector's label is printed with his name “B.B. Osmaston”, but due to a ink mark, this was interpreted as “R.B.” and was so printed on the Rothschild label. I thank Edward Dickinson for calling this error to my attention.

Horornis diphone iwootoensis Momiyama

Horornis diphone iwootoensis Momiyama, 1927: 146 (Motoyama, Sulphur Island, Volcano Islands).

Now Cettia diphone diphone (Kittlitz, 1831). See Committee for Check-List of Japanese Birds, 2000: 218, 307–308, and Morioka et al., 2005: 55.

Holotype

AMNH 785098, adult male, collected on Iwo Jima ( =  Sulphur Island), Iwo Islands ( =  Volcano Islands), 24.47N, 141.19E (Morioka et al., 2005: 150), Japan, on 20 December 1924, by T.T. Momiyama (no. 1297) and Senzo Awoki. From the Athenaei Ornithologici Momiyamici (no. 24.0457).

Comments

Approximately 1000 specimens from the Momiyama Collection were acquired by AMNH in 1963, including the holotype of H.d. iwootoensis, which lay unrecognized in the general collection until recently. Although Momiyama cited specimen number “1297” in the original description and noted that he had eight males and two females from Sulphur Island, he did not give the year of collection. At least one additional specimen in AMNH is a paratype: AMNH 785100, female, collected on 18 December 1924 (Momiyama nos. 1287 and 24.0452). Two additional specimens were collected early enough and may also be paratypes: AMNH 785099, adult male, 28 November 1925 (1985, 25.0510); and AMNH 785101, adult female, 13 November 1925 (1979, 25.0509).

For date of publication of Cettia diphone diphone (Kittlitz), see Morioka et al. (2005: 36).

Vitia parens Mayr

Vitia parens Mayr, 1935: 4 (San Cristobal, Solomon Islands).

Now Cettia parens (Mayr, 1935). See Orenstein and Pratt, 1983, and Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 391.

Holotype

AMNH 228063, adult male, collected on Makira ( =  San Cristobal) Island, 1900 ft, Solomon Islands, on 11 December 1929, by W.F. Coultas, W.J. Eyerdam, and E. Mayr on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 38662).

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, but did not list his specimens. There are five paratypes in AMNH: AMNH 228061, 228062, 228064–228066, three males and two females collected on San Cristobal, 7–14 December 1929.

From 1 to 21 December, the expedition party was based at the village of Huno Galdaha, 15 mi inland from Kira Kira, 10.30S, 161.55E (Times Atlas), according to the unpublished journal of William Coultas (Vol. 5: 233–234, AMNH Department of Ornithology Archives).

Cettia haddeni LeCroy and Barker

Cettia haddeni LeCroy and Barker, 2006: 4 (between Kupei and Moreni villages, 1000 m, Crown Prince Range, Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea).

Now Cettia haddeni LeCroy and Barker, 2006. See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 592.

Holotype

AMNH 835234, adult male, collected between Kupei, ca. 06.15S, 155.27E, and Moreni villages, 1000 m, Crown Prince Range, Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, on 16 September 2000, by Don Hadden, prepared by Andrew Mack (no. 1380).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. There are two paratypes: AMNH 833347, adult sex ?, collected in January 2000, prepared by Andrew Mack (no. 1218); and AMNH 836189, immature sex ?, collected 11 August 2001, prepared by Andrew Mack (no. 1571), both collected by Don Hadden in the Crown Prince Range, Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea.

Vitia ruficapilla castaneoptera Mayr

Vitia ruficapilla castaneoptera Mayr, 1935: 5 (Vanua Levu, Fiji).

Now Cettia ruficapilla castaneoptera (Mayr, 1935). See Orenstein and Pratt, 1983, and Watling, 2001: 148.

Holotype

AMNH 252011, adult male, collected on Vanua Levu Island, Fiji, on 3 February 1925, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 17008).

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, without indicating the number of specimens. Although only the male was described, females collected at the same time were also in Mayr's hand when the subspecies was described. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 224389, 251973–251984, 252010, and 252012–252015, collected on Vanua Levu in January and February 1925. AMNH 224389 was exchanged to ZMB in July 1936; AMNH 251974 and 251975 were exchanged to DMNH in 1972.

According to the unpublished journal of Rollo Beck (AMNH Department of Ornithology Archives), on 3 February 1925, the France was anchored in Savusavu Bay, 16.48S, 179.20E (Times Atlas).

Vitia ruficapilla funebris Mayr

Vitia ruficapilla funebris Mayr, 1935: 5 (Tavium (sic), Fiji Islands).

Now Cettia ruficapilla funebris (Mayr, 1935). See Orenstein and Pratt, 1983, and Watling, 2001: 148.

Holotype

AMNH 251970, adult male, collected on Taveuni Island, Fiji, on 15 December 1924, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 16222).

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, without indicating the number of specimens. Only the male was described, but females collected at the same time were also in Mayr's hands. Paratypes are: AMNH 224390, 251965–251969, 251971, 251972, and 252016–252019. AMNH 252017 and 252018 were exchanged to DMNH in 1972.

On 15 December 1924, the France was anchored off Somosomo, 16.46S, 179.58W (USBGN, 1974c), according to the unpublished journal of Jose Correia (AMNH Department of Ornithology Archives).

Cettia everetti Hartert

Cettia everetti Hartert, 1898b: 113 (Atapupu, Timor).

Now Cettia vulcania everetti 160161162Hartert, 1898. See White and Bruce, 1986, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 593, and Olsson et al., 2006.

Lectotype

AMNH 596924, adult male, collected at Atapupu, 09.02S, 124.53E (Times Atlas), Timor Island, Indonesia, in July 1897, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert said that he had a “small series” from Atapupu, but he did not designate a type. Thus, all specimens in the original series were syntypes. Later, Hartert (1920: 458) listed a male collected in July 1897 as the type, thereby referring ambiguously to two specimens with the same data. AMNH 596924 is the specimen bearing the Rothschild type label and is so cataloged at AMNH. To remove any possible confusion with regard to the status of this specimen, I hereby designate AMNH 596924 as the lectotype of Cettia everetti. The other three specimens now at AMNH are paralectotypes: AMNH 596925, adult male, and AMNH 596926, immature female, collected in July 1897; and AMNH 596917, adult female, collected in August 1897.

[Cettia oreophila Sharpe]

Sharpe's (1888b: 387) description of this form from Kinabalu was published while Whitehead was still in the field. Because Sharpe listed only two Whitehead numbers (nos. 1937 and 1967) in his description, it is likely that this is one of the cases where Whitehead sent ahead to Sharpe two specimens of forms that he thought were new (Whitehead, 1893b: 185). Hartert (1920: 458) listed a cotype ( =  syntype) of Cettia oreophila as present in the Rothschild Collection and bearing Whitehead's number 2027; however, this specimen cannot be a syntype even though the label has “Cotype” written on it. It is now AMNH 596929 and it does not now bear a Rothschild type label. A second Whitehead specimen (AMNH 596928, Whitehead no. 2007) collected on Kinabalu also cannot be a syntype. Warren and Harrison (1971: 406) listed a male syntype and other syntypes in the collection of the BMNH without giving Whitehead's numbers. However, there can only be the two syntypes listed in the original description.

Horeites flavolivacea intricatus Hartert

Horeites flavolivacea intricatus Hartert, 1909: 533 (Tai-pai-schan, im mittlerer Höhe).

Now Cettia flavolivacea intricata (Hartert, 1909). See Watson et al., 1986a: 14, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 594, and Olsson et al., 2006.

Holotype

AMNH 596723, adult male, collected on Taibai Mountain ( =  Tai-pai-schan), 33.57N, 107.45E (BirdLife International, 2001: 2575), “half way up”, Shaanxi, China, on 1 October 1905, by collectors for Alan Owston. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert gave the number of the holotype as 11050, and this has been written on the back of the Owston label. It seems that this is a slight rearrangement of the date of collection (1-10-05), as the Rothschild Collection was never cataloged. The number “125” also appears on the Owston label, but this was not cited by Hartert. Hartert (1909: 534) had three additional examples collected in June and July. These paratypes are AMNH 596724, 596726, and 596728.

Horeites flavolivaceus weberi Mayr

Horeites flavolivaceus weberi Mayr (in Stanford and Mayr), 1941: 244 (Mt. Victoria, Chin Hills).

Now Cettia flavolivacea weberi (Mayr, 1941). See Robson, 2000: 432, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 594, and Olsson et al., 2006.

Holotype

AMNH 305849, adult female, collected on Mount Victoria, 2600 m, 21.12N, 93.55E (Times Atlas), southern Chin Hills, Myanmar, on 11 May 1938, by Gerd Heinrich (no. 3228).

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and gave measurements for two male and four female specimens, including the type, from Mt. Victoria. The paratypes are AMNH 306303 and 306304, males, and AMNH 306305–306307, females.

Stresemann and Heinrich (1939: 194), in their report on Heinrich's collection, listed this form under Neornis f. flavolivacea and reported a collection of nine males and 10 females. However, only that portion of Heinrich's collection purchased by AMNH was available to Mayr when he named this subspecies.

Horeites flavolivaceus oblitus Mayr

Horeites flavolivaceus oblitus Mayr (in Stanford and Mayr), 1941: 245 (Chapa, Tonkin).

Now Cettia flavolivacea oblita (Mayr, 1941). See Robson, 2000: 432, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 594, and Olsson et al., 2006.

Holotype

AMNH 291724, adult male, collected at Cha Pa ( =  Chapa), 22.20N, 103.50E (Times Atlas), North Vietnam, on 21 December 1929 by J. Delacour and P. Jabouille.

Comments

Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. This specimen was sexed on the field label as “?” but “[♂]” was added, presumably on the basis of measurements. In working up this collection, Mayr (in Stanford and Mayr, 1940: 686) borrowed many specimens from various collections. He gave measurements for six males and three females, but only the holotype is in AMNH.

Bradypterus brachypterus centralis Neumann

Bradypterus brachypterus centralis Neumann, 1908b: 55 (Between Mkingo and Muhera).

Now Bradypterus baboecala centralis 442443444445Neumann, 1908. See Urban et al., 1997: 61–65, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 599.

Holotype

AMNH 592194, adult female, collected on the riverbank between Mukingo ( =  Mkingo), 02.18S, 29.47E (Chapin, 1954: 707), and Muhera, Rwanda, on 6 August 1907, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 950). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Neumann said that the female type, bearing the above locality and date, was in the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 592194 is the only specimen of this form that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, even though measurements for more than one female were given; it bears the Rothschild type label and was so listed by Hartert (1920: 469).

Bradypterus graueri Neumann

Bradypterus graueri Neumann, 1908b: 56 (Western Kivu Volcanoes).

Now Bradypterus graueri 442443444445Neumann, 1908. See Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire, 1993: 356, and Urban et al., 1997: 61–62, 67–68.

Holotype

AMNH 592223, adult male, collected at edge of swamp at the base of the Western Kivu Volcanoes, 2200 m, Congo (Kinshasa), on 17 August 1907, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 991). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann described this form on the basis of a single specimen (Hartert, 1920: 469) in the Rothschild Collection.

Bradypterus carpalis Chapin

Bradypterus carpalis Chapin, 1916: 27 (Faradje, Upper Uele District, Belgian Congo).

Now Bradypterus carpalis Chapin, 1916. See Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire, 1993: 356, and Urban et al., 1997: 61–62, 65–66.

Holotype

AMNH 160863, adult male, collected at Faradje, 03.45N, 29.43E (Times Atlas), Congo (Kinshasa), on 21 February 1913, by James P. Chapin (no. 4531) on the Lang-Chapin Congo Expedition.

Comments

Chapin gave his unique field number for the holotype in the original description and noted that he had five specimens (including the type). Paratypes are: AMNH 160860, 160861, males from Faradje; AMNH 160862, male from Vankerckhovenville; and AMNH 160864, female from Faradje.

Bradypterus yokanae van Someren

Bradypterus yokanae van Someren, 1919: 22 (Sezibwa River, Uganda).

Now Bradypterus carpalis Chapin, 1916. See Chapin, 1953b: 435–437, and Urban et al., 1997: 65–66.

Holotype

AMNH 592222, adult male, collected on the Sezibwa River, 00.16N, 33.02E–01.22N, 32.45E (Polhill, 1988), Uganda, on 11 January 1919. From the V.G.L. van Someren Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren noted that his type, bearing the above data, was in the Rothschild Collection. It has a Rothschild type label, although it was not in any of Hartert's lists of types. There were five specimens in van Someren's type series, but the holotype is the only specimen that came to AMNH. There is one paratype in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 40).

Bradypterus alfredi Hartlaub

Bradypterus alfredi Hartlaub, 1890: 152 (“Njangalo”).

Now Bradypterus alfredi alfredi Hartlaub, 1890. See Urban et al., 1997: 69–70.

Holotype

AMNH 592224, adult female, collected at Nyangabo ( =  Njangabo, on label), 01.19N, 30.03E (Chapin, 1954: 714), Congo (Kinshasa), on 3 May 1889, by Emin Pasha (no. 212).

Comments

Hartlaub (1890: 152) apparently had only a single specimen (“Ich beschreibe ein schön ausgefärbtes Weibchen”); it is listed by Hartert (1920: 468) and bears a Rothschild type label.

Bradypterus altumi van Someren

Bradypterus altumi van Someren, 1919: 22 (Molo Forests).

Now Bradypterus lopezi mariae Madarász, 1905. See Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire, 1993: 356, and Urban et al., 1997: 70–73.

Holotype

AMNH 592179, adult male, collected in the Molo forests, Kenya, on 21 July 1917. From the V.G.L. van Someren Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren stated that the type with the above data was in the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 592179 is the only van Someren specimen of this form collected before 1920 that came to AMNH as part of the Rothschild Collection.

The species name, lopezi, was originally introduced as Phlexis lopezi by Alexander (1903a: 48) and changed to lopesi by Alexander (1903b: 375), who named the species for his collector, José Lopes. Watson et al. (1986a: 22) used the spelling lopesi, noting that the spelling had been “corrected to” lopesi by Alexander (1903b: 375). Sibley and Monroe (1990: 610) incorrectly considered the spelling lopezi a lapsus calami and used B. lopesi. Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993: 356) argued that the change in spelling from lopezi to lopesi was an unjustified emendation. Urban et al. (1997: 70–73) continued to use the spelling lopezi, as did del Hoyo et al. (2006: 600–601), who commented that “prevailing usage also appears to be heavily in favour of retaining ‘lopezi’ as the correct name”. I agree with this interpretation, contra Dickinson (2003: 580), who used lopesi, judging it to be in prevailing usage.

Molo is at 00.15S, 35.44E (Polhill, 1988). This name was not listed in any of Hartert's lists of Rothschild types.

Bradypterus cinnamomeus pallidior Neumann

Bradypterus cinnamomeus pallidior Neumann, 1914: 10 (Urwald westlich von Baraka).

Now Bradypterus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (Rüppell, 1840). See Chapin, 1953b: 437–438, and Urban et al., 1997: 73–75.

Holotype

AMNH 592272, adult female (not male), collected in the virgin forest northwest (as on field label) of Baraka, 1900 m, Congo (Kinshasa), on 1 December 1908, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 3819). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was said to be a male collected in “Urwald westlich von Baraka” by R. Grauer and in the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 592272 is the only specimen of this form that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection; it is clearly marked female on Grauer's field label. Hartert (1920: 469) corrected without comment what must have been a lapsus on Neumann's part, adding Grauer's field number. Also present is a Rothschild type label.

Baraka is at 04.09S, 29.05E (Times Atlas).

Lusciniola seebohmi Ogilvie-Grant

Lusciniola seebohmi Ogilvie-Grant, 1895b: 40 (Lepanto, northern Luzon).

Now Bradypterus seebohmi (453454455Ogilvie-Grant, 1895). See Dickinson et al., 2000: 36–38.

Holotype

AMNH 592174, adult female, at Bagnen ( =  Bagnin, on label), 17.31N, 120.23E (E. Dickinson, personal commun.), 6000 ft, Lepanto, Mountain Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, on 28 December 1894, by John Whitehead (no. 931). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Whitehead (1899: 211) noted that he obtained only one specimen. The locality Bagnin is written on Whitehead's label and shown on the map in Whitehead (1899: 83). Between 3 November 1894 and 14 January 1895, Whitehead had stayed for some weeks at Bucay on the Abra River. Then, ill with dysentery, he ascended to an Igorroti village, where he was based for several weeks (Whitehead, 1899: 84). The specimen remains unique (Dickinson et al., 2000: 37).

Stasiasticus montis Hartert

Stasiasticus montis Hartert, 1896d: 540 (Mount Arjuno, east Java).

Now Bradypterus montis (149150151152153154Hartert, 1896). See Hartert, 1920: 469, and Dickinson et al., 2000: 39–40.

Lectotype

AMNH 592175, adult male, collected on Gunung Arjuna ( =  Mount Arjuno), 9000–10,000 ft, 07.45S, 112.34E (USBGN, 1982a), eastern Java, Indonesia, in January 1896, by William Doherty. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description, only noting that he had two male specimens with the same data. In his type list, Hartert (1920: 469) did not distinguish between the two specimens. AMNH 592175 bears the Rothschild type label, and it was so cataloged at AMNH. To validate Hartert's intent and to avoid confusion in interpreting the older literature, I hereby designate AMNH 592175 the lectotype of Stasiasticus montis. AMNH 592176 with the same label data becomes the paralectotype.

The genus Stasiasticus was described in the same paper (Hartert, 1896d: 539) and the label of the lectotype is noted “Type of gen. & spec.”.

Bradypterus montis timorensis Mayr

Bradypterus montis timorensis Mayr, 1944a: 158 (Mt. Mutis (1800 meters), Timor).

Now Bradypterus timorensis 383Mayr, 1944. See Dickinson et al., 2000: 41–42.

Holotype

AMNH 308007, adult male, collected on Mount Mutis, 1800 m, 04.35S, 124.15E (Times Atlas), Timor Island, Indonesia, on 1 March 1932, by Georg Stein (no. 3175). From the Georg Stein Expedition.

Comments

In the original description, Mayr gave the AMNH number of the holotype and noted (Mayr, 1944a: 136) that two specimens (male and female) of the new subspecies were collected. The paratype is AMNH 345901, female, collected on Mt. Mutis on 1 March 1932, by G. Stein (no. 3176).

This expedition by Georg Stein and his wife, Clara, was sponsored jointly by AMNH and ZMB, supported by J. Sterling Rockefeller. In this case, both specimens were retained at AMNH. Stein did not write an account of this expedition as his home and all of his notebooks were destroyed during World War II (Stresemann, 1967: 186–187).

Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus Ogilvie-Grant

Pseudotharrhaleus caudatus Ogilvie-Grant, 1895b: 40 (mountains of Lepanto in Northern Luzon).

Now Bradypterus caudatus caudatus (453454455Ogilvie-Grant, 1895). See Dickinson et al., 1991: 341, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 608.

Syntypes

AMNH 598245, adult female, collected on Mount Data, 7500 ft, 16.51N, 120.52E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 418), Mountain Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, on 25 January 1895, by John Whitehead (no. A48); and AMNH 598246, adult male, collected at 8000 ft in Lepanto, Mountain Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, on 27 January 1895, by J. Whitehead (no. A62).

Comments

In the original description, Ogilvie-Grant did not designate a type or say how many specimens he had. Warren and Harrison (1971: 98) listed a male syntype in BMNH and referred to the female syntype in AMNH (fide Hartert, 1920: 484), stating in error that only two specimens were collected. Hartert (1920: 484) listed the specimen that is now AMNH 598245 as the “Type of ♀. –J.W.” This does not serve to designate a lectotype. Whitehead (1899: 222) said that “not more than three specimens were captured in the several months spent in the Luzon highlands”; the third specimen, AMNH 598246, is also a syntype, even though it had not been recognized as such previously. It has now been added to the AMNH type collection.

The genus Pseudotharrhaleus was described by Ogilvie-Grant (1895b: 40) at the same time, with P. caudatus as the type species.

Pseudotharraleus (sic) unicolor Hartert

Pseudotharraleus (sic) unicolor Hartert, 1904b: 74 (Mount Apo, South Mindanao).

Now Bradypterus caudatus unicolor (181182Hartert, 1904). See Dickinson et al., 1991: 341–342, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 608.

Holotype

AMNH 598247, female, collected on Mount Apo, 3000 ft, 06.59N, 125.16E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 415), Mindanao Island, Philippines, in November 1903, by Johannes ( =  John) Waterstradt (no. 114). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert had a single specimen for description. Dickinson et al. (1991: 342) noted that the specimen is a young bird and that Pseudotharrhaleus griseipectus Mearns, 1909 is a synonym. Dickinson (personal commun.) wrote me that W. Goodfellow was listed in error in Dickinson et al. (1991: 341) as the collector of this holotype.

Androphilus accentor Sharpe

Androphilus accentor Sharpe, 1888b: 390 (Kina Balu).

Now Bradypterus accentor (566567Sharpe, 1888). See Watson et al., 1986a: 30, and Smythies, 2000: 522.

Lectotype

AMNH 588291, adult male, collected on Mount Kinabalu, 8000 ft, 06.03N, 116.32E (Times Atlas), Sabah, Malaysia, on 3 February 1888, by John Whitehead (no. 1939). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Sharpe (1888b: 391) described both male (no. 1939) and female (no. 2087), giving Whitehead's number for each; thus they were syntypes. Both labels are marked “Type RBS[harpe]” and both bear Rothschild type labels. However, Hartert (1920: 485) listed only the male (no. 1939) as the type, thereby making it the lectotype. The female, AMNH 588290, collected on Kinabalu, 8000 ft, on 29 February 1888, by Whitehead (no. 2087) is accordingly the paralectotype. Because it bears a Rothschild type label, it has been retained in the type collection, with a label explaining its status. Two additional specimens collected on Kinabalu by Whitehead, AMNH 588292 and 588293, have no type status.

Androphilus everetti Hartert

Androphilus everetti Hartert, 1896a: 69 (Bonthain Peak, South Celebes).

Now Bradypterus castaneus castaneus (Büttikofer, 1893). See Watson et al., 1986a: 30, White and Bruce, 1986: 340, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 608–609.

Lectotype

AMNH 588294, adult female, collected at Indrulaman, in the foothills of Gunung Lompobattang ( =  peak near Bonthain), 05.22S, 119.58E (Times Atlas), southern Sulawesi Island ( =  Celebes), Indonesia, in October 1895, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description but mentioned that he had a “series of both sexes”, nor did he subsequently (Hartert, 1896b: 151) say how many specimens he had. Hartert (1920: 485) only later designated as lectotype a female from Indrulaman. Six specimens came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, but only AMNH 588294 was from Indrulaman. Paralectotypes are: AMNH 588295 and 588296, adult males, AMNH 588297, 588298, and 588299, adult females, all collected on “Bonthian Peak” between 5500 and 7000 ft in October 1895. Everett himself collected in the area around Indrulaman, at about 2300 ft in the foothills, and J.M. Dumas with native helpers collected at the higher altitudes around Tasoso and above (Hartert, 1896b: 149). Indrulaman is shown on the map in Stresemann (1940) as location 70, at ca. 05.30S, 120.05E.

See Drovetski et al. (2004) for recent mitochondrial studies indicating non-monophyly of Bradypterus.

Androphilus disturbans Hartert

Androphilus disturbans Hartert, 1900c: 238 (Mt. Mada, Buru).

Now Bradypterus castaneus disturbans (169170Hartert, 1900). See White and Bruce, 1986: 340, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 608–609.

Holotype

AMNH 588301, immature male, collected on Mount Mada, 3000 ft, ca. 03.15S, 126.10E, Buru Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, in September 1898, by J.M. Dumas. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert noted that Dumas had marked his single specimen “♀”; however, this is an error, as Dumas clearly marked his specimen “♂”. Alfred Everett, already suffering his fatal illness, had sent his assistant, Dumas, to Buru to make this collection. Hartert (1920: 485) decided on the basis of specimens later collected on Buru by Stresemann that disturbans was a subspecies of B. castaneus. See Drovetski et al. (2004) for recent mitochondrial studies indicating non-monophyly in Bradypterus.

Mt. Mada is shown on some maps as Mt. Madang.

Androphilus disturbans musculus Stresemann

Androphilus disturbans musculus Stresemann, 1914a: 136 (Gunung Panaia (Mittel-Seran)).

Now Bradypterus castaneus musculus (597Stresemann, 1914). See White and Bruce, 1986: 340, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 608–609.

Holotype

AMNH 588305, adult female, collected on Gunung Panaia, 7500 ft, Seram ( =  Seran) Island, 03.00S, 129.00E (White and Bruce, 1986: 491), Indonesia, on 18 August 1911, by Erwin Stresemann (no. 875). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Stresemann gave his unique field number for the holotype in the original description. His type series comprised four specimens. The three paratypes are: AMNH 588306 (Stresemann no. 713), immature male, Gunung Sofia, 4500 ft, 21 June 1911; AMNH 588307 (715), immature female, G. Sofia, 4000 ft, 22 June 1911; AMNH 588308, adult female, G. Hoale, 3000 ft, 8 July 1911. Recent mitochondrial studies by Drovetski et al. (2004) indicate non-monophyly of Bradypterus.

Bathmocercus vulpinus Reichenow

Bathmocercus vulpinus Reichenow, 1895: 160 (Aruwimi Flum. (Africa occidentalis)).

Now Bathmocercus rufus vulpinus Reichenow, 1895. See Urban et al., 1997: 82–83.

Holotype

AMNH 588911, unsexed, collected on the Aruwimi River, Congo (Kinshasa), by William Bonny on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was said to be in the Rothschild Collection. The description is of the male, and the above specimen is apparently the only one in male plumage collected by Bonny. It is marked “Type” and bears a Rothschild type label. The female was described as a separate species (see below).

Bonny was a member of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition led by H.M. Stanley. The Aruwimi River camp at Yambuya was occupied by part of the expedition, including Bonny, from 15 June 1887 to 14 February 1888 (see Jameson, 1890), and his specimens were probably collected during that time. Yambuya is at 01.17N, 24.34E (Times Atlas).

The genus Bathmocercus was also described in the same paper (Reichenow, 1895: 159).

Bathmocercus murinus Reichenow

Bathmocercus murinus Reichenow, 1895: 160 (Aruwimi Flum. (Africa occidentalis)).

Now Bathmocercus rufus vulpinus Reichenow, 1895. See Hartert, 1920: 483, and Urban et al., 1997: 82–83.

Holotype

AMNH 588912, unsexed, collected on the Aruwimi River, Congo (Kinshasa) by W. Bonny on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description the type was said to be in the Rothschild Collection. This specimen is in female plumage and matches the description; it is apparently the only such specimen collected by Bonny. It is marked “Type” and bears a Rothschild type label. See above for the description of the male and information on the collecting locality.

Megalurus timoriensis stresemanni Hartert

Megalurus timoriensis stresemanni Hartert, 1930b: 79 (Kofo (Anggi gidji)).

Now Megalurus macrurus stresemanni 229Hartert, 1930. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 597818, adult male, collected at Koffo ( =  Kofo), Lake Giji ( =  Anggi gidji), 01.23S, 133.53E (Times Atlas), Papua Province, Indonesia, on 12 June 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 1107). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mayr's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description. Six specimens were collected, presumably including the holotype. Mayr's expedition to Dutch New Guinea in 1928 was sponsored by Dr. Leonard C. Sanford for AMNH and by Lord Walter Rothschild. His collections, including the types, were divided between AMNH and the Rothschild Collection, with representative sets of specimens also going to MZB and ZMB. Specimens that were in the Rothschild Collection are now in AMNH. Of the five paratypes of this form, all of them from the type locality, one came directly to AMNH: AMNH 293904 (Mayr no. 1086), adult male; three came via the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 597819 (1113) and 597820 (1082), adult males, and AMNH 597822 (1100), adult female (but sex questioned by 229Hartert, 1930: 79), all collected on 11 and 12 June 1928. The remaining paratype is probably in ZMB.

Megalurus timoriensis mayri Hartert

Megalurus timoriensis mayri Hartert, 1930b: 79 (Ifaar).

Now Megalurus macrurus mayri 229Hartert, 1930. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 293901, adult male, collected at Ifaar, 02.34S, 140.31E (640USBGN, 1982), Lake Sentani, Papua Province, Indonesia, on 26 September 1928, by Ernst Mayr (no. 2625).

Comments

Mayr's unique field number of the holotype was given in the original description. See previous type entry for the deposition of Mayr's specimens. The holotype of M. t. mayri came directly to AMNH. Hartert listed nine males, seven females, and six immature males, presumably including the holotype. Of the 21 paratypes, 18 came to AMNH: AMNH 293895–293897, 293897bis, 293898–293900, 293902, 293903, directly via Sanford; and 597809–597817, via the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 293898 and 597810 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s. Three paratypes are unaccounted for and are possibly in ZMB or MZB.

Ifaar was the government station on Lake Sentani in former Dutch New Guinea.

Megalurus timoriensis montanus Mayr and Gilliard

Megalurus timoriensis montanus Mayr and Gilliard, 1951: 9 (summit grasslands of Mt. Hagen, Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea).

Now Megalurus macrurus montanus Mayr and Gilliard, 1951. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 348221, adult male, collected at the summit camp, Mount Hagen, 12,000 ft, 05.45S, 144.05E (Times Atlas), Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea ( =  Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea), on 20 July 1950, by William Lamont on the Gilliard Mount Hagen Expedition.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. The number of specimens collected was not given, either in the original description or in the later report on both the 1950 and 1952 expeditions (Mayr and Gilliard, 1954: 346); however, measurements were given for two males and two females (Mayr and Gilliard, 1951: 9), including the holotype. Additionally, there are two unsexed specimens from the summit grasslands. Paratypes are AMNH 705119–705123.

Dickinson (2003: 577) tentatively included montanus in M. macrurus alpinus, and this may be correct. M. m. alpinus has been identified in high altitude grasslands in southeastern Papua New Guinea and in the Snow Mountains of Papua Province, Indonesia, overlapping the range of montanus. However, the entire complex of taxa needs to be re-examined, especially the anomalous mid-mountain form from Telefomin (Gilliard and LeCroy, 1961: 48) that seems closest to the high-altitude alpinus.

Megalurus timoriensis wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard

Megalurus timoriensis wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1951: 9 (Tomba, south slope of Mt. Hagen, Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea).

Now Megalurus macrurus wahgiensis Mayr and Gilliard, 1951. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 348222, adult male, collected at Tomba, south slope of Mount Hagen, 05.45S, 144.05E (Times Atlas), Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea ( =  Central Highlands, Mandated Territory of New Guinea), on 27 July 1950, by E. Thomas Gilliard. From the Gilliard Mount Hagen Expedition.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description, but the number of specimens was not. Measurements were not given for the entire series nor were specimens listed in Mayr and Gilliard (1954: 346). Specimens in addition to the holotype collected in 1950 in the midmountain grasslands of the Hagen and Kubor ranges are paratypes: AMNH 705124–705147. AMNH 705133 was sent to the AM in 1953 and AMNH 705138 and 705139 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

Megalurus timoriensis alpinus Mayr and Rand

Megalurus timoriensis alpinus Mayr and Rand, 1935: 8 (Mt. Albert Edward, southwest slope, Altitude 3680 meters, Territory of Papua).

Now Megalurus macrurus alpinus Mayr and Rand, 1935. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 420136, adult male, collected on the southwest slope of Mount Albert Edward, 3680 m, 08.35S, 147.20E (Times Atlas), Wharton Range, Papua New Guinea, on 2 July 1933, by Richard Archbold and Austin L. Rand. From the 1933–1934 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 745).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. A total of six males and eight females was collected on Mt. Albert Edward and at Murray Pass. The 13 paratypes are: AMNH 420131–420135 and 420142–420149. AMNH 420146 was exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

The collecting localities of the 1933–1934 Archbold Expedition are described by Archbold and Rand (1935: 565–572), and the entire bird collection is reported on by Mayr and Rand (1937).

Megalurus timoriensis muscalis Rand

Megalurus timoriensis muscalis Rand, 1938: 4 (Lake Daviumbu, middle Fly; south New Guinea).

Now Megalurus timoriensis muscalis Rand, 1938. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 426547, adult male, collected on Lake Daviumbu, 07.33S, 141.15E (Times Atlas), middle Fly River, Papua New Guinea, on 9 September 1936, by Richard Archbold, Austin L. Rand, and George H.H. Tate. From the 1936–1937 Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (no. 5154).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. Nine males and three females were collected (Rand, 1942a: 329); only 10 of the 11 paratypes were cataloged at AMNH: AMNH 426543–426546 and 426548–426553, all from Lake Daviumbu. AMNH 426548 and 426552 were exchanged to FMNH in the 1960s.

Rand (1942a) published an account of the birds collected, and Rand and Brass (1940) published a summary of the 1936–1937 Archbold Expedition.

Megalurus alisteri Mathews

Megalurus alisteri Mathews, 1912a: 345 (Napier Broome Bay, North-West Australia).

Now Megalurus timoriensis alisteri 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 597870, adult male, collected at Pago Mission ( =  mission station, as on label), 14.10S, 126.42E (Times Atlas), Napier Broome Bay, Western Australia, Australia, on 30 October 1909, by G.F. Hill. From the Mathews Collection (no. 5742) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number in the original description. The holotype bears both a Mathews and a Rothschild type label; also present is a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that the specimen was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 445, opp. p. 384, text p. 385), where the illustrated bird is confirmed as the type of M. a. alisteri. In his catalog, Mathews listed two specimens from the same locality collected by Hill. AMNH 597871 (Mathews no. 5743), immature male collected on 13 May 1910, is a paratype. AMNH 597872, an immature male collected by Hill at Napier Broome Bay on 17 June 1910, is probably also a paratype although not found in Mathews' catalog.

Hill (1911) published information on his collecting localities and field notes. He was based for 10 months in 1909 and 1910 at the newly established mission station on Napier Broome Bay and collected between the bay and the Drysdale River. Hill gave the coordinates of the station as 14.06S, 126.40E, today known as Pago Mission.

Megalurus alisteri dulciei Mathews

Megalurus alisteri dulciei Mathews, 1912a: 345 (Cooktown, Queensland).

Now Megalurus timoriensis alisteri 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Watson et al., 1986a: 41, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 597854, unsexed, collected at Cooktown, 15.29S, 145.15E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia. From the Mathews Collection (no. 5895) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description; opposite number 5895 he listed a single specimen of this form, obtained from H.C. Robinson and cataloged in October or November 1910. The specimen bears a Mathews and a Rothschild type label. The number “555” that appears on the Mathews Collection label refers to the number of this form in Mathews (1908a: 74).

Megalurus alisteri melvillensis Mathews

Megalurus alisteri melvillensis Mathews, 1912e: 92 (Melville Island, Northern Territory).

Now Megalurus timoriensis alisteri 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Watson et al., 1986a: 41, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 597868, adult male, collected 10 mi east of Gordon Point, 11.31S, 130.27E (USBGN, 1957b), Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 6 June 1912, by J.P. Rogers (no. 3619). From the Mathews Collection (no. 13641) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description; only the single specimen was cataloged. The holotype bears in addition to the Mathews and Rothschild type labels the yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it was the model for Mathews (1922a: pl. 445, opp. p. 384, text p. 385), where the illustrated specimen is confirmed as the type of melvillensis.

Megalurus alisteri oweni Mathews

Megalurus alisteri oweni Mathews, 1912a: 345 (New South Wales).

Now Megalurus timoriensis alisteri 313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Watson et al., 1986a: 41, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 702.

Holotype

AMNH 597858, unsexed, collected in New South Wales, Australia, in December 1889. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2161) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description; it bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. Only the single specimen was cataloged. The number “555” that appears on the Mathews Collection label is the number given to this species in Mathews (1908a).

Mathews (1912a: 345) called attention to the fact that the name Megalurus galactotes Temminck had been erroneously applied to the Australian bird, referring instead to an African species. He supplied the name Megalurus alisteri oweni, a subspecies recognized by Watson et al. (1986a: 41).

Megalurus palustris andrewsi Bangs

Megalurus palustris andrewsi Bangs, 1921: 592 (Meng-ting, Burma border).

Now Megalurus palustris toklao (Blyth, 1843). See Watson et al., 1986a: 42, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 579.

Holotype

AMNH 143478, adult male, collected at Meng-ting, 1700 ft, 23.30N, 99.03E (Times Atlas), Yunnan Province, China, on 18 February 1917, by Roy Chapman Andrews and Edmund Heller on the Asiatic Zoological Expedition 1916–1917 (no. 491).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. One paratype was collected: AMNH 143477, adult male from Malipa, Myanmar, 14 March 1917. Andrews and Andrews (1918: 233–243) described their stay at Meng-ting.

Megalurus gramineus dubius Mathews

Megalurus gramineus dubius Mathews, 1912a: 344 (Mannam, South Australia).

Now Megalurus gramineus goulburni 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 703–704.

Holotype

AMNH 597911, adult male, collected near Mannum ( =  Mannam), 34.50S, 139.20E (Times Atlas), South Australia, Australia, on 22 October 1909 by Edwin Ashby. From the Mathews Collection (no. 6204) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype, which bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. The type locality is written “nr. Mannum” on Ashby's label. Another specimen from the Mathews Collection, AMNH 597912, was collected at Mannum on 12 December 1910 and may be a paratype, but I was unable to find it in Mathews' catalog and do not know when it came into his possession.

Watson et al. (1986a: 43) accepted only one subspecies in Australia, but Schodde and Mason (1999: 703–704) recognized three, with South Australian birds included in M. p. goulburni.

Megalurus gramineus goulburni Mathews

Megalurus gramineus goulburni Mathews, 1912a: 344 (Goulburn, New South Wales).

Now Megalurus gramineus goulburni 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 703–704.

Holotype

AMNH 597914, adult male, collected at Goulburn, 34.47S, 149.43E (Times Atlas), New South Wales, Australia, in May 1892. From the Mathews Collection (no. 7942) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number for the holotype in the original description; the specimen bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. The number that Mathews wrote on his type label (7952) is incorrect. AMNH 597915 (7943), a female from Goulburn collected in May 1892, is a paratype. These specimens were part of a collection obtained from T. Thorpe and cataloged in February 1911; they are the only two New South Wales specimens of M. gramineus that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection.

In addition to Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the holotype bears a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it was figured in Mathews (1922a: pl. 444, opp. p. 375, text p. 376), where it is confirmed as the type of goulburni.

Megalurus gramineus halmaturinus Mathews

Megalurus gramineus halmaturinus Mathews, 1912c: 43 (Kangaroo Island, South Australia).

Now Megalurus gramineus goulburni 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 703–704.

Holotype

AMNH 597898, adult male, collected on the spit off Kingscote, 35.40S, 137.39E (Times Atlas), Kangaroo Island, South Australia, Australia, on 10 December 1911, by S.A. White (no. 473). From the Mathews Collection (no. 10255) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number in the original description, and the specimen bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 597899 (Mathews no. 10253), male, AMNH 597900 (10254), male, and AMNH 597901 (10373), female, collected at Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, on 10 December 1911. One paratype is in SAMA (P. Horton and B. Blaylock, personal commun.). AMNH 597902–597905, collected at Birchmores Lagoon, Kangaroo Island, on 17 April 1912 are not paratypes, as they were collected after the 2 April 1912 publication date of M. g. halmaturinus.

Watson et al. (1986a: 43) recognized only M. g. gramineus for all Australian birds, but Schodde and Mason (1999: 703–704) recognized three, with Kangaroo Island birds included in M. gramineus goulburni.

Megalurus gramineus thomasi Mathews

Megalurus gramineus thomasi Mathews, 1912a: 344 (Lake Muir, West Australia).

Now Megalurus gramineus thomasi 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 703–704.

Holotype

AMNH 597889, adult male, collected at Lake Muir, 34.28S, 116.35E (Times Atlas), Western Australia, Australia, on 24 April 1911, by Tom Carter. From the Mathews Collection (no. 9740) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description, and the specimen bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels, as well as Mathews' yellow “Figured” label. It was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 444, opp. p. 375, text p. 377), where it is confirmed as the type of thomasi, but the date was incorrectly given as 26 April 1911. None of the April specimens in AMNH taken by Carter was collected on the 26th. While AMNH 597885–597893 are all Mathews specimens collected by Carter at Lake Muir in March, April, and December 1911, the holotype was the only specimen that Mathews entered in his catalog. Thus, the status of these additional specimens cannot be determined. It is particularly unlikely that Mathews received the December specimens before the publication of his “Reference-List” in January 1912.

Megalurus gramineus wilsoni Mathews

Megalurus gramineus wilsoni Mathews, 1912a: 344 (Victoria).

Now Megalurus gramineus goulburni 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 703–704.

Holotype

AMNH 597918, adult female, collected at Western Port, 38.22S. 145.20E (USBGN, 1957b), Victoria, Australia, on 10 March 1909, by Thomas H. Tregellas (no. 183). From the Mathews Collection (no. 5099) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. A single Tregallas specimen of this species was cataloged on 10 September 1910. AMNH 597919, a female collected at Westernport on the same date, is probably a paratype, although I did not find it in Mathews' catalog; it was exchanged by AMNH to the FMNH in the 1960s. AMNH 597917, immature male, collected at Somerville, Victoria, on 10 April 1909 by L.G. Chandler was cataloged by Mathews as number 4955 and is a paratype of M. g. wilsoni. Its Mathews collection label is marked “Type” and it bears a blank Rothschild type label upon which has been pencilled “Unpublished” and “Not a type” in a hand unknown. It is initialed, but I am unsure of the letters. I, too, have found no indication that it was ever designated as a type.

In addition to the Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the holotype bears a yellow “Figured” label. It was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 444, opp. p. 375, text pp. 376–377), where it is confirmed as the type of wilsoni.

Mathews (1913a: 211) specified the type locality of wilsoni as Western Port, the collecting locality of the holotype. Watson et al. (1986a: 43) included wilsoni as a synonym of M. gramineus gramineus, but Schodde and Mason (1999: 703) have included Victoria within the range of M. gramineus goulburni.

[Poodytes gramineus milligani Mathews]

Poodytes gramineus milligani Mathews, 1921a: 137, new name for Megalurus striatus Milligan, 1903, preoccupied by Megalurus? striatus Jerdon, 1841. As such, it has the same type as Megalurus striatus Milligan, which is in the WAM (Whittell and Serventy, 1948: 81; Anonymous, 1968: 29).

Bowdleria punctata vealeae Kemp

Bowdleria punctata vealeae Kemp, 1912: 124 (Umawera, Hokianga, North Island).

Now Megalurus punctatus vealeae (Kemp, 1912). See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 598191, unsexed adult, collected at Umawera, Hokianga Harbour, ca. 35.35S, 172.40E, North Island, New Zealand, in August 1907, by Robin Kemp. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description in Mathews' Austral Avian Record, Kemp said that the type from Umawera, Hokianga, was then in his possession; he gave only a single measurement. I was unable to determine when the specimen passed to Mathews, as I did not find it listed in Mathews' catalog.

The holotype bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. A note on the latter, “Figured by Lodge in the Birds of New Zealand”, refers to a watercolor by George Edward Lodge. It was among 89 watercolors commissioned by the New Zealand government in the early 1900s to illustrate a replacement edition, never published, of Buller's Birds of New Zealand. The plates were published much later, with a text by Sir Charles Fleming (1982: 338–340), and the painting of M. p. vealei (sic) is the upper figure in plate 78.

Sibley and Ahlquist (1987: 64–65) considered Bowdleria probably congeneric with Megalurus on the basis of their DNA-DNA hybridization studies, although Olson (1990) thought anatomical differences between the two genera were sufficient for recognition. Bowdleria was retained in the Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (Turbott, 1990: 202).

Cincloramphus cruralis clelandi Mathews

Cincloramphus cruralis clelandi Mathews, 1912a: 338 (Perth, West Australia).

Now Cincloramphus cruralis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 708.

Holotype

AMNH 587760, unsexed, collected at Mindigong, Perth, 31.58S, 115.49E (Times Atlas), Western Australia, Australia, in September 1907. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2094) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews did not give any information about the type other than it was from Perth, adding that the range of the subspecies was “South-West Australia”. However, the above specimen bears both a Mathews type label with his catalog number, and a Rothschild type label. Mindigong appears on the Mathews Collection label. This is the only Perth specimen that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, and I consider it the holotype.

Mathews (1930: 569) said that this form was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 436, upper fig., opp. p. 297, text p. 298). This is paratype AMNH 587780 (Mathews no. 5196), female, Lake Yanchep, 31.32S, 115.33E (Times Atlas), Western Australia, 14 November 1904, obtained by Mathews from WAM (no. 7057) and cataloged by him on 10 September 1910.

Cincloramphus cruralis rogersi Mathews

Cincloramphus cruralis rogersi Mathews, 1912a: 338 (Derby, North-West Australia).

Now Cincloramphus cruralis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 708.

Holotype

AMNH 587759, adult male, collected at Derby, 17.19S, 123.38E (Times Atlas), Western Australia, Australia, by J. Tunney. From the Mathews Collection (no. 5195) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. This specimen bears, in addition to Mathews and Rothschild type labels and Tunney's label, a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it was the model for Mathews (1922a: pl. 436, lower fig., opp. p. 297, text p. 298) where it is confirmed as the type of rogersi. The specimen, cataloged by Mathews on 10 September 1910, was obtained from WAM.

Cincloramphus rufescens mathewsi Iredale

Cincloramphus rufescens mathewsi Iredale, 1911: 97 (Yalgo, West Australia).

Now Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911. See Watson et al., 1986a: 45, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 706–707, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 587779, adult male, collected at Wururga, 28.24S, 116.29E (Times Atlas), Yalgoo ( =  Yalgo) G[old] F[ields], 1050 ft, Western Australia, Australia, on 14 August 1903, by F.L. [Whitlock] (no. 313). From the Mathews Collection (no. 5198) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Iredale described only the male and gave the Mathews catalog number of the holotype in the original description. This specimen was obtained from WAM, and the number “6033” on Whitlock's label may be that museum's number. Also present are Mathews and Rothschild type labels and a yellow “Figured” label indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 437, right fig., opp. p. 306, text p. 307), where the figured male is confirmed as the type of mathewsi.

When the name rufescens Vigors and Horsfield was found to be based on a misidentification (see below under Cincloramphus mathewsi vigorsi), Iredale's name was the next available name for the species. Schodde and Mason (1999: 706), following Wolters, placed C. mathewsi in the subgenus Maclennania. Del Hoyo et al. (2006: 580) suggested that because of the striking morphological differences mathewsi might be better placed in a separate genus.

Cincloramphus mathewsi alisteri Mathews

Cincloramphus mathewsi alisteri Mathews, 1912a: 339 (East Murchison, West Australia).

Now Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911. See Watson et al., 1986a: 45, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 706–707, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 587778, adult male, collected in the East Murchison, Western Australia, Australia, on 24 October 1909, by F.L. Whitlock. From the Mathews Collection (no. 3902) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. The single specimen was among a collection made by Whitlock in the East Murchison and at Lake Way, cataloged by Mathews on 27 December 1909.

Cincloramphus mathewsi horsfieldi Mathews

Cincloramphus mathewsi horsfieldi Mathews, 1912a: 339 (Northern Territory (Alexandra)).

Now Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911. See Watson et al., 1986a: 45, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 706–707, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 587784, adult male, collected at Alexandria ( =  Alexandra), 19.00S, 136.42E (Times Atlas), Northern Territory, Australia, on 2 January 1906 (incorrectly dated 1905), by Wilfred Stalker (no. 106). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2101) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. Stalker's collection around Alexandria was made for Sir William Ingram (see Whittell, 1954: 680) and reported on by Collingwood Ingram (1907), from whom Mathews acquired the collection (Mathews, 1942: 51). The three specimens listed in Ingram's (1907: 406) report came to AMNH. There are two paratypes: AMNH 587785 (Mathews no. 2102, Stalker no. 106), male, 20 January 1906; and AMNH 587827 (2103, 30), May [1905]. This latter specimen was originally sexed as ♂, but this has been crossed out and ♀ added in pencil, which appears to be correct, as the specimen is much smaller than the other males.

The number “539” that appears in pencil on the reverse of Stalker's label refers to the number of the species in Mathews (1908a). Stalker was listed as William Stalker in Ingram (1907) and in Whittell (1954: 680–681); his correct name was Wilfred (Ogilvie-Grant, 1915: vi).

Cincloramphus mathewsi subalisteri Mathews

Cincloramphus mathewsi subalisteri Mathews, 1912a: 339 (Parry's Creek, North-West Australia).

Now Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911. See Watson et al., 1986a: 45, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 706–707, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 587763, adult male, collected at Parry ( =  Parry's) Creek, 1000 ft, 15.36S, 128.17E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 512), 5 mi west of Trig Station, East Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, on 9 November 1908, by J.P. Rogers (no. 312). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2099) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. A second specimen from Parry Creek is a paratype: AMNH 587764 (Mathews no. 2098), collected 14 March 1909, Rogers no. 670.

Mathews (1909b: 11, 1910b: 110), in his reports on Rogers' 1908 and 1909 collections, listed these two specimens as Cincloramphus rufescens. He (Mathews, 1909b: 1) noted that Rogers camped about 25 mi from Wyndham on Parry Creek.

[Cincloramphus mathewsi vigorsi Mathews]

Mathews (1912a: 339) provided Cincloramphus mathewsi vigorsi as a new name for Anthus rufescens Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, preoccupied by Anthus rufescens Temminck, 1820. As such vigorsi has the same type as Anthus rufescens Vigors and Horsfield. Mathews (1912a: 339) did not designate a type for vigorsi; nevertheless, AMNH 587797, adult male, collected at Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia, in November 1890, by T. Thorpe bears both Mathews and Rothschild type labels that are marked with Mathews' catalog number 7975 and the name Cincloramphus mathewsi vigorsi. I can find no evidence that this name was ever introduced as anything other than a replacement name, and the indication that the specimen is a type is evidently an error. I have retained this specimen in the type collection because it bears the type labels and was cataloged as a type at AMNH, but I have added another label to indicate its status.

Because Anthus rufescens Vigors and Horsfield is a junior primary homonym of Anthus rufescens Temminck, it is permanently invalid (ICZN, 1999: 59, Art. 57.2), and C. rufescens mathewsi Iredale, 1911, becomes the next available name.

Poodytes gramineus normani Mathews

Poodytes gramineus normani Mathews, 1914b: 97 (Normanton, North Queensland).

Now Cincloramphus mathewsi Iredale, 1911. See Watson et al., 1986a: 45, Schodde and Mason, 1999: 706–707, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 580.

Holotype

AMNH 587814, adult female, collected at Normanton, 17.40S, 141.05E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia, on 2 April 1914, by Robin Kemp (no. 4263). From the Mathews Collection (no. 18477) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews originally placed this form in Poodytes ( =  Megalurus) gramineus, a small species of Megalurus; and it was said to differ from P. gramineus goulburni “in being paler above; the red rump very noticeable; a distinct spotted band across the throat”. Later, Mathews (1915a: 133) realized his error and listed it as Ptenoedus ( =  Cincloramphus) mathewsi normani, saying that it “Differs from P. m. horsfieldi in the manner stated”. In the original description, Mathews said only that the type was from Normanton, north Queensland. In his catalog, only this single specimen is entered; few specimens were cataloged after 1913, usually types.

Because Mathews originally placed this form in “Poodytes” gramineus, it is reasonable to assume that he was considering only the smaller females of Cincloramphus mathewsi, a species that shows extreme sexual size dimorphism. Of the eight female specimens collected at Normanton in 1914 that had been in the Mathews Collection, three (AMNH 572944, 572949, and 572953) were originally identified as Anthus australis, and so were not part of Mathews' type series. Of the other five, only AMNH 587814 agrees with the original description, having “the red rump very noticeable [and] a distinct spotted band across the throat”. While it does not bear a Mathews type label, its Mathews Collection label is marked “type” in Mathews' hand, and it is the only specimen in the group that he entered in his catalog. It bears a Rothschild type label, and I consider it the holotype. The remaining four female specimens, AMNH 587815, 587816, 587817, and 587818, are paratypes. AMNH 587817 is perhaps a juvenile male, as it is larger than the others and has the band across the lower throat streaked rather than spotted (Schodde and Mason, 1999: 707).

Eremiornis carteri assimilis Montague

Eremiornis carteri assimilis Montague, 1913: 181 (Hermite Island, Monte Bello Group).

Now Eremiornis carteri North, 1900. See Watson et al., 1986a: 46, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 705.

Syntype

AMNH 597987, adult male, collected on Hermite Island, 20.28S, 115.32E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 507), Montebello Islands, Western Australia, Australia, on 6 June 1912, by Paul D. Montague (no. 39a). From the Mathews Collection (no. 15792) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Montague said only that the type was from Hermite Island, collected in June 1912; wing measurements of 53–58 mm were given. Later, Montague (1914: 634) reported on his entire collection from the Montebello Islands and listed a male, wing 60 mm, and a female, wing 51 mm, of this species. My measurement of the wing of the male is 60 mm; it bears Mathews and Rothschild type labels. There seems no doubt that this specimen was part of Montague's type series (see LeCroy, 2003: 45–46); there are no syntypes in WAM (Ron Johnstone, personal commun.), and the fate of the female is unknown.

Eremiornis carteri rogersi Mathews

Eremiornis carteri rogersi Mathews, 1913a: 192 (Hall's Creek, Kimberley Gold Fields (Northwest Australia)).

Now Eremiornis carteri North, 1900. See Watson et al., 1986a: 46, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 705.

Holotype

AMNH 597971, adult male, collected at Halls Creek, 18.17S, 127.38E (Times Atlas), Kimberley Gold Fields, Western Australia, Australia, on 20 July 1909, by J.P. Rogers (no. 705). From the Mathews Collection (no. 3817) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description; it had not previously been included in the AMNH type collection. He did not state how many specimens he had, but AMNH 597972 (Mathews no. 3818), adult female (marked as a pair with 3817), collected on the same date by Rogers (no. 706) is a paratype.

Cichlornis whitneyi Mayr

Cichlornis whitneyi Mayr, 1933a: 4 (Santo Island, New Hebrides).

Now Megalurulus whitneyi whitneyi (372373Mayr, 1933). See Ripley, 1985, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 582.

Holotype

AMNH 224398, adult male, collected on Espiritu Santo ( =  Santo) Island, Vanuatu ( =  New Hebrides), on 8 December 1926, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 24155).

Comments

The AMNH number was cited in the original description, which was based on this single specimen. The genus Cichlornis was described at the same time (Mayr, 1933a: 2–4).

In Beck's unpublished Journal “D” (AMNH Department of Ornithology Archives), under the date of 9 December 1926, he noted “I visited the west side of Santo, but was unfortunate in being only able to get [to] 2500 feet, as the ridge ran no higher at our anchorage. I got a single small bird that was different, one specimen.”

Bregulla (1992: 241–242) and Mayr and Diamond (2001: 391) retained whitneyi in the genus Cichlornis.

Cichlornis llaneae Hadden

Cichlornis llaneae Hadden, 1983: 23 (Crown Prince Range, 5000 ft (1550 m), central Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, approximately 6°19′S, 155°30′E).

Now Megalurulus whitneyi llaneae (Hadden, 1983). See Ripley, 1985, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 582.

Holotype

AMNH 824713, adult unsexed, collected in the Crown Prince Range, 5000 ft (1550 m), ca. 06.19S, 155.30E, central Bougainville Island, North Solomons Province, Papua New Guinea, on 17 June 1979, by Don Hadden.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype and only specimen was given in the original description. A nest and egg were collected at the same time and are in AMNH.

Mayr and Diamond (2001: 391) retained the genus Cichlornis and gave full species status to llaneae.

Cichlornis grosvenori Gilliard

Cichlornis grosvenori Gilliard, 1960: 1 (Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, central New Britain).

Now Megalurulus whitneyi grosvenori (Gilliard, 1960). See Ripley, 1985, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 582.

Holotype

AMNH 708127, adult female, collected at Camp no. 12, 5200+ ft, Wild Dog Range, Whiteman Mountains, 05.50S, 150.00E (Papua New Guinea, 1984), West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, on 18 December 1958, by E. Thomas and Margaret Gilliard.

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. The single paratype is AMNH 777991, male?, collected at the same camp on 22 December 1958.

A watercolor of this bird by Margaret Gilliard was reproduced in Gilliard (1961: 273); see Gilliard and LeCroy (1967) for a report on the birds collected on this expedition.

Mayr and Diamond (2001: 391) retained the genus Cichlornis and gave full species status to grosvenori.

For a recent study of the mitochondrial phylogeny of Locustella and related genera, see Drovetski et al. (2004).

Calamoherpe tenuirostris Brehm

Calamoherpe tenuirostris Brehm, 1831: 440 (bei Kahla an der Salle).

Now Locustella naevia naevia (Boddaert, 1783). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 613.

Holotype

AMNH 455266, immature male, captured at Kahla, 50.48N, 11.35E (Times Atlas), Germany, died in captivity 15 February 1827. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm gave a wide range for this form but mentioned only a single specimen, “ein Männchen wurde im September 1826 bei Kahla an der Saale gefangen”. A second specimen at AMNH identified in Brehm's hand as tenuirostris was collected long after the description was published. Should another specimen be found, then Hartert (1918a: 30), by listing the above specimen as the type, designated it the lectotype.

Locustella strepitans Brehm

Locustella stepitans Brehm, 1855: 233 (in Galizien).

Now Locustella fluviatilis (Wolf, 1810). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 614.

Lectotype

AMNH 455283, adult male, collected at Lubartow, 51.29N, 22.38E (Times Atlas), Poland. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Brehm did not say how many specimens he had. The specimen from Lubartow ( =  Ljubartow, as on label) was designated the lectotype by Hartert (1918a: 30). Its original label appears to be Count Wodzicki's. Brehm labeled it Sylvia fluviatilis strepitans and added “No. 690”, the significance of which I have been unable to discover. Hartert (1918a: 30) gave the date “5 June 1853”, which does not appear on the original label or in the description. I did not find other specimens in the collection labeled strepitans by Brehm.

Locustella Wodzickii Brehm

Locustella Wodzickii Brehm, 1855: 234 (Wolica in Galizien).

Now Locustella luscinioides luscinioides (Savi, 1824). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 614.

Lectotype

AMNH 455273, immature female, collected at Wolica, Poland, on 20 August 1853, by Count Wodzicki. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm did not say how many specimens he had. Hartert (1918a: 30) designated this specimen the lectotype; it is the only Wolica specimen that came to AMNH and the only one labeled “Wodzickii”. This does not appear to be in Brehm's hand and may be one of the relabeled specimens mentioned by Hartert (1918a: 5). However, in this case Wodzicki's original label remains, with the name being written on the back along with “No. 738”, the significance of which I have not discovered.

Calamoherpe subflavescens Elliot

Calamoherpe subflavescens Elliot, 1870: 243 (Dahouria, in Central Asia).

Now Locustella fasciolata fasciolata (Gray, 1861). See Hartert, 1909: 545, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 616.

Holotype

AMNH 7300, juvenile male, collected at Dauriya ( =  Dahouria), 49.57N, 116.55E (Times Atlas), Russia, no date given. From the collection of Mme. Verday.

Comments

In 1869, when Elliot began a lengthy residence abroad in order to study in European institutions, he was asked by the Administration of the newly formed AMNH to purchase specimens for the museum. This specimen was selected from the collection of Mme. Verday by Elliot as part of his purchases (Anonymous, 1915: 137–138) and was the only example he had (Elliot, 1870: 244). Madame Verday's name has been variously spelled; I have used the spelling given by Elliot in the original description of this taxon.

For 1861, not 1860, as the publication date of Gray's description of fasciolata, see Duncan (1937: 72).

For recent studies of relationships among warblers of the genus Acrocephalus and related genera, based on mtDNA sequences and morphology, see Leisler et al. (1997) and Helbig and Seibold (1999).

Caricicola Bonelli Brehm

Caricicola Bonelli Brehm, 1855: 236 (in Italien).

Now Acrocephalus melanopogon melanopogon (Temminck, 1823). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 616.

Lectotype

AMNH 455513, adult male, collected at Pisa, 43.43N, 10.24E (Times Atlas), Italy, in April. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Brehm gave no information concerning his specimens except that both C. bonelli and C. melanopogon were from Italy and that bonelli had a much longer bill. This specimen appears to have a very long bill because the base of the bill is damaged and some of the feathers are missing. It is labeled “Caricicola Bonelli” by Brehm, with melanopogon added above, and is the male, collected in April, that Hartert chose as the lectotype of C. bonelli. AMNH 455515, a female from Pisa, also collected in April, is labeled “Caricicola Bonelli” by Brehm, with “Bonelli” marked out and melanopogon written above. I consider this specimen a paralectotype of bonelli, even though its bill appears normal. AMNH 455514, a male collected at Pisa is not labeled “Bonelli” by Brehm and I do not consider it a paralectotype. Brehm labeled it Caricicola melanopogon communis, but neither Hartert nor I have discovered the source of this name.

Sylvia striata Brehm

Sylvia striata Brehm, 1822: 287 (Neustadt a/d Orla).

Now Acrocephalus paludicola (Vieillot, 1817). See Hartert, 1918a: 31, 1923a: 54, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 617.

Probable Lectotype

AMNH 455399, male, collected at Neustadt, 50.45N, 11.44E (Times Atlas), on the Orla River, Germany, on “9 April 1810”. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert (1918a: 31) was not certain that this specimen should be considered the type, because Brehm (1822: 294) said: “Ich bemerkte diesen Vogel zuerst am 23. April 1811 bei Neustadt a/d. Orla.” The date 9 April 1810 and the name Caricicola striata appear on this specimen in Brehm's hand; the locality is given as “Orl[a]thal”. Hartert wrote on the Rothschild type label: “Must be the type of Sylvia striata Brehm …. I think the date [in the description] or on the label is wrong! Not the only instance!!” It is the only specimen from the Orla Valley that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, although Brehm (1822: 287) noted that he obtained a pair. (Original description not seen.)

Calamoherpe tritici Brehm

Calamoherpe tritici Brehm, 1831: 449 (Greifswald, Ahlsdorf).

Now Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1918a: 31, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 617–618.

Syntypes

AMNH 455480, adult male, and AMNH 455481, adult female, collected at Greifswald, 54.06N, 13.24E (Times Atlas), Germany, on 6 June 1826. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Brehm, in his original description, mentioned the localities of Greifswald and Ahlsdorf . Hartert (1918a: 31) listed both of the above specimens as types of tritici, thus not designating a lectotype. Seven specimens were cataloged at AMNH as tritici, four of which were collected after the date of the description. In addition to the above two syntypes, former AMNH 455482, collected at Ahlsdorf on 8 May 1828, was exchanged to ZFMK. It is the specimen mentioned by Brehm (1831: 449) as having been collected in 1828 at Ahlsdorf and is a third syntype.

Calamoherpe juncorum Brehm

Calamoherpe juncorum Brehm, 1831: 1015 (Renthendorf, 1830, and Görlitz).

Now Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1918a: 31, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 617–618.

Lectotype

AMNH 455499, adult male, collected at Renthendorf ( =  hiesieger Gegend, on label), 50.48N, 11.58E (USBGN, 1959), Germany, on 3 May 1830. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm mentioned that this form first appeared at Renthendorf in August 1830, but the date on the lectotype is May 1830; also, he mentioned two additional specimens: a young female collected on 12 August, and a young bird collected on 1 September 1830.

Hartert (1918a: 31) considered the above male, labeled juncorum by Brehm, to be the type ( =  lectotype). Five specimens were cataloged at AMNH as juncorum, three having been sent on exchange to ZFMK. Two of these, former AMNH 455500 and 455501, were collected in August 1830 at Renthendorf and are paralectotypes if they were labeled juncorum by Brehm. Former AMNH 455503 was collected before the publication date of the description and, if labeled juncorum by Brehm, is probably also a paralectotype. The one additional specimen remaining at AMNH, AMNH 455502, was collected after the date of the description.

Calamoherpe ambigua A.E. Brehm

Calamoherpe ambigua A.E. Brehm, 1857: 467 (bei Valencia und Murcia beobachtet).

Now Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 620–621.

Lectotype

AMNH 455328, adult male, collected at Játiva, 39.00N, 00.32W, Valencia, Spain, on 19 June 1856, by A.E. Brehm. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, A.E. Brehm did not designate a type or say how many specimens were collected. Hartert (1918a: 30) designated the specimen collected on 19 June as the lectotype. Two paralectotypes, collected in July, are AMNH 455326 and 455327.

Hartert (1921: 2144) noted that A. scirpaceus Hermann, 1804 was an earlier name than A. strepera Vieillot, 1817, which had been used for this species previously.

Calamoherpe piscinarum Brehm

Calamoherpe piscinarum Brehm, 1831: 447 (Renthendorf).

Now Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 620–621.

Lectotype

AMNH 455362, male juvenile, collected at Renthendorf, 50.48N, 11.58E (USBGN, 1959), Germany, on 20 September 1828. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm mentioned that he had a pair of young birds collected on 20 September 1828 and another juvenile collected in August 1826.

Hartert (1918a: 30) considered the male juvenile collected on 20 September 1828 to be the type ( =  lectotype). This is the only specimen of this nominal form retained by AMNH. Five specimens cataloged as piscinarum were exchanged to ZFMK; the only one of these collected before the publication date of the description was former AMNH 455366, a juvenile female, collected on 20 September 1828. It is a paralectotype.

Calamoherpe pinetorum Brehm

Calamoherpe pinetorum Brehm, 1848: cols. 5, 8–10 (Lübs in Mecklenburg).

Now Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 620–621.

Holotype

AMNH 455368, adult male, collected at Lübz ( =  Lübs), 53.28N, 12.03E (Times Atlas), Mecklenburg, Germany, on 15 May 1843, by H. Zander. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Brehm based his description on a specimen he had been sent by Zander from Lübz in Mecklenburg. He noted on his label of this specimen that it was collected in Lübz in conifer forest (“Nadelwalde”), and he also marked it “Urexemplar”. Other specimens in his possession were mentioned from Renthendorf, Pommern, and Görlitz. Specimens collected in some of these localities and before the publication date of the name were exchanged to ZMB; they would be paratypes if labeled pinetorum in Brehm's hand.

Calamoherpe crassirostris Brehm

Calamoherpe crassirostris Brehm, 1855: 235 (im Morgenlande).

Now Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804). See Hartert, 1918a: 31, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 620–621.

Lectotype

AMNH 455439, adult male, collected in Upper Egypt (“Oberegyptan”, as on label), on 10 May 1850, by Oskar or Alfred Brehm (according to Hartert, 1918a: 31). From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm did not say how many specimens he had. AMNH 455439 is the only specimen marked crassirostris in Brehm's hand and was listed as the type ( =  lectotype) by Hartert (1918a: 31); three additional specimens cataloged as crassirostris are marked gracilirostris and were collected after the above description was published; they have no type status. All of the specimens remain in AMNH.

Calamoherpe orientalis Brehm

Calamoherpe orientalis Brehm, 1855: 235 (im Morgenlande).

Now Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus (Hermann, 1804). See Hartert, 1918a: 31, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 620–621.

Lectotype

AMNH 455331, adult female, collected in Upper Egypt (“Oberegyptan”, as on label), in March 1850, by Oskar Brehm. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm did not say how many specimens he had. The above specimen is the only one labeled orientalis by Brehm that came to AMNH; it was designated the lectotype by Hartert (1918a: 31). Two of three additional specimens cataloged at AMNH as orientalis, AMNH 455329 and 455330, were from Spain, were not labeled orientalis by Brehm, and were collected after the description was published. The third (undated) specimen, AMNH 455332, was from Cape Colony, and it is doubtless the specimen referred to by Brehm (1855: 235, footnote) as a specimen of his “Cal. rufescens”. It was labeled rufescens by Brehm and undoubtedly was purchased by him in Berlin. It was collected by Krebs and still retains the number “XI.196”, which refers to its number in the list of Krebs' eleventh shipment of specimens to Lichtenstein in Berlin (see Ffollett and Liversidge, 1971: 224 and LeCroy, 2003: 100–101). It is a specimen of Acrocephalus b. baeticatus.

Acrocephalus albotorquatus Hartlaub

Acrocephalus albotorquatus Hartlaub, 1880: 212 (Lado).

Now Acrocephalus baeticatus cinnamomeus Reichenow, 1908. See Hartert, 1928: 214, Urban et al., 1997: 108.

Holotype

AMNH 594688, adult male, collected in Lado, Sudan, on 28 July 1879, by Emin Pasha (no. 401). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartlaub noted that he had a single specimen with a white neckband in Emin Pasha's collection from Lado. He stated that the type was in Bremen, but at some point the specimen was obtained by Rothschild. Hartert (1928: 214) drew attention to the fact that this is an aberrant individual of A. baeticatus.

Under A. cinnamomeus, in a superspecies with baeticatus, Traylor (in Watson et al., 1986a: 63) listed A. albotorquatus as a nomen oblitum, the name having not been used for more than 50 years. Traylor was technically incorrect, as the Code then in effect (ICZN, 1985) did not use this term, and authors wanting to preserve stability by not recognizing an unused senior synonym were required to refer the case to the Commission for a ruling (Art. 23b and Art. 79c). The current Code (ICZN, 1999) allows reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9). I suggest that this article be applied with reference to Hartlaub's name, and thus Acrocephalus baeticatus cinnamomeus Reichenow, 1908, becomes a nomen protectum and Acrocephalus albotorquatus Hartlaub, 1880, becomes a nomen oblitum.

Lado was described by Hartlaub (1880: 210) as lying on the banks of the Bahr Djébel ( =  White Nile) at 05°01′33″N and 31°49′36″E. This would be near the town of Mongalla, 05.12N, 31.42E (Times Atlas), and east of Mount Lado, 05.10N, 31.32E (Times Atlas).

Acrocephalus arundinaceus zarudnyi Hartert

Acrocephalus arundinaceus zarudnyi Hartert, 1907d: 26 (Djarkent, Turkestan).

Now Acrocephalus arundinaceus zarudnyi 162193194195Hartert, 1907. See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 625.

Holotype

AMNH 594403, adult male, collected at Panfilov ( =  Djarkent), 44.10N, 80.01E (Times Atlas), Kazakhstan, on 3 May 1900 ( =  21 April 1900, Russian date), by N. Zarudny (no. 1566). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert cited Zarudny's number of the holotype. The date of 21 April, given on the original label, was the date according to the Julian calendar (Hartert, 1920: 464); 3 May was the date according to the Gregorian calendar. Hartert did not say how many specimens he had, but three additional specimens collected by Zarudny at Djarkent at the same time would have been part of Hartert's type series. The paratypes are AMNH 594404 (Zarudny no. 1564), male, 21 April; AMNH 594405 (1567), female, 22 April; and AMNH 594406 (1585), female, 26 April.

Calamoherpe major Brehm

Calamoherpe major Brehm, 1855: 235 (in Galizien, selten in Deutschland).

Now Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758). See Hartert, 1918a: 30, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 625.

Lectotype

AMNH 455285, unsexed adult, collected at Wolica in Galicia, Poland, on 6 May 1853, by Count Wodzicki (no. 722). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Brehm did not indicate how many specimens he had. 213Hartert (1918: 30) designated the Wolica specimen the lectotype; it still retains the Count Wodzicki label. Eleven specimens were cataloged at AMNH as major; eight of these remain at AMNH. In addition to the lectotype, only AMNH 455286, from Rodathal, collected 4 May 1832, was labeled major by Brehm and so is a paralectotype. Three specimens, AMNH 455289, 455290, and 455291, were exchanged to ZFMK; if any are labeled major by Brehm, they also are paralectotypes.

Calamoherpe griseldis Hartlaub

Calamoherpe griseldis Hartlaub, 1891: 7 (Nguru).

Now Acrocephalus griseldis (Hartlaub, 1891). See Urban et al., 1997: 116, and Leisler et al., 1997: 485.

Holotype

AMNH 594411, unsexed adult, collected at Nguru, no date, by Emin Pasha. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartlaub noted that he had a single specimen. AMNH 594411 is the only specimen of this form, collected before the publication of the name, that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. It no longer bears the original Emin Pasha label. One Rothschild Museum label is marked “Emin Pasha coll. received 1893 in Mus. W. Rothschild, Type, Calamoherpe griseldis Hartl., Nguru.” A note on the second Rothschild Museum label, in a hand unknown, reads “nach Sharpe  =  Phyllostrophus sharpei Shelley und eine Calamocichla!”. The reference is to Sharpe (1903: 206).

Chapin (1954: 713) gave the coordinates of the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania, as 05.50S–06.15S, 37.32E–37.44E. Hartlaub (1891: 2) noted that “In dem Distrikte Nguru, deutsches Ostafrika, ist es eine ‘Monda’ (?) benannte Station, wo viel erbeutet wurde”. This is probably Mhonda, 06.07S, 37.36E (Times Atlas).

Acrocephalus stentoreus harterti Salomonsen

Acrocephalus stentoreus harterti Salomonsen, 1928: 119 (Laguna de Bai, Philippines).

Now Acrocephalus stentoreus harterti Salomonsen, 1928. See Dickinson et al., 1991: 328.

Holotype

AMNH 594488, adult male, collected at Laguna de Bay ( =  Laguna de Bai), 14.23N, 121.15E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 420), Luzon Island, Philippines, on 11 January 1895, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Salomonsen noted that he had a single male specimen from the Rothschild Collection with the above data.

Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus Hartert

Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus Hartert, 1924c: 21 (Ampenan, northern Lombok).

Now Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus 221222Hartert, 1924. See White and Bruce, 1986: 344–345, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 699.

Lectotype

AMNH 594491, adult male, collected at Ampenan, 08.35S, 116.05E (Times Atlas), northern Lombok Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, in June 1896, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Everett collected two specimens of this form (see Hartert, 1896g: 593, where it is listed as Acrocephalus longirostris). Neither in his original description nor in his list of Rothschild types did Hartert (1928: 214) distinguish between these two specimens, which bear the same data. A Rothschild type label is attached only to AMNH 594491, indicating Hartert's intent that that specimen be the type, and in order to confirm Hartert's intent and remove ambiguity, I hereby designate AMNH 594491 the lectotype of Acrocephalus stentoreus lentecaptus. AMNH 594492 becomes a paralectotype.

Measurements are given in the original description for five specimens. Perhaps Hartert borrowed specimens from other museums, as there are no other Lombok specimens from the Rothschild Collection in AMNH.

Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae Hartert

Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae Hartert, 1924c: 21 (Nangamessi Bucht, nicht weit von Waingapu).

Now Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae 221222Hartert, 1924. See Schodde and Mason, 1999: 699.

Lectotype

AMNH 594489, adult female, collected near Waingapu, 09.40S, 120.16E (Times Atlas), on Nangawesi ( =  Nangamessi) Bay, Sumba Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, in February 1896, by William Doherty. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Doherty collected only two female specimens of this form (see the original description and Hartert, 1896f: 580, where they are listed as Acrocephalus australis). A Rothschild type label is tied only on AMNH 594489, establishing Hartert's intent for that specimen to be the type, but neither in his original description nor in his list of types in the Rothschild Collection (Hartert, 1928: 214) did he distinguish between the two specimens. In order to confirm Hartert's intent, I hereby designate AMNH 594489 the lectotype of Acrocephalus stentoreus sumbae, thereby removing any ambiguity in the older literature. AMNH 594490 becomes the paralectotype.

White and Bruce (1986: 344) considered sumbae to be a synonym of A. stentoreus celebensis, and they provided a discussion.

Acrocephalus australis carterae Mathews

Acrocephalus australis carterae Mathews, 1912a: 343 (North-West Australia (Derby)).

Now Acrocephalus australis gouldi Dubois, 1901. See Watson et al., 1986a: 68, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 698–699.

Holotype

AMNH 594519, adult male, collected at Point Torment, 17.01S, 123.35E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 512), near Derby, King Sound, Western Australia, Australia, on 12 April 1911, by John P. Rogers (no. 1569). From the Mathews Collection (no. 8681) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype. In addition to the Rogers label and the Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the specimen bears a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it was figured in Mathews (1922a: pl. 442, opp. p. 354, text p. 355), where it is confirmed as the type of carterae. Mathews did not say how many specimens he examined, only giving the range of the form as northwest Australia. Paratype AMNH 594521, unsexed, from the Strelly River, collected in August 1907, bears Mathews catalog number 2137 and was cataloged by him prior to 1910. A second specimen with the same data was not found in the Mathews catalog.

Acrocephalus australis mellori Mathews

Acrocephalus australis mellori Mathews, 1912a: 342 (Mannam, South Australia)

Now Acrocephalus australis australis (Gould, 1838). See Watson et al., 1986a: 68, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 698–699.

Holotype

AMNH 594512, adult male, collected at Mannum ( =  Mannam), 34.50S, 139.20E (Times Atlas), South Australia, Australia, on 21 December 1907, by Edwin Ashby (no. 159). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2138) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype, which bears both Mathews and Rothschild type labels. The range of the form was given as Victoria and South Australia. There are two Mathews specimens, collected before the January 1912 publication date of mellori, that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection and that qualify as paratypes: AMNH 594510 (Mathews no. 4897), male nestling, and AMNH 594511 (4898), female nestling, Caulfield, Victoria, 24 November 1909, cataloged by Mathews on 6 July 1909. AMNH 594517 (11637), male, Murray Bridge, South Australia, 9 September 1910, is not a paratype, as it was not cataloged until 4 April 1912, indicating that it was not received until after publication of the name. Mathews (1930: 590) listed mellori as a synonym of australis.

Acrocephalus australis inexpectatus Mathews

Acrocephalus australis inexpectatus Mathews, 1912e: 92 (New South Wales).

Now Acrocephalus australis australis (Gould, 1838). See Watson et al., 1986a: 68, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 698–699.

Holotype

AMNH 594505, adult male, collected at Parramatta, 33.50S, 150.57E (Times Atlas), New South Wales, Australia, in October 1909, by Schräder. From the Mathews Collection (no. 4614) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype, which bears both Mathews and Rothschild type labels. New South Wales was given as the type locality and the range of the form, but Parramatta is the collecting locality of the holotype as noted by Mathews (1913a: 209). The field label bears the numbers “551”, which refers to the number of Acrocephalus australis in Mathews' (1908a), and “1043”, the significance of which I have not discovered. There are at least four paratypes: AMNH 594506–594509 (Mathews nos. 4611–4613 and 5990, all cataloged in 1910) collected by Schräder at Parramatta in October 1909.

Acrocephalus australis melvillensis Mathews

Acrocephalus australis melvillensis Mathews, 1912d: 77 (Melville Island, Northern Territory).

Now Acrocephalus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1847). See Watson et al., 1986a: 69, and Schodde and Mason (1999: 700).

Holotype

AMNH 594413, adult sex ?, collected 10 mi southeast of Snake Bay, 11.22S, 130.38E (Times Atlas), Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 9 January 1912, by John P. Rogers (no. 2962). From the Mathews Collection (no. 11728) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In his original description, Mathews cited his catalog number as 11728; however, this was incorrectly copied as 11723 on his green type label and on the Rothschild type label. The entry opposite 11728 in the catalog is a single specimen of “Acrocephalus gouldi” with the correct data. This specimen also bears a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it was illustrated in Mathews (1922a: pl. 442, opp. p. 354, text pp. 355–356), where it is confirmed as the type of melvillensis. It is the only Melville Island specimen of A. orientalis that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection.

Tatare familiaris Rothschild

Tatare familiaris Rothschild, 1892: 109 (Laysan).

Now Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris (Rothschild, 1892). See Watson et al., 1986a: 70, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 628.

Lectotype

AMNH 594841, adult male, collected on Laysan Island, Hawaii, on 18 June 1891, by Henry Palmer (no. 1092). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Rothschild did not designate a type nor did he say how many specimens he examined, although he described both male and female. Hartert (1920: 464) designated the specimen bearing Palmer's number 1092 as the type ( =  lectotype). There are six paralectotypes that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 594842 (Palmer no. 1072) male, 594843 (1086) male, 594844 (1091) male, 594845 (1095) female, 594846 (1088) female, and 594847 (1197) male on Palmer label, female on Rothschild label; all were collected in June 1891 by Henry Palmer.

This Laysan Island subspecies is now extinct.

Sylvia aequinoctialis Latham

Sylvia aequinoctialis Latham, 1790: 553 (Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean).

Now Acrocephalus aequinoctialis aequinoctialis (Latham, 1790). See Murphy and Mathews, 1929: 1, Watson et al., 1986a: 70, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 628–629, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Neotype

AMNH 190543, adult male, collected on Kiritimati ( =  Christmas) Island, 02.00N, 157.30W (Times Atlas), Line Islands, Republic of Kiribati, on 12 February 1921, by Rollo Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 541).

Comments

Murphy and Mathews (1929: 1–2) found it necessary to designate a neotype for Sylvia aequinoctialis Latham when they revised the “Conopoderas” warblers collected by the Whitney South Sea Expedition in Polynesia. They stated, “Although this warbler was named one hundred and forty years ago and has since been collected on two or more occasions, no specimen appears to have found its way into a natural history museum previous to the series obtained by Messrs. Beck and Quayle of the Whitney Expedition. The species proves to be of rather unexpected appearance, being of a gray and white cast and equally different from the yellow representatives of Conopoderas of the Marquesas and Society Groups on the one hand, and the brownish races of the Tuamotus on the other.” The locality given by Latham (1790: 553) was “Christi Natalis” ( =  Christmas Island in the Pacific Ocean).

Conopoderas caffra consobrina Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra consobrina Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 13 (Motane Island, Marquesas Group).

Acrocephalus mendanae consobrina (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 71, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007: 1161, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195481, adult male, collected on Mohotane ( =  Motane) Island, 10.00S, 140.33W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 22 November 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 6445).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. Murphy and Mathews based their description on “specimens from Motane collected in November 1922.” The following are paratypes: AMNH 195474–195480, 195482–195495, 195529, 195530, and 199965. AMNH 195474, 195493, and 199965 were exchanged with the Rothschild Collection and, when that collection was purchased by AMNH, were recataloged as AMNH 594910, 594912, and 594911, respectively; AMNH 195480 was exchanged with ZMB in July 1936. AMNH 195478, 195479, 195486, 195491, and 195494 are not now in AMNH and may have been exchanged with other institutions, although the catalog was not so marked.

Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) indicated that Acrocephalus populations in the Marquesas are polyphyletic. Their proposed classification included populations from the southern Marquesas in the species A. mendanae; Cibois et al. (2008) extended their study to include Acrocephalus populations in the Society Islands.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed consobrinus as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. He (Dickinson, corrigenda 2.1 for 2003: 585) then noted that the subspecific name consobrina is invariable and retains the spelling of the original description (ICZN, 1999: 38, Art. 31.2.1, and 1999: 44, Art. 34.2.1). In Latin, consobrina means “female cousin”; as a noun in apposition, it is therefore invariable.

Conopoderas caffra fatuhivae Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra fatuhivae Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 14 (Fatuhiva Island, Marquesas Group).

Now Acrocephalus mendanae fatuhivae (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 71, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195588, adult male, collected on Fatu Hiva Island, 10.27S, 138.39W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 30 November 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 6588).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. The description was based on “Specimens from Fatuhiva collected during November and December, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 195582–195587 and 195589–195611. Of these, AMNH 195586, 195603, and 195611 were exchanged with the Rothschild Collection, and when that collection was purchased by AMNH, they were recataloged as AMNH 594913, 594915, and 594914, respectively. AMNH 195599 was “Taken by Mr. Morden to Acad. Sci. Leningrad July 1929”. AMNH 195589, 195597, 195602, 195606, and 195610 are not now in the AMNH collection and may have been exchanged with other institutions, although the catalog is not so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed fatuhivae as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) indicated nonmonophyly among populations of Acrocephalus in the Marquesas. Their proposed classification includes fatuhivae in the species A. mendanae.

Conopoderas caffra idae Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra idae Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 15 (Huahuna Island, Marquesas Group).

Now Acrocephalus percernis idae (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 71, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195504, adult male, collected on Ua Huka ( =  Huahuna) Island, 08.55S, 139.32W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 9 November 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 5984).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description, and the type series included only “Specimens from Huahuna collected during November, 1922”, thus excluding specimens collected in October 1921. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 195496–195503 and 195505–195528. Of these, AMNH 195503 and 195509 were exchanged with the Rothschild Collection; when this collection was purchased by AMNH, the specimens were renumbered AMNH 594917 and 594916, respectively. AMNH 195506 was exchanged to the ZMB in July 1936. I did not find AMNH 195496, 195505, 195510, 195511, or 195519 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed idae as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) have indicated nonmonophyly of southern and northern Marquesan populations of Acrocephalus, and their proposed classification included the Ua Huka population in the species A. percernis.

Conopoderas caffra dido Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra dido Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 16 (Huapu Island, Marquesas Group).

Now Acrocephalus mendanae dido (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 71, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 190460, adult male, collected on Ua Pou ( =  Huapu) Island, 09.25S, 140.00W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 3 October 1921, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 1514).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Huapu collected during October, 1921 and September and November, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 190461–190465 and 195421–195453. Of these, AMNH 190465, 195431, 195433, and 195449 were exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when AMNH purchased that collection, they were renumbered 594923, 594921, 594920, and 594922, respectively. I did not find AMNH 195426, 195428, 195429, 195438, and 195445 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed dido as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) showed that Marquesan populations of Acrocephalus were polyphyletic. Their proposed classification included dido in Acrocephalus mendanae.

Conopoderas caffra aquilonis Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra aquilonis Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 17 (Eiao Island, Marquesas Group).

Now Acrocephalus percernis aquilonis (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 72, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195357, adult male, collected on Eiao Island, 08.00S, 140.40W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 2 October 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 5277).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Eiao collected during September and October, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 195358–195394 and 221834. Of these, AMNH 195374, 195380, and 195383 had been exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when AMNH purchased that collection, they were renumbered AMNH 594924, 594926, and 594925, respectively. AMNH 195367 was exchanged to ZMB in July 1936. I did not find AMNH 195364, 195368, 195378, 195379, 195385, and 195388 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed aquilonis as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) showed that populations from the northern Marquesas comprised an independent lineage; their proposed classification included aquilonis from Eiao in the species A. percernis.

Conopoderas caffra postrema Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas caffra postrema Murphy and Mathews, 1928: 17 (Hatutu Island, Marquesas Group).

Now Acrocephalus percernis postremus (Murphy and Mathews, 1928). See Watson et al., 1986a: 72, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 630, Cibois et al., 2007, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195395, adult male, collected on Hatuta'a ( =  Hatutu) Island, 07.56S, 140.33W (Times Atlas), Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, on 27 September 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 5184).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Hatutu collected during September and October, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 195396–195420. Of these, AMNH 195397 and 195418 had been exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when AMNH purchased that collection, they were renumbered AMNH 594928 and 594929, respectively. I did not find AMNH 195402, 195406, and 195414 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed postremus as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments. Recent mtDNA studies by Cibois et al. (2007) included postremus in the northern Marquesas lineage of Acrocephalus, species A. percernis in their proposed classification.

Conopoderas atypha palmarum Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas atypha palmarum Murphy and Mathews, 1929: 12 (Anaa Island, Tuamotus).

Now Acrocephalus atyphus palmarum (Murphy and Mathews, 1929). See Watson et al., 1986a: 72, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 629, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 190439, adult male, collected on Anaa Island, 17.25S, 145.30W (Times Atlas), Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, on 21 October 1921, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 1720).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Anaa, collected during October, 1921”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 190437, 190438, 190440–190447. Of these, AMNH 190447 had been exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when this collection was purchased by AMNH, it was renumbered AMNH 594970. AMNH 190446 was exchanged to NRM on 14 June 1929. I did not find AMNH 190438 and 190444 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed palmarum as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments.

Conopoderas atypha niauensis Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas atypha niauensis Murphy and Mathews, 1929: 13 (Niau Island, Tuamotus).

Now Acrocephalus atyphus niauensis (Murphy and Mathews, 1929). See Watson et al., 1986a: 72, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 629, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 199952, adult male, collected on Niau Island, 16.09S, 146.20W (Times Atlas), Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, on 13 September 1921, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 1329).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description and measurements were given for 17 males and 3 females. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Niau, collected during September, 1921, and August, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 190427–190436 and 195613–195621. Of these, AMNH 190430 and 195617 had been exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when that collection was purchased by AMNH, they were renumbered 594971 and 594972, respectively. AMNH 195616 was exchanged to CM on 15 June 1929 and AMNH 195618 to NRM on 14 June 1929. I did not find AMNH 190432 and 195620 in the collection, and these may have been exchanged with other institutions without the catalog having been so marked.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed niauensis as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments.

Conopoderas atypha flavida Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas atypha flavida Murphy and Mathews, 1929: 16 (Napuka Island, Tuamotus).

Now Acrocephalus atyphus flavidus (Murphy and Mathews, 1929). See Watson et al., 1986a: 73, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 629, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 195802, adult male, collected on Napuka Island, 14.05S, 141.20W (Times Atlas), Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, on 11 December 1922, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 6736).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Napuka collected during December, 1922”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 195803–195805. AMNH 195803 was exchanged to the DMNH.

Dickinson (2003: 585) listed flavidus as a subspecies of A. caffer and referenced other treatments.

Conopoderas vaughani rimitarae Murphy and Mathews

Conopoderas vaughani rimitarae Murphy and Mathews, 1929: 20 (Rimitara Island, Austral Group).

Now Acrocephalus rimitarae (Murphy and Mathews, 1929). See Graves, 1992: 37–40, del Hoyo et al., 2006: 629–630, and Cibois et al., 2008.

Holotype

AMNH 190503, adult male, collected on Rimatara ( =  Rimitara) Island, 22.40S, 152.45W (Times Atlas), Tubuai ( =  Austral) Islands, French Polynesia, on 29 March 1921, by Ernest H. Quayle on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 841).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description. The type series was said to include “Specimens from Rimitara, collected during March and April, 1921”. The following specimens are paratypes: AMNH 190494–190538 (including 190533bis), 199955, and 836179–836188. Of these, AMNH 190509, 190529, 190530, and 190536 had been exchanged to the Rothschild Collection, and when AMNH purchased that collection, they were renumbered AMNH 594984, 594987, 594985, and 594586 respectively. AMNH 190498 was exchanged to CM on 15 June 1929, AMNH 190510 and 190514 to ZMB in July 1936, and 190519 to NRM on 14 June 1929. I did not find AMNH 190516 and 190533 in the collection, and they may have been exchanged to another institution without the catalog having been so marked.

Calamocichla ansorgei Hartert

Calamocichla ansorgei Hartert, 1906c: 52 (Durque de Braganza, in Northern Angola).

Now Acrocephalus rufescens ansorgei (189190Hartert, 1906). See Watson et al., 1986a: 74, Urban et al., 1997: 119, and Dean, 2000: 223.

Holotype

AMNH 598502, adult male, collected at Duque de Braganza ( =  Durque de Braganza), now Calandula, 09.06S, 15.53E (Dean, 2000: 370), Angola, on 2 August 1903, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 850). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Ansorge's field number for the holotype in the original description and noted that he collected a single male.

Calamocichla cunenensis Hartert

Calamocichla cunenensis Hartert, 1903c: 62 (Cunene River).

Now Acrocephalus gracilirostris cunenensis (176177178179Hartert, 1903). See Watson et al., 1986a: 76, Urban et al., 1997: 121, and Dean, 2000: 223.

Holotype

AMNH 598555, adult unsexed, labeled as collected on the Cunene River, Angola (but see below), on 3 April 1880, by Axel W. Eriksson. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert's description was based on Eriksson's single specimen. The number “741”, cited by Hartert in the original description, appears on Eriksson's label, but in quite different ink and hand. Rothschild's partial list of acquisitions, in the Department of Ornithology Archives, is annotated on 15 April 1902: “recd from Marsden S. African skins (Ericsson coll). 720 skins”. The number “741” may be a number given this specimen by Marsden; the Rothschild Collection had no catalog. In his list of Rothschild Collection types, Hartert (1920: 464) noted that the specimen probably came from south of the Cunene River; however, Chapin's notes indicate that it may have been from east or north of the Cunene River. W.R.J. Dean's (personal commun.) studies indicate that if the Cunene River is the correct locality, then this specimen was probably collected by Eriksson's assistant; if the date is correct, then it was collected at Omaruru. On the original label, the date is written “3/4 1880” and was interpreted as 3 April by Hartert in the original description. While it is possible to interpret this as March/April 1880, a spot-check of other specimens collected by Eriksson indicated that he routinely wrote the date in this manner with the day first, followed by the month, including AMNH 595052 Hippolias i. icterina collected at Omaruru on “19/3 1880”. I am inclined to accept the date as correct and the collecting locality as Omaruru, 21.26S, 15.56E (Dean et al., 2006: 171), Namibia.

Calamocichla zuluensis Neumann

Calamocichla zuluensis Neumann, 1908c: 96 (Eschowe, Zululand).

Now Acrocephalus gracilirostris gracilirostris (Hartlaub, 1864). See Urban et al., 1997: 121.

Holotype

AMNH 598553, adult [female], collected at Eshowe ( =  Eschowe), 28.54S, 31.28E (Times Atlas), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from the R.B. and J.D.S. Woodward Collection (no. 15). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann noted that all of the types of forms described in the above paper were in the Rothschild Collection and that the type was a female from Eschowe. He probably based the sex on its smaller measurements (given in the description), as it is unsexed on the original label. In Hartert's (1920: 464) list of Rothschild types, he listed it only as an adult. AMNH 598553 is the only specimen of this form that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. Sharpe (1897, and Sharpe et al., 1897) reported on the Woodward Collection and listed (Sharpe, 1897: 505) “No. 15. One adult from Eschowe” as Acrocephalus baeticus. This specimen was acquired by Rothschild and is the holotype listed above.

An adult male “collected by C.H.B. Grant in the Inhambane District on the 29th of June, 1906”, and listed by Neumann (1908c: 96) in the original description as being a specimen of C. zuluensis and in the BMNH, is a paratype. It may or may not be the male for which measurements are given. Dean (personal commun.) has told me that on the above date Grant was collecting at Coguno (24.23S, 23.33E) and that he (Dean) was unable to find this specimen in BMNH in 2003.

The Woodwards (Sharpe et al., 1897: 408) described their collecting locality at Eschowe.

Hypolais Arigonis A.E. Brehm

Hypolais Arigonis A.E. Brehm, 1857: 467 (Játiva de San Felipe).

Now Hippolais opaca Cabanis, 1850. See Hartert, 1918a: 31, Watson et al., 1986a: 79, Svensson, 2001: 198–199, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 636.

Lectotype

AMNH 455227, adult male, collected at Játiva, 39.00N, 00.32W (Times Atlas), Spain, on 3 July 1856, by A.E. Brehm. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, A.E. Brehm did not designate a type; Hartert (1918a: 31) designated the specimen bearing the unique date of 3 July 1856 as the lectotype. There are six paralectotypes, AMNH 455228–455233, collected by A.E. Brehm in Játiva in 1855 and 1856 and labeled arigonis by C.L. Brehm.

Urban et al. (1997: 130) treated opaca as a subspecies of H. pallida, but studies by Helbig and Seibold (1999) on the phylogenetic relationships among reed warblers suggested (Helbig and Seibold, 1999: 258) a revised classification. For this taxon they retained the genus Hippolais, subgenus Iduna, superspecies pallida, allospecies opaca. Dickinson (2003: 586) listed it as Iduna pallida opaca.

Chloropeta natalensis major Hartert

Chloropeta natalensis major Hartert, 1904b: 73 (Canhoca).

Now Chloropeta natalensis major 181182Hartert, 1904. See Urban et al., 1997: 124, and Dean, 2000: 224.

Holotype

AMNH 608895, adult male, collected at Canhoca, 09.15S, 14.41E (Dean, 2000: 342), Angola, on 23 December 1903, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 1545). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert cited Ansorge's field number of the holotype. There are four paratypes, AMNH 608896, 608898, 608899, and 608900, collected by Ansorge in Angola in May, June, and July 1903. AMNH 608897 is not a paratype, as it was collected in August 1908 after the description was published.

Chloropeta gracilirostris bensoni Amadon

Chloropeta gracilirostris bensoni Amadon, 1954: 141 (mouth of River Luapula, Lake Mweru, Northern Rhodesia (9°23′S, 28°30′E)).

Now Chloropeta gracilirostris bensoni Amadon, 1954. See Urban et al., 1997: 128.

Holotype

AMNH 708881, adult male, collected at the mouth of the Luapula River on Lake Mweru (09.23S, 28.30E, as given in the original description), Zambia, on 20 September 1953, by C.W. Benson (no. 2078).

Comments

The AMNH number of the holotype was given in the original description. The description was based on six specimens, including the holotype, collected by Benson in the same locality and three specimens collected by H. Brédo at Nkole, near the southern end of Lake Moero ( =  L. Mweru) in January 1938 and examined by Chapin in RMCA (see Chapin, 1953b: 450–452). One paratype is AMNH 708882, female, presented to AMNH by Benson along with the holotype. The three specimens in RMCA are also paratypes (Louette et al., 2002: 42), and the other four paratypes collected by Benson are probably in BMNH.

Cisticola lateralis vincenti Chapin

Cisticola lateralis vincenti Chapin, 1953a: 84 (160 kilometers west of Baraka, Lake Tanganyika, Belgian Congo).

Now Cisticola lateralis modestus (Bocage, 1880). See Urban et al., 1997: 145–146.

Holotype

AMNH 593409, adult male, collected 160 km west of Baraka, 04.09S, 29.05E (Times Atlas), Lake Tanganyika, Congo (Kinshasa), on 16 January 1908, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 4090). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Chapin noted that the type bore the above data. His type series comprised another adult male from the same locality: AMNH 593408, collected on 13 January 1909; two subadult males from Duque de Bragança (AMNH 593413 and 593414); an adult male from Bango (AMNH 593415); and six males and three females from Luluabourg. Only four males and three females from Luluabourg were cataloged at AMNH: AMNH 258364–258370; the whereabouts of the other two males are not known. All of these specimens are paratypes. AMNH 600045, collected at Duque de Bragança, was originally identified as Prinia ansorgei and would not have been included in Chapin's type series.

Cisticola chubbi marungensis Chapin

Cisticola chubbi marungensis Chapin, 1932: 6 (Ketendwe, 6050 feet, Marungu highland, Belgian Congo).

Now Cisticola chubbi marungensis Chapin, 1932. See Urban et al., 1997: 151.

Holotype

AMNH 289577, adult male, collected at Ketendwe, 6050 ft, 07.32S, 29.47E (Chapin, 1954: 678), Marungu highland, Congo (Kinshasa), on 23 February 1929, by J. Sterling Rockefeller, Charles B.G. Murphy, and Allan L. Moses on the Tanganyika Expedition (no. 237).

Comments

Chapin cited the AMNH number in the original description. Paratypes include an adult male, two adult females, and an immature female, not mentioned by Chapin but collected at the same time: AMNH 289578–289581.

Cisticola neumanni Hartert

Cisticola neumanni Hartert, 1901c: 13 (Mount Kenya).

Now Cisticola hunteri Shelley, 1889. See Lynes, 1930: 336–344, 651, and Urban et al., 1997: 153–154.

Holotype

AMNH 593580, [unsexed immature], collected at Camp 20, western slope of Mount Kenya, 10,000 ft, 00.10S, 37.19E (Times Atlas), on 27 August 1899, by H.J. Makinder (no. 46). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Makinder's “no. 46” for the holotype in the original description but no date of collection; in his later listing of Rothschild types, he (Hartert, 1920: 465) incorrectly gave the collecting date as 7 August 1899. On the field label and in his own clear hand, the collector wrote the date as “27 August 1899” and his name as “H.J. Makinder”; Hartert spelled it “Mackinder”. No other specimens from Mt. Kenya came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection.

V.G.L. van Someren (1922: 216) called attention to the immature condition of the holotype.

Cisticola hunteri immaculata van Someren

Cisticola hunteri masaba Lynes

Cisticola hunteri immaculata van Someren, 1922: 216 (Bumasifa, Mt. Elgon).

Now Cisticola hunteri Shelley, 1889. See Lynes, 1930: 336–344, 637, and Urban et al., 1997: 153–154.

Holotype

AMNH 593607, adult male, collected at Bumasifwa ( =  Bumasifa), 01.11N, 34.22E (Polhill, 1988: 29), Mount Elgon, Uganda, on 24 March 1916, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren designated as the type a specimen in the Rothschild Collection bearing the above data. AMNH 593607 is the only van Someren specimen of this taxon that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. He listed a type series of two males (probably including the holotype), two females, and one juvenile.

Lynes (1930: 343) noted that C. h. immaculata was preoccupied by Hemipteryx immaculata Hartlaub, 1866  =  Cisticola ayresii, and he renamed it C. h. masaba. Both names are now in the synonymy of monotypic C. hunteri (Watson et al., 1986a: 91). Apparently Hartert overlooked van Someren's name in his lists of types in the Rothschild Collection, but the specimen does bear a Rothschild type label and the van Someren label is marked “Subsp. nov.” in his hand. The two female paratypes are in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 47).

Cisticola chiniana ukamba Lynes

Cisticola chiniana ukamba Lynes, 1930: 670 (Masongaleni, Ukamba Distr., Kenya Col.).

Now Cisticola chiniana ukamba Lynes, 1930. See Parkes, 1987, and Urban et al., 1997: 159.

Holotype

AMNH 593298, adult male, collected at Masongaleni, 02.29S, 38.03E (Polhill, 1988: 221), Kenya, on 11 August 1918, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Contra Watson et al. (1986a: 94), van Someren (1922: 210) did not name his birds semifasciata. He incorrectly identified them as Cisticola semifasciata Reichenow, and Lynes (1930: 670), finding that they were without a name, supplied Cisticola chiniana ukamba, designating as type the above specimen and noting that it was in the Rothschild Collection. There are four male specimens from Masongaleni collected on 11 August; however, my measurements of AMNH 593298 match measurements of wing 66 mm and tail 57 mm, which were given in the original description. My measurements of the other three specimens are: AMNH 593299, 67 mm, tail partly missing; AMNH 593300, 64 mm and 56 mm; AMNH 593301, 65 mm and 60.5 mm. AMNH 593298 bears van Someren's field label, a Rothschld Collection label, and a blank BMNH type label, filled in by Lynes. It is undoubtedly the specimen he intended as the holotype; the specimen was never in BMNH. It is figured in pl. 10 of Lynes (1930), but the color shown is much too brown. The type was not listed in Hartert's type lists, as the name was published after the last of Hartert's lists of types in Rothschild's general collection. Subsequent type lists prepared by Hartert dealt with the Mathews Collection.

Lynes (1930: 269) listed as part of his type series 24 specimens (including the type) that he examined in the Rothschild Collection, collected by Ansorge, V.G.L. van Someren, and N. van Someren; these 23 paratypes are now AMNH 593285–593297 and 593299–593308. Of these, I did not find the Ansorge specimen, AMNH 593285, in the collection. Other paratypes listed in the original description are in other collections, including RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 45).

Cisticola chiniana victoria Lynes

Cisticola chiniana victoria Lynes, 1930: 264, 671 (Kisumu, Victoria Nyanza).

Now Cisticola chiniana victoria Lynes, 1930. See Parkes, 1987, and Urban et al., 1997: 159.

Holotype

AMNH 593267, adult male, collected at Kisumu, 00.03S, 34.47E (Times Atlas), Kenya, on 13 December 1916, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

van Someren (1922: 210) had identified his specimens as C. fischeri Reichenow. Lynes (1930: 264, 671) found this identification to be incorrect and the specimens were left without a name. He supplied the name Cisticola chiniana victoria, designated as the type a male collected at Kisumu on 13 December 1916 by van Someren, and noted that it was in the Rothschild Collection. That specimen, now AMNH 593267, is the only Kisumu specimen collected on 13 December 1916 that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. As in the taxon above, this specimen bears a van Someren label, a Rothschild Collection label, and a blank BMNH type label, which has been filled in by Lynes. For the same reason as previously, it was not listed as a type by Hartert.

Lynes (1930: 265) noted that, as part of his type series, he had examined 22 specimens (including the type) in the Rothschild Museum, collected by Emin, V.G.L.van Someren, Cook and Turner (for Meinertzhagen); the 21 paratypes are: 593261–593266, 593268–593281, and 593284. Other paratypes listed by Lynes are in other institutions, including two in RMCA listed by Louette et al. (2002: 46).

Cisticola fortis Lynes

Cisticola fortis Lynes, 1930: 321 (Pedreira, Bihe District, Angola).

Now Cisticola chiniana fortis Lynes, 1930. See Parkes, 1987, Urban et al., 1997: 162, and Dean, 2000: 226–227.

Holotype

AMNH 593512, adult male, collected at Cuquema ( =  Pedreira), 12.29S, 16.49E (Dean, 2000: 376), Bié, Angola, on 5 November 1904, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 520). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Lynes, in his original description, designated as the type “an adult male in fresh Summer dress collected by Dr. Ansorge, 5 November 1904, at Pedreira, Bihe District, Angola” and said that it was in the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 593512 is the only Rothschild Collection specimen that bears those data. It has, in addition to Ansorge's field label and a Rothschild Museum label, a blank British Museum type label that has been noted by Lynes “propose for Summer Type of Cisticola fortis”; someone has marked out “Summer”.

A second specimen, AMNH 593510, an adult male in winter plumage, collected at N'Gungo, Angola, on 30 July 1901, by C.H. Pemberton, also bears a blank British Museum type label, annotated by Lynes “propose for Winter Type of Cisticola fortis”. To this someone has added “Co-” in front of “Type”. While Lynes (1930: 323, pl. 11, fig. 47) did describe the winter plumage of the adult male, there is no evidence that he intended to confer type status. He did, in fact, attribute the type specimen pictured in plate 11, figure 47 to Pemberton, but that is an error, as the data given for the specimen are those of the holotype collected by Ansorge. Because AMNH 593510 bears a type label, it has been retained in the type collection, but a label has been added to indicate the error.

Lynes (1930: 324) listed his type series, 14 of which, including the holotype, were collected by Ansorge, Pemberton, Callewaerts, Bohndorff, and Grauer and were held in the Rothschild Collection. The 13 paratypes, now in AMNH, are 593510, 593511, and 593513–593523. Other paratypes are in other collections, including 10 in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 46–47).

Cisticola floweri Hartert

Cisticola floweri Hartert, 1910d: 12 (Sennaar and Barankwa on the Blue Nile).

Now Cisticola ruficeps scotoptera (Sundevall, 1850). See Hartert, 1920: 465, Lynes, 1930: 632, 662, and Urban et al., 1997: 188.

Holotype

AMNH 594322, unsexed adult, collected at Sennaar, 13.31N, 33.38E (Times Atlas), Sudan, 28 July 1909, by S.S. Flower (no. S.F. 870). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Flower's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. He did not say how many specimens he examined, but because he only mentioned the two localities in the original description, I have considered AMNH 594523, the Barankwa specimen labeled Cisticola floweri by Hartert, the only paratype. AMNH 594324, collected by Flower in September 1907 at Roseirea, was originally identified as S. erythrogenys and later identified as Cisticola ruficeps scotoptera juvenile. I have not considered this a paratype. I have no way of knowing when two specimens collected by Butler at Gedaref in 1901 came into Rothschild's possession, but they were never labeled C. floweri by Hartert nor was the locality mentioned, and I have not considered them paratypes. They are the two specimens annotated by O. Neumann as being like the “types of ruficeps” (Hartert, 1920: 465) and are AMNH 594320 and 594321. AMNH 594320 also bears two large green labels affixed by Lynes, on which the director of the Franfurt Museum commented that the specimen was very similar to the type of C. ruficeps scotoptera, held in that institution.

Cisticola ansorgei Neumann

Cisticola ansorgei Neumann, 1906b: 114 (Caconda).

Now Cisticola rufilatus ansorgei 440Neumann, 1906. See Lynes, 1930: 238–240, Urban et al., 1997: 168, and Dean, 2000: 227.

Holotype

AMNH 593189, adult male, collected at Caconda, 13.43S, 15.05E (Dean, 2000: 371), Angola, on 7 (not 2) September 1904, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 893). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Neumann gave the collecting date of the type as 2 September, but Hartert (1920: 466) has already called attention to this error; it is the only Caconda male collected in September 1904, is marked “Typus” by Neumann, and bears a Rothschild type label. Neumann (1906b: 114) examined a series of 18 specimens (including the holotype). The 17 paratypes are AMNH 593190–593206; I did not find AMNH 593205 in the collection. The range was given as Benguela; two specimens collected in July 1906 in Mossamedes by Ansorge are not considered paratypes.

Cisticola distincta Lynes

Cisticola distincta Lynes, 1930: 240 (Kidong Valley, Kenya Colony).

Now Cisticola lais distinctus Lynes, 1930. See Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire, 1993: 359, and Urban et al., 1997: 171.

Holotype

AMNH 263393, adult male, collected on a rocky hill north of Quarantine Station in the Kedong ( =  Kidong) Valley, 01.04S, 36.23E (Chapin, 1954: 679), Kenya, 1 June 1926, by Frank P. Mathews and James P. Chapin, on the Ruwenzori-Kivu Expedition (no. 408).

Comments

Lynes cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description and listed (Lynes, 1930: 243) his type series, only one specimen of which, in addition to the holotype, is in AMNH: paratype AMNH 263394, adult female from the same locality.

Cisticola blanfordi sobatensis Neumann

Cisticola blanfordi sobatensis Neumann, 1904a: 164 (Diek am Akobo).

Now Cisticola marginatus marginatus (Heuglin, 1869). See Hartert, 1920: 466, Lynes, 1930: 380–381, 389–390, 620, Urban et al., 1997: 173–174, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 449–450.

Lectotype

AMNH 593734, adult male, collected at Diek, 07.47N, 33.03E (R. Dowsett, personal commun.), Akobo River, Sudan, on 28 May 1901, by Oscar Neumann (no. 1255). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Neumann designated as type a male collected at Diek on the Akobo River on 28 May 1901. Both specimens that he collected at that locality have the same data. Neumann (1906a: 270) listed his number 1255 as the type, thus designating it the lectotype. The second specimen, and the only other one from Sudan that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection, is a paralectotype: AMNH 593735 (Neumann no. 1254). Neumann (1906a: 270) listed a third specimen collected at Tädo am Akobo on 23 May 1901 (Neumann no. 1241), and that specimen would also be a paralectotype.

Neumann's field number was incorrectly copied onto the Rothschild type label as “1253”; his number “1255” as cited above is the correct number.

Cisticola erythrogenys djamdjamensis Neumann

Cisticola erythrogenys djamdjamensis Neumann, 1904a: 163 (Abera in Djamdjam, 3100 m).

Now Cisticola lugubris (Rüppell, 1840). See Hartert, 1920: 466, Lynes, 1930: 380–381, 385–388, 628, Urban et al., 1997: 174, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 450.

Holotype

AMNH 593717, adult female, collected at Abera, 3100 m, 06.27N, 38.28E (USBGN, 1982b), Ethiopia, on 16 December 1900, by Oscar Neumann (no. 429). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Neumann noted that he had collected a female and a male juvenile and designated the female as the type. Neumann (1906a: 269) listed these two specimens and noted that the specimen he had previously considered a juvenile male was possibly a female. The paratype is AMNH 593718 (Neumann no. 428) with the same locality and date.

Cisticola carruthersi kavirondensis van Someren

Cisticola carruthersi kavirondensis van Someren, 1922: 214 (Kisumu Swamp).

Now Cisticola carruthersi 464Ogilvie-Grant, 1909. See Hartert, 1928: 215, Lynes, 1930: 408–410, 641, Urban et al., 1997: 179–180.

Holotype

AMNH 593818, adult male, collected in the Kisumu swamp, Kenya, 2 July 1912, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren said that the type with the above data was in the Rothschild Collection. AMNH 593818 is the only van Someren specimen of this form that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. The whereabouts of a male and a female paratype are not known.

These specimens were listed by van Someren (1916: 454) as C. lugubris. Kisumu is at 00.03S, 34.47E (Times Atlas).

Cisticola tinniens oreophila van Someren

Cisticola tinniens oreophila van Someren, 1922: 214 (Kenia).

Now Cisticola tinniens oreophilus van Someren, 1922. See Lynes, 1930: 554–555, 654, and Urban et al., 1997: 181.

Holotype

AMNH 594344, unsexed but published as a male, collected on Mount Kenya ( =  Kenia), 7000 ft, ca. 00.09S, 37.19E (Polhill, 1988), Kenya, on 12 February 1919, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was said to have been collected on 12 February 1919 and to be in the Rothschild Collection. Three specimens now in AMNH have labels stamped “Kenia. Feb./19, 7000 ft”. AMNH 594344 has had “12” added to the date; its label is marked “Type”, and it bears a Rothschild type label. No other specimens are from Mt. Kenya.

Of six males, four females, and two juveniles listed by van Someren, the following paratypes came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 594345, unsexed, Kenia, Feb. 1919; AMNH 594346, unsexed immature, Kenia, Feb. 1919; AMNH 594347, male, Naivasha hills, August, 1917; AMNH 594348, female, Kinangop, 18 June 1917; and AMNH 594349, female, “Burnt Forest”, 22 September 1918. The other two female paratypes are in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 49).

Cisticola tinniens perpulla Hartert

Cisticola tinniens perpulla Hartert, 1920: 466 (Bailundu country, Benguella).

Now Cisticola tinniens perpullus Hartert, 1920. See Lynes, 1930: 552–554, 655, Urban et al., 1997: 181, and Dean, 2000: 228.

Holotype

AMNH 594338, adult male, collected in Bailundo ( =  Bailundu) country, Benguela, Angola, on 18 August 1901, by C. Hubert Pemberton. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert's type of C. t. perpulla with the above data is the only Pemberton specimen that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. There are four paratypes, all Ansorge specimens: AMNH 594340, male juvenile, Quando River, 20 December 1904; AMNH 594341, male, and 594342, female, Bulu-bulu, 4 October 1904; and AMNH 594343, female, Cuanhangamma River, 17 September 1904.

Dean (2000: 369) placed Bailundo (Teixeira da Silva) at 12.12S, 15.52E.

Cisticola robusta schraderi Neumann

Cisticola robusta schraderi Neumann, 1906a: 265 (Senafe-Pass).

Now Cisticola robustus schraderi 440Neumann, 1906. See Lynes, 1930: 421–422, 661, and Urban et al., 1997: 183.

Holotype

AMNH 593842, male, collected at Senafe, 7500 ft, 14.43N, 39.26E (Times Atlas), Ethiopia, on 10 January 1903 (not 1902), by Gustav Schrader. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Two males in the Rothschild Collection comprised Neumann's type series. The male collected on 10 January 190[3] was designated the type in the original description. AMNH 593843, male, from Senafe, 7000 ft, collected on 31 December 1902 is the paratype.

Cisticola natalensis inexpectata Neumann

Cisticola natalensis inexpectata Neumann, 1906a: 268 (Abassi-See).

Now Cisticola natalensis inexpectatus 440Neumann, 1906. See Lynes, 1930: 447–448, 638, and Urban et al., 1997: 186.

Holotype

AMNH 593991, adult male, collected on Lake Abassi, 07.04N, 38.27E (Chapin, 1954: 639), Ethiopia, on 5 (not 4) December 1900, by Oscar Neumann (no. 352). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In his original description, Neumann cited his unique field number of the holotype, the original label of which bears both male and female symbols. Neumann (1906a: 268) listed two additional specimens, his numbers 98 and 99 from Badattino, now AMNH 593819 and 593821. These are paratypes of C. n. inexpectatus; however, Lynes (1930: 638) examined them and found them to be juvenile specimens of C. robustus robustus and noted the labels accordingly.

Cisticola simplicissima Neumann

Cisticola simplicissima Neumann, 1908e: 47 (Kukema River, Bihé, Angola).

Now Cisticola fulvicapilla dispar Sousa, 1887. See Lynes, 1930: 515–517, 663, Urban et al., 1997: 196, Dean, 2000: 230.

Holotype

AMNH 594251, male, collected on the Cuquema ( =  Kukema) River, Bié, Angola, on 8 December 1904, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 870). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann apparently had a single specimen when he named C. simplicissima. R. Dowsett (personal commun.) has suggested that Ansorge's collecting locality was probably near Pedreira, 12.29S, 16.49E (Dean, 2000: 376), as 4 days earlier he was at Caiala, 12.19S, 17.07E (Dean, 2000: 371).

Hartert (1920: 467) synonymized simplicissima with C. angusticauda; Lynes (1930: 663) considered the type of simplicissima to be an immature specimen and a synonym of C. fulvicapilla dispar. Labels written by Lynes and attached to this type and to an adult male, AMNH 594261, collected by Ansorge at Cassoc show that Lynes had compared AMNH 594251 with the Berlin type of C. angusticauda and did not agree with Hartert that they were the same. He had sent the Cassoc specimen to Lisbon. Comparison was made there with the type of Cisticola dispar Sousa, and the reply was that it was identical in color and measurements and had the same first primary width. Lynes found that angusticauda had longer, narrower tail feathers and a first primary that was shorter and more sharply pointed than in C. f. dispar. Comparison of more recently collected immatures of C. f. dispar with Neumann's type confirms Lynes' analysis.

Lynes frequently attached to specimens characteristic large light green labels on which he wrote helpful notes. The above type bears a green label, which reads: “For Dr. Hartert. This does not compare with TYPE of Cisticola angusticauda Rchw. wh. I have before me now ex Berlin Mus. I am sure about that. angusticauda is not with Cisticola it has v. long narrow tail feathers and other diffs. Of form. Especially it has a minute needle pointed first primary. I have told Dr. Stresemann of my view. Whether angusticauda should be with Apalis, Dryodromas, Euprinoides or what??? simplicissima Neum. seems to me very near true C. ruficapilla A. Smith. Cisticola- H. Lynes.”

A second white label by Lynes also appears on this specimen: “H. Lynes 18/1/26. The bird ex BM which you & Kinnear compared with TYPE angusticauda ex Berlin Mus. on 13/1/26 was I find a topotype of Bohm's from Gonda 150 m East of Lake Tanganyika rec. in exch. From Berlin. typ. loc. of angusticauda is KAKOMA (150 MILES e. of Lake Tanganyika. typ. loc. of simplicissima is KUKEMA River Angola!!”

Cisticola hypoxantha Hartlaub

Cisticola hypoxantha Hartlaub, 1881a: 624 (Magungo).

Now Cisticola brachypterus hypoxanthus 239Hartlaub, 1881. See Lynes, 1930: 474–476, 637, and Urban et al., 1997: 191.

Holotype

AMNH 594088, immature male, collected at Magungo, 02.15N, 31.30E (Chapin, 1954: 695), Lake Albert, Uganda, on 19 November 1879, by Emin Pasha ( =  Emin Bey) (no. 122). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartlaub said that he had a single specimen. Hartert (1920: 467) called attention to the immaturity of the type and noted that Hartlaub mistakenly gave the collecting date as December 11; the date on Emin's label is quite clearly 19.11.79. Watson et al. (1986a: 111) did not recognize C. b. hypoxanthus.

This form was listed as a new species in two different Hartlaub publications, both apparently published in April 1881. Duncan (1937: 73) gave April 1881 as the date of publication of part 4 of the 1880 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, which includes p. 624. Hartlaub's (1881b: 83–128) report on Emin's complete collection, where (Hartlaub, 1881b: 89) this taxon is listed as a new species, also appeared in April 1881, according to the contents page of the volume; the date “February 1881” that appears at the bottom of the first page of this article evidently refers to the date of the meeting at which the paper was read. However, Hartlaub (1881b: 89) there referred to the description in the Proceedings, including the page number. Hartlaub may therefore be considered the First Reviser (ICZN, 1999: 30, Art. 24.2.1). This is also in accordance with Recommendation 24B (ICZN, 1999: 31), as most attributions of authorship refer to publication in the Proceedings.

Cisticola cisticola neurotica Meinertzhagen

Cisticola cisticola neurotica Meinertzhagen, 1920: 25 (Sidon on the Syrian coast).

Now Cisticola juncidis neuroticus Meinertzhagen, 1920. See Lynes, 1930: 88–89, 651, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 458.

Holotype

AMNH 592592, adult male, collected at Säida ( =  Sidon), 33.32N, 35.22E (Times Atlas), Lebanon, on 30 October 1919, by Richard Meinertzhagen. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Meinertzhagen listed the type in the Rothschild Collection, citing the above data. He did not say how many specimens he examined, although he gave measurements for more than one. Only one paratype came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection: AMNH 592593, a male collected at Artuft on 1 November 1918. A specimen in the Rothschild Collection (now AMNH 592594) from Mesopotamia was excluded from the type series.

[Cisticola Juncidis constans Lynes]

Cisticola Juncidis constans Lynes, 1938: 167 (Lombasang (Lompo Batang) 1100 m, S. Celebes).

Now Cisticola juncidis constans Lynes, 1938. See White and Bruce, 1986: 351, and Coates et al., 1997: 439.

In the original description of this form, Lynes gave Heinrich's unique field number of the holotype and said that it was in AMNH; his type series comprised 20 Heinrich specimens (see Stresemann, 1940: 98–100) from southern Sulawesi Island (Lombasang, Oeroe and Lalolei), including the holotype. Lynes would have seen these specimens in Berlin, where Stresemann was still studying them. Heinrich's expedition was jointly sponsored by AMNH and ZMB, between which institutions the collection was to be divided, with types to come to AMNH (Stresemann, 1931c: 7). However, because of the outbreak of World War II, some of these specimens were not sent to AMNH, and the holotype and all of the paratypes of Cisticola juncidis constans remain in ZMB. The holotype is ZMB 46.187 (Heinrich's no. 5150) (S. Frahnert, personal commun., 2007).

Cisticola exilis normani Mathews

Cisticola exilis normani Mathews, 1914b: 98 (Norman River, Queensland).

Now Cisticola juncidis normani 324325Mathews, 1914. See Lynes, 1930: 101–102, 652, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 709–710.

Lectotype

AMNH 592728, unsexed, collected at Normanton, 17.40S, 141.05E (Times Atlas), Queensland, Australia, on 16 May 1914, by Robin Kemp (no. 4547). From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews listed the type of normani as from Norman River, but gave no further information. Lynes (1930: 652) listed as the type a specimen collected at Normanton on 16 May 1914 by Kemp and judged the specimen to be an immature male. AMNH 592728 is the only Kemp specimen of this form in AMNH that was collected on 16 May 1914, and thus Lynes' listing serves to designate it the lectotype of C. e. normani. It bears a Rothschild type label and a note in Mathews' hand on the back of Kemp's field label “Type C. e. normani”.

Mathews (1914b: 98) gave the range of normani as “Gulf of Carpentaria in Queensland to McArthur River in the Northern Territory”. All 17 specimens of this form, including the lectotype, listed as having been examined by Lynes (1930: 102) in the Rothschild Collection, came to AMNH. Fifteen specimens from Normanton are paralectotypes of normani: AMNH 592729–592743. AMNH 592729 and 592733 were exchanged to BMNH in March 1970. AMNH 592727, a specimen from Fitzroy Vale dated 24 February 1882, listed by Lynes as collected by Kemp, was, as pointed out by Schodde and Mason (1979: 49), collected in eastern coastal Queensland by Lumholtz. It is a paratype of Cisticola juncidis laveryi Schodde and Mason, 1979. Because C. exilis and C. juncidis had not been recognized as separate species when Mathews named normani, his specimens from Normanton and Glenore on the Norman River, included in C. exilis alexandrae by Lynes (1930: 197), are also paralectotypes of normani: AMNH 593116–593122. I did not find any Mathews specimens from the McArthur River. Northern Territory specimens of Cisticola exilis or C. juncidis in AMNH were either not Mathews specimens or were from farther west than the McArthur River.

Cisticola cisticola arabica Hartert

Cisticola cisticola arabica Hartert, 1917a: 458 (Hajeilah).

Now Cisticola juncidis uropygialis (Fraser, 1843). See Lynes, 1930: 102–104, 618, Watson et al., 1986a: 117, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 458.

Holotype

AMNH 592745, adult male, collected at Hujaylah ( =  Hajeilah), 2080 ft, 14.59N, 43.37E (USBGN, 1976b), Yemen, on 1 April 1913, by G. Wyman Bury (no. 583).

Comments

Hartert cited Bury's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. His type series comprised three specimens collected by Bury at Hajeilah and “others” from Lahej. Paratypes in AMNH are: AMNH 592744, male, and 592746, female, from Hajeilah collected by Bury, and AMNH 592747, male, and 592748, female, from Lahej collected by W. Dodson.

Bury's collection was first reported on by Sclater (1917), where birds of this form were listed as Cisticola cisticola aridula (Sclater, 1917: 156). Bury (in Sclater, 1917: 135) described Hajeilah as a “small township about 30 miles from Bajil, and 2080 feet above sea-level” in the foothills. Bājil is at 14.58N, 43.14E (Times Atlas).

Cisticola terrestris nakuruensis van Someren

Cisticola terrestris nakuruensis van Someren, 1922: 207 (Nakuru plains).

Now Cisticola brunnescens nakuruensis van Someren, 1922. See Lynes, 1930: 163–166, 650, and Urban et al., 1997: 211.

Lectotype

AMNH 592912, adult male, collected on the Nakuru plains, on 16 May 1918, from the V.G.L. van Someren Collection. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren noted that the type was a male from Nakuru plains collected on 16 May 1918, had the crown plain, and was in the Rothschild Collection. Of the specimens of nakuruensis that came to AMNH from Rothschild, five have the locality written as “Nakuru plains” in a hand different from that on all of the other labels of nakuruensis, which are labeled “Nakuru” in van Someren's hand. Of these five, three are female and two are male, all collected on 16 May 1918. Hartert (1928: 215) did not further distinguish between the two male specimens. Lynes (1930: 650) indicated a type and gave measurements of wing, 54 mm, and tail, 26 mm. My measurements of AMNH 592912 are identical to those of Lynes. Taking this into account with the fact that this specimen also bears a Rothschild type label and that the back of its field label is annotated “type of C. terr. nakuruensis”, I consider it to be the lectotype indicated by Lynes. AMNH 592921, the second male, now a paralectotype, measures wing 53 mm and tail 27 mm. In the original description, van Someren noted that specimens from Escarpment, Naivasha, Nakuru, and southern Kavirondo were included in nakuruensis; this would include all Rothschild specimens from those localities collected prior to February 1920 (the closing date of the manuscript; van Someren, 1922: 3), because van Someren worked in the Rothschild Collection while writing his paper. The following AMNH specimens are paralectotypes (with collectors' names in parentheses): males: AMNH 592907, Escarpment (Doherty); AMNH 592908, Nakuru (Turner for Meinertzhagen); AMNH 592909, Nakuru (J.P. Cook); AMNH 592913–592920, 592922–592925, Nakuru (van Someren); AMNH 592921, Nakuru plains (van Someren); females: AMNH 592880, Escarpment (Doherty); AMNH 592926–592928, Nakuru (van Someren); and 592929–592931, Nakuru plains (van Someren). Nakuru is at 00.17S, 36.04E (Polhill, 1988).

It is necessary to correct some of the information that I sent M. Louette (see Louette et al., 2002: 48) prior to my having investigated the type of nakuruensis in depth. As noted above, AMNH 592912 is the lectotype, having been so indicated by Lynes (1930: 650). There also have proven to be a great many more paralectotypes of nakuruensis than I had identified.

Cisticola terrestris mauensis van Someren

Cisticola terrestris mauensis van Someren, 1922: 207 (Mau).

Now Cisticola ayresii mauensis van Someren, 1922. See Lynes, 1930: 152–154, 646, and Urban et al., 1997: 214.

Holotype

AMNH 592869, adult male, collected at Mau, Kenya, on 18 January 1917, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren noted that the type was a male in the Rothschild Collection, collected at Mau on 18 January 1917. AMNH 592869 is the only specimen of this form with these data that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection; it bears a Rothschild type label and a small field label annotated “Type mauensis”. Nine specimens, including the holotype, were examined by van Someren. Six paratypes are now in AMNH: AMNH 592873 and 592875–592879; the other two paratypes are in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 48). Polhill (1988) gave the coordinates of the Mau Escarpment as ca. 00.35S, 36.03 E.

Cisticola exilis alexandrae Mathews

Cisticola exilis alexandrae Mathews, 1912a: 343 (Northern Territory (Alexandra)).

Now Cisticola exilis alexandrae 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Lynes, 1930: 195–197, 616, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 593112, adult female, collected at Alexandria ( =  Alexandra), 19.00S, 136.42E (Times Atlas), Northern Territory, Australia, on 24 July 1905, by Wilfred Stalker. From the Mathews Collection (no. 2139) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews gave his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. Lynes (1930: 616) questioned the July date, stating that while this specimen is in summer dress, other July birds are in winter dress. Whittell (1954: 680–681) reported that Stalker collected in the Alexandria area from January 1905 to January 1906. Ingram (1907: 407), in his report on this collection, listed only this single female, collected on 24 July 1905, and noted that it was markedly paler than other specimens of C. exilis, but he refrained from naming it as he had only the single specimen. A spot-check of specimens collected by Stalker, as listed by Ingram (1907), showed that the numbers on Stalker's specimens (in this case 552) refer to the number of that species in Mathews (1908a) and must have been added later. Therefore, it is not possible to confirm the date of collecting from numbers on Stalker's specimens.

Stalker was listed as William Stalker in Ingram (1907) and by Whittell (1954: 680–681); however, his given name was Wilfred (Ogilvie-Grant, 1915: vi).

Cisticola exilis parryi Mathews

Cisticola exilis parryi Mathews, 1912d: 77 (Parry's Creek, North-west Australia).

Now Cisticola exilis alexandrae 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Lynes, 1930: 195–197, 655, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 593091, adult male, collected on Parry Creek, 15.32S, 128.09E (USBGN, 1957b), 5 mi west of Trig. Station Headquarters, alt. 10 ft, East Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, on 29 January 1909, by John P. Rogers (no. 595). From the Mathews Collection (no. 2147) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. He did not indicate how many specimens he had, but he cataloged 11 Parry Creek specimens, including the type, all of which came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection. The 10 paratypes are: AMNH 593092–593101 (Mathews nos. 2140–2146, 2148–2150), all collected by Rogers between 9 November 1908 and 9 January 1909.

Cisticola exilis tormenti Mathews

Cisticola exilis tormenti Mathews, 1912d: 77 (Point Torment, North-west Australia).

Now Cisticola exilis alexandrae 312313314315316317Mathews, 1912. See Lynes, 1930: 195–197, 669, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 593102, adult female, collected at Point Torment, 17.01S, 123.35E (Johnstone and Storr, 2004: 512), King Sound, Western Australia, Australia, on 4 April 1911, by John P. Rogers (no. 1521). From the Mathews Collection (no. 8713) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number for the holotype in the original description. In addition to the Rogers label and Mathews and Rothschild type labels, the specimen bears a yellow “Figured” label, indicating that it served as the model for Mathews (1922a: pl. 443, top fig., opp. p. 364, text pp. 365–366), where the figured female is confirmed as the type of tormenti. Mathews did not say how many specimens he examined, but he cataloged three specimens in addition to the holotype from Point Torment. These paratypes are AMNH 593103–593105 (Mathews nos. 8712, 8714, and 8715).

Cisticola exilis melvillensis Mathews

Cisticola exilis melvillensis Mathews, 1912c: 43 (Melville Island, Northern Territory).

Now Cisticola exilis lineocapilla Gould, 1847. See Lynes, 1930: 194–195, 647, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 593040, adult male, collected at Coopers Camp, Apsley Strait, 11.35S, 130.28E (USBGN, 1957b), Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia, on 29 November 1911, by John P. Rogers (no. 2546). From the Mathews Collection (no. 11329) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description. He did not say how many specimens he examined, but he cataloged five specimens in addition to the holotype, all collected in 1911; they are paratypes AMNH 593041–593045 (Mathews nos. 11330–11334). There are two additional specimens collected at Coopers Camp on 7 March 1912, but I have not considered these paratypes as they apparently were not in Mathews' hand when he cataloged the above specimens on 20 March. Mathews description of melvillensis was published on 2 April 1912. Specimens collected east of Gordon Point, Melville Island, in May and June 1912 were collected after the publication date.

Cisticola exilis mixta Mathews

Cisticola exilis mixta Mathews, 1912a: 343 (Queensland).

Now Cisticola exilis exilis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Lynes, 1930: 188–192, 648, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711.

Holotype

AMNH 592980, female, collected on Bartle Frere, 17.23S, 145.49E (USBGN, 1957b), Queensland, Australia, on 19 May 1900, by E. Olive (no. 72). From the Mathews Collection (no. 5891) via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Mathews cited his catalog number of the holotype in the original description; he did not say how many specimens he examined but gave the range of the subspecies as Queensland. Four specimens from the Mathews Collection are considered paratypes: AMNH 592981 (Mathews no. 5892), male, collected on Bartle Frere on 19 May 1900 by E. Olive; AMNH 592986 (2151), male, AMNH 592987 (2152), male, and AMNH 592988 (2153), female, collected at Cairns in July 1908. Notes on the labels of the latter two specimens indicate that Lynes questioned the sex marked on the Mathews label. Mathews' description was published in January 1912, and two additional specimens collected at Cairns by G. Schraeder in June 1911 could have been in his possession when mixta was named, but I was unable to find them in the Mathews catalog. AMNH 592985 is a specimen taken at Cairns on 14 January 1885 by T.H. Bowyer-Bower (no. 66) and bears Mathews number 16860. This specimen was not cataloged until 15 May 1913 and was reported on later (Mathews, 1915c: 57). This specimen is not a paratype. Mathews (1942: 53) noted that the Bowyer-Bower collection was given to him by the collector's mother.

Mathews (1913a: 210) specified the type locality of mixta as Bartle Frere, the collecting locality of the holotype. Lynes considered mixta to be intermediate between C. e. exilis and C. e. diminutus but closer to exilis; Schodde and Mason (1999: 711) show Bartle Frere and Cairns within the range of diminutus.

Cisticola exilis exaggerata Mathews

Cisticola exilis exaggerata Mathews, 1922a: 373 (Southern Victoria, Tasmania (?), South Australia).

Now Cisticola exilis exilis (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). See Lynes, 1930: 188–192, 631, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Lectotype

AMNH 592961, adult male, collected at Carrum, 38.05S, 145.08E (USBGN, 1957b), Victoria, Australia, on 16 June 1912, by J.A. Ross for T.M. Tregellas. From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, no type was mentioned nor did Mathews say how many specimens he had. AMNH 592961 bears a BMNH type label, but it was never in BMNH. The type label was filled in by Lynes: “Type of Cisticola exilis exaggerata Mathews. B. of Austr. IX p. 373. Marked by G.M.M. himself on 21 Sept. 1926. HL.” By listing this unique specimen as the type, Lynes (1930: 631) designated it the lectotype. Tregellas' original label bears the following note on the reverse: “After much trouble, this specimen was obtained for me by J.A. Ross in the Carrum Swamp, where they inhabit the rushy bottom. Non-migrant. Scarce.” On the front of this label appears “Type of exaggerata” in Mathews' hand and the number “552”, which is the number of Cisticola exilis in Mathews (1908a).

In the original description, the type locality was given as a range. No Mathews specimens from Tasmania came to AMNH. A single South Australian specimen had belonged to Mathews, AMNH 592960 (Mathews no. 11638) from Scheutze's Landing, Murray River, collected on 10 January 1912. Mathews obtained the specimen from Ashby and cataloged it on 4 April 1912. It is a paralectotype.

There are four additional Victoria specimens of Cisticola exilis from the Mathews Collection, AMNH 592965–592968, all collected on 22 or 23 April 1908. AMNH 592967 has the usual Tregellas label and the other three have small field labels with data in what appears to be Tregellas' hand, although two of them are said to have come from the Coles Collection. I did not find them in the Mathews catalog and do not know when they came into Mathews' possession, but because the description of exaggerata was not published until 1922, they probably also should be considered paralectotypes.

Cisticola exilis diminuta Mathews

Cisticola exilis diminuta Mathews, 1922a: 373 (Cape York, N.Q., North Queensland).

Now Cisticola exilis diminutus 345346Mathews, 1922. See Lynes, 1930: 192–195, 627, and Schodde and Mason, 1999: 711–712.

Holotype

AMNH 592990, adult female, collected at Patison Creek, Cape York, Queensland, Australia, on 8 November 1912, by Robin Kemp (no. 1910). From the Mathews Collection via the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Mathews did not designate a type or say how many specimens he had. He did, however, list Cape York, North Queensland, as the range. As in the previous form, Lynes has attached a blank BMNH type label and written on it “? type of C. exilis diminuta Mathews. B. Austr. IX p. 373 typ loc. C. York. It is his only one from C. York.” The “?” has been marked out and “yes” written on the label. This is the only northern Queensland specimen from the Mathews Collection that came to AMNH with the Rothschild Collection; it has “Type of diminuta” on the reverse of the Kemp label in Mathews' hand. Should there be any question of its status as a holotype, then Lynes (1930: 627) having listed it as the type would serve as lectotypification.

Cisticola exilis polionota Mayr

Cisticola exilis polionota Mayr, 1934a: 14 (Baining District, New Britain).

Now Cisticola exilis polionotus 375Mayr, 1934. See Coates, 1990: 86–88, Mayr and Diamond, 2001: 391, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 465.

Holotype

AMNH 332816, adult male, collected at Latromat, Baining area, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, on 21 June 1932, by William F. Coultas on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 42905).

Comments

Mayr cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. He (Mayr, 1934a:1) noted that he had studied specimens collected by Coultas in New Britain in 1932 and 1933; these specimens are from Blanche Bay and the Baining area (AMNH 332812–332820, 333405–333414, 334408, and 334409) and from Tol Plantation, Wide Bay (AMNH 334393–334407). Also available to Mayr at this time were specimens collected in Rabaul by Rollo Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition in 1928: AMNH 223937–223949. All of these specimens are paratypes.

Coultas' unpublished journal (Archives, AMNH Dept. of Ornithology) records that on 21 June the expedition was in its base camp at Latromat, where cisticolas were collected. From Coultas' sketch map, Latromat is just south and west of Malabunga, 04.25S, 152.05E (Papua New Guinea, 1984).

Suya waterstradti Hartert

Suya waterstradti Hartert, 1902: 568 (Gunong Tahan).

Now Prinia atrogularis waterstradti (Hartert, 1902). See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 430.

Holotype

AMNH 598322, adult male, collected on Gunong Tahan, 5000–7000 ft, 04.38N, 102.14E (BirdLife International, 2001: 2632), Malaysia, in October 1901, by Johannes Waterstradt. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Waterstradt collected a single specimen of this form.

Prinia hodgsonii pallidior Koelz

Prinia hodgsonii pallidior Koelz, 1950: 8 (Sihor, Kathiawar, India).

Now Prinia hodgsonii hodgsonii Blyth, 1844. See Watson et al., 1986a: 135, and Rasmusson and Anderton, 2005: 472.

Holotype

AMNH 803071, adult male, collected at Sihor, 21.42N, 71.58E (Lozupone et al., 2004: 162), Kathiawar Peninsula, India, on 25 January 1949, by Walter Koelz.

Comments

Although Koelz (1950: 8) said that the type was deposited in AMNH, it was in fact sent to FMNH and cataloged there as FMNH 246514. It was later returned to AMNH to avoid confusion as to its whereabouts. Apparently, there was only one specimen.

Prinia gracilis yemenensis Hartert

Prinia gracilis yemenensis Hartert, 1909: 609 (Scheik Osman bei Aden).

Now Prinia gracilis yemenensis Hartert, 1909. See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 600065, adult male, collected at Sheikh 'Othman or Shaykh 'Uthmān ( =  Scheik Osman), 12.53N, 44.58E (Times Atlas), near Aden, southern Arabia, on 20 November 1898, by W.R. Ogilvie-Grant (no. 8). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Ogilvie-Grant's unique field number of the type in the original description. He did not mention other specimens but gave the range of the form as southern Arabia. Ogilvie-Grant (1900a) reported on three collections made in southern Arabia in 1898 and 1899, including his own and one by A. Blayney Percival and W. Dodson. He (Ogilvie-Grant, 1900a: 244) noted that the Percival-Dodson collection was in BMNH with an almost complete duplicate set in the Rothschild Collection. Prinia gracilis was listed in this paper as Burnesia gracilis, and three of the seven specimens listed by Ogilvie-Grant (1900a: 255) were collected by Dodson and came to AMNH from the Rothschild Collection; they are thus paratypes of Prinia gracilis yemenensis: AMNH 600066–600068. Strangely, Ogilvie-Grant did not list his own specimen, which became Hartert's holotype of yemenensis.

Prinia gracilis irakensis Meinertzhagen

Prinia gracilis irakensis Meinertzhagen, 1923a: 147 (Baghdad).

Now Prinia gracilis irakensis 409Meinertzhagen, 1923. See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 432–433.

Holotype

AMNH 600086, adult female, collected at Baghdad, 33.20N, 44.26E (Times Atlas), Iraq, on 9 January 1923, by Richard Meinertzhagen. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Meinertzhagen designated as type a specimen in the Rothschild Collection bearing the above data; it is the only such specimen in AMNH. Meinertzhagen (1923a: 148) gave measurements of five males and females but did not say that the specimens were all from his collection. Only one additional specimen of irakensis came to AMNH, AMNH 600087, received by Rothschild on date unknown from Rev. Jourdain and collected at Nasiriyeh on 1 March 1917. It is possibly a paratype.

Prinia gracilis stevensi Hartert

Prinia gracilis stevensi Hartert, 1923b: 132 (North Lakhimpur, Upper Assam).

Now Prinia gracilis stevensi 218219Hartert, 1923. See Rasmussen and Anderton, 2005: 472.

Holotype

AMNH 600116, adult male, collected at Hessamara, 27.23N, 94.20E (Luzupone et al., 2004: 68), northwestern Lakimpur, northeastern Assam, on 28 December 1905, by H. Stevens (no. 345). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert cited Stevens' unique field number of the holotype in his original description. Noting that Stevens had presented a pair to the Rothschild Collection, he gave a wing measurement for a single female, paratype AMNH 600117.

Prinia sonitans Swinhoe

Prinia sonitans Swinhoe, 1860: 50 (Amoy).

Now Prinia flaviventris sonitans Swinhoe, 1860. See Cheng, 1987: 839, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 434.

Syntype

AMNH 600316, adult male, collected on Hsia-men Tao ( =  Amoy Island), 24.30N, 118.07E (USBGN, 1968b), Fujian, China, on 10 April 1858, by R. Swinhoe (no. 35).

Comments

Swinhoe (1860) reported on the birds he had collected on Amoy in the previous 5 years. In the original description, he did not designate a type or say how many specimens he had collected. He noted that the described male was collected on 9 April (perhaps prepared as a specimen on 10 April), but no year was mentioned; the female was also described. Sharpe (1883: 205) listed (as Burnesia sonitans) four Swinhoe specimens of this form in BMNH, two of which were from Amoy, but were undated. The taxon is not listed in Warren and Harrison (1971), and no 9 April specimen is present in BMNH (Michael Walters, personal commun.). Because AMNH 600316 was collected by Swinhoe within the 5 years prior to 1860, I think it to be a syntype of Prinia sonitans. It was not listed by Hartert in any of his lists of Rothschild Collection type specimens and had not previously been included with the types in AMNH.

Prinia mistacea immutabilis van Someren

Prinia mistacea immutabilis van Someren, 1920: 93 (Nakuru Lake).

Now Prinia subflava melanorhyncha (Jardine and Fraser, 1852). See Watson et al., 1986a: 145, and Urban et al., 1997: 222.

Holotype

AMNH 599914, adult male, collected on the Nakuru Plains (as on label), on 15 May 1918, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschld Collection.

Comments

In the original description, the type was said to be in the Rothschild Collection and to bear the above data; AMNH 599914 is the only van Someren specimen with these data. In his later paper, not in Ibis as stated in the description but in Novitates Zoologicae, van Someren (1922: 218) listed localities from which specimens of immutabilis had been obtained. Specimens from those localities collected before the publication of the name on 4 March 1920 are considered paratypes: East Africa: Simba, Fort Hall, Kyambu, Nairobi, and Kisumu; Uganda: Jinja, Lugalambo, Kyetume, Entebbe, Bugoma, Toro, Chambura, and Masindi. The AMNH catalog numbers are: AMNH 599880–599892, 599894–599897, 599900, 599904, 599905, 599907–599909, 599916–599918, 599925, 599929, and 599930. Lake Nakuru is at ca. 00.21S, 36.05E (Polhill, 1988).

Prinia mistacea graueri Hartert

Prinia mistacea graueri Hartert, 1920: 457 (North-western shores of Lake Tanganyika, near Baraka).

Now Prinia subflava graueri Hartert, 1920. See Urban et al., 1997: 222.

Holotype

AMNH 599951, adult male, collected on the northwestern shores of Lake Tanganyika, near Baraka, 04.09S, 29.05E (Times Atlas), Congo (Kinshasa), on 14 August 1908, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 3233). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert gave Grauer's unique field number of the holotype in the original description and said (Hartert, 1920: 458) that he had 16 Grauer specimens in his type series, including the type. The 15 paratypes are: AMNH 599952–599966.

Burnesia reichenowi Hartlaub

Burnesia reichenowi Hartlaub, 1890: 151 (Njangalo).

Now Schistolais leucopogon reichenowi (Hartlaub, 1890). See Urban et al., 1997: 245–247.

Holotype

AMNH 600171, adult female, collected at Nyangabo ( =  Njangalo), 01.19N, 30.03E (Chapin, 1954: 714), Congo (Kinshasa), on 28 April 1889, by Emin Pasha (no. 199). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartlaub's description was based on a single specimen. This species is included in the genus Prinia by many authors.

Burnesia bairdi (sic) obscura Neumann

Burnesia bairdi (sic) obscura Neumann, 1908d: 13 (Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward).

Now Prinia bairdii obscura (442443444445Newmann, 1908). See Urban et al., 1997: 232.

Holotype

AMNH 600256, adult male, collected in the forest 90 km west of Lake Edward ( =  Albert Edward), Congo (Kinshasa), on 14 (not 8) February 1908, by Rudolf Grauer (no. 2043). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann cited Grauer's unique field number of the type in the original description. There are four paratypes: AMNH 600255 and 600257–600259 from Lake Kivu and Lake Edward.

Apalis pulchra murphyi Chapin

Apalis pulchra murphyi Chapin, 1932: 9 (Sambwe, 6100 feet, Marungu, Belgian Congo).

Now Apalis pulchra murphyi Chapin, 1932. See Urban et al., 1997: 259.

Holotype

AMNH 289597, adult male, collected at Sambwe, 6100 ft, 07.36S, 29.52E (Chapin, 1954: 723), Congo (Kinshasa), on 28 February 1929, by J.S. Rockefeller and C.B.G. Murphy on the Tanganyika Expedition (no. 309).

Comments

Chapin cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. There are two adult female paratypes: AMNH 289598 and 289599.

Apalis nigriceps collaris van Someren

Apalis nigriceps collaris van Someren, 1915a: 107 (Bugoma forest).

Now Apalis nigriceps collaris 644van Someren, 1915. See Urban et al., 1997: 271.

Holotype

AMNH 598889, adult male, collected in the Bugoma forest, ca. 01.20N, 31.05E (Polhill, 1988: 23), Uganda, on 16 October 1913, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, van Someren designated as type an adult male in the Rothschild Collection collected in the Bugoma forest on 16 October 1913. Tied together with it and sharing a label is an immature male specimen presumably collected at the same time. Both of these birds are clearly marked as males on the original label, but one of them, AMNH 598890, has all of the signs of immaturity referred to by van Someren in his description. The sex of this immature has been incorrectly copied onto the Rothschild label as a female and Hartert (1920: 460) mistakenly referred to “Types: ♂♀”. It is a paratype of A. n. collaris.

In the original description, van Someren referred to specimens from Mabira, Kyetume, Bugoma, and Ituri forests in Uganda. Paratypes in AMNH, in addition to AMNH 598890, are two birds from the Mabira forest: AMNH 598891, male, collected 5 May 1914, and AMNH 598892, female, collected 25 June 1914. In his description, van Someren did not say how many specimens he had or whether he had examined specimens in the Rothschild Collection taken by others; I have only considered van Someren specimens to be paratypes. Additional paratypes are in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 39).

Apalis binotata marungensis Chapin

Apalis binotata marungensis Chapin, 1932: 8 (Kasangala, 7050 feet, Marungu highland, Belgian Congo).

Now Apalis personata marungensis Chapin, 1932. See Urban et al., 1997: 267.

Holotype

AMNH 289593, adult male, collected at Kasangala, 7050 ft, 07.41S, 29.52E (R. Dowsett, personal commun.), Marungu highland, Congo (Kinshasa), on 4 May 1929, by J.S. Rockefeller and C.B.G. Murphy on the Tanganyika Expedition (no. 323).

Comments

Chapin cited the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description. Paratypes are: AMNH 289594, adult male, Sambwe, 28 February 1929; AMNH 289595, immature male, Ketendwe, 23 February 1929; and AMNH 289596, adult female, Pande, 1 May 1929.

Tricholais flavotorquata Hartlaub

Tricholais flavotorquata Hartlaub, 1881a: 624 (Magungo).

Now Apalis flavida caniceps (Cassin, 1859). See Chapin, 1953b: 282, and Urban et al., 1997: 263.

Holotype

AMNH 598830, adult male, collected at Magungo, 02.15N, 31.30E (Chapin, 1954: 695), Uganda, on 1 December 1879, by Emin Pasha (no. 184). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartlaub (1881a: 624) based his description on a single specimen. This form was listed as a new species in two different Hartlaub publications, both apparently published in April 1881. The name was not listed by Watson et al. (1986a: 161). Chapin (1953b: 282) cited 1880 as the publication date of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London and 1881 as the date of Hartlaub's (1881b) second paper. However, Duncan (1937: 73) gave April 1881 as the publication date of part 4 of the 1880 Proceedings, which includes p. 624. Hartlaub's (1881b: 83–128) report on Emin's entire collection, where (Hartlaub, 1881b: 89) this form is listed as a new species, also appeared in April 1881 according to the contents page of the volume; the date “February 1881” that appears at the bottom of the first page of his article evidently refers to the date of the meeting at which the paper was read. Hartlaub (1881b: 89) there referred to the description in the Proceedings, including the page number. Hartlaub may therefore be considered the First Reviser (ICZN, 1999: 30, Art. 24.2.1). This is also in accordance with Recommendation 24B (ICZN, 1999: 31), as most attributions of authorship refer to publication in the Proceedings.

This type had not previously been included with the AMNH types.

Apalis flavida malensis Neumann

Apalis flavida malensis Neumann, 1905a: 78 (Schambala-Fluss, Male-Land).

Now Apalis flavida flavocincta (Sharpe, 1882). See Watson et al., 1986a: 162, and Urban et al., 1997: 263.

Holotype

AMNH 598833, adult male, collected at the K'ulecho Shet' ( =  Shambara  =  Schambala River), 06.30N, 37.12E (USBGN, 1982b), Ethiopia, on 21 January 1901, by Oscar Neumann (no. 631). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Neumann (1906a: 278) had the single specimen. Confusion exists concerning the original description of this subspecies. The original description was by Neumann (1905a: 78) in the May issue of Ornithologische Monatsberichte, on p. 76 of which he noted that these were preliminary descriptions that would be expanded upon in the last part of his paper to appear in the October issue of Journal für Ornithologie. The last part of his paper appeared in two parts, one in the October 1905 issue and the other in April 1906. Neumann (1906a: 278) did expand on his earlier description, but unfortunately this treatment was also labeled “nov. subsp.”. Meanwhile, Reichenow's (1905) third volume of Die Vögel Afrikas had been published. On p. 612, published in October 1905 (Reichenow, 1905: 880), malensis is referred to as a Neumann manuscript name, when in fact it had already been published in May. Watson et al. (1986a: 162) and other authors incorrectly refer to the description as Neumann in Reichenow (1905: 612).

Apalis bamendae strausae Boulton

Apalis bamendae strausae Boulton, 1931: 53 (Mt. Rungwe, 5,650 ft., Tanganyika Territory).

Now Apalis chapini strausae Boulton, 1931. See Urban et al., 1997: 277.

Holotype

AMNH 416491, adult male, collected on Mount Rungwe, 5650 ft, 09.08S, 33.40E (Polhill, 1988: 339), Tanzania, on 11 June 1929, by Rudyerd and Laura Boulton, on the Mrs. O. Straus Central African Expedition (no. 2799).

Comments

In the original description, Boulton designated as holotype his specimen number 2799. There is one paratype: AMNH 416492, adult male, collected in the same locality on 16 June 1929.

Dryodromus rufifrons turkanae van Someren

Dryodromus rufifrons turkanae van Someren, 1920: 93 (Meuressi, Turkwell River).

Now Urorhipis rufifrons smithi (Sharpe, 1895). See Watson et al., 1986a: 172, and Urban et al., 1997: 289.

Holotype

AMNH 598940, adult female, collected at Meuressi, Turkwel ( =  Turkwell) River, ca. 01.54N, 35.20E–03.05N, 36.09E (Polhill, 1988), Kenya, in January 1918, by V.G.L. van Someren. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In his original description, van Someren noted that the type with the above data was in the Rothschild Collection. Although he had seven specimens in his type series, the holotype was the only one that came to AMNH.

Phyllergates cinereicollis Sharpe

Phyllergates cinereicollis Sharpe, 1888c: 479 (Kina Balu).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus cinereicollis (566567Sharpe, 1888). See Smythies, 2000: 531–532, Dickinson, 2003: 563.

Lectotype

AMNH 592475, adult male, collected on Mount Kinabalu, 4000 ft, 06.03N, 116.32E (Times Atlas), Sabah, Malaysia, on 10 February 1888, by John Whitehead (no. 2101). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Sharpe did not designate a type or say how many specimens he examined, but later he (in Sharpe and Whitehead, 1889: 279–280) listed five specimens. Hartert (1920: 467) designated the specimen bearing Whitehead's number 2101 as the lectotype; it is Sharpe's (Sharpe and Whitehead, 1889: 280) specimen “b”. Warren and Harrison (1971: 118) listed as holotype a specimen collected on 15 February 1887; however, it cannot be the holotype as none was so designated in the original description. Sharpe (1888c: 478) had in hand Whitehead's entire collection when this form was described (i.e., the five specimens listed in the later joint paper). The specimen referred to by Warren and Harrison was Sharpe's specimen “a” and is the specimen referred to by Whitehead (in Sharpe and Whitehead, 1889: 280) as the only one collected in 1887, badly shot up and “useless for identification”; it is a paralectotype. The other three specimens are in AMNH and are also paralectotypes: “c” and “d”, AMNH 592478 (Whitehead no. 2312) and AMNH 592476 (Whitehead no. 2315), male and female, 26 March 1888, and “e”, AMNH 592477 (Whitehead no. 2288), female, 23 March (not 26 May) 1888. Specimen “e” bears Whitehead's number 2288, indicating that it was collected before specimens collected on the 26 March (nos. 2312 and 2315) and that Sharpe was in error with regard to the date.

Both AMNH 592475 and 592476 were marked “Type RBS[harpe]” in Sharpe's hand and bear Rothschild type labels, but because the male was designated the lectotype by Hartert (1920: 476), the female becomes a paralectotype. It remains in the AMNH type collection but with an added label to explain its status.

White and Bruce (1986: 350), Smythies (2000: 531), and others spelled the species name “cuculatus”, considering the original spelling to be the correct one. However, Dickinson (2003: 563) followed most authors and considered the emended name to be in prevailing usage (ICZN, 1999: 42, Art. 33.2.3.1).

Phyllergates cucullatus philippinus Hartert

Phyllergates cucullatus philippinus Hartert, 1897d: 517 (Benguet, North Luzon).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus philippinus (156157158Hartert, 1897). See Dickinson et al., 1991: 335.

Lectotype

AMNH 592481, adult male, collected in Benguet, northern Luzon, on 2 March 1894, by John Whitehead (no. 276). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert only said that the type, in the Rothschild Collection, was collected in Benguet by John Whitehead and referred to Ogilvie-Grant's report on this collection, where Ogilvie-Grant (1894b: 510) identified the species as Phyllergates cinereicollis without giving the number of specimens. Later, Hartert (1920: 468) listed Whitehead's specimen number 276 as the type, thus designating it the lectotype. A second Benguet specimen, AMNH 592480, female collected on 10 February 1894, is a paralectotype. A third Luzon specimen, AMNH 592482, collected by Whitehead in Lepanto on 15 December 1894 and reported on by Ogilvie-Grant (1895d: 448), may also be a paralectotype, but I do not know whether it was in Rothschild's possession and available to Hartert when P. c. philippinus was described.

Phyllergates everetti Hartert

Phyllergates everetti Hartert, 1897d: 517 (3000 and 4000 feet in S. Flores).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus everetti (156157158Hartert, 1897). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Lectotype

AMNH 592483, adult male, collected above 3500 ft, south Flores Island, Indonesia, in November 1896, by collectors for Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert noted in the original description that he had two specimens, a male and a female, but did not designate a type. Later, Hartert (1920: 468) listed the male as the type, thus designating it the lectotype. The female, AMNH 592483, becomes the paralectotype.

Hartert (1897d: 513) wrote that Everett made Nanga Ramu ( =  Nanga Roma) his headquarters, and Everett noted that this part of the country was better known as Mangarai. Also see Mees (2006: 12) regarding this locality.

Phyllergates cucullatus hedymeles Stresemann

Phyllergates cucullatus hedymeles Stresemann, 1932: 46 (Wawokaraeng (ein Gipfel des Lompo Batang), 2200 m).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus hedymeles (Stresemann, 1932). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Holotype

AMNH 300174, adult male, collected at Wawokaraeng, 2200 m, Mount Lompobattang, 05.22S, 119.58E (Times Atlas), Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, on 18 September 1931, by Gerd Heinrich (no. 5575) on the Heinrich Expedition of 1931.

Comments

Stresemann cited Heinrich's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. Later, Stresemann (1940: 102) noted that he had 13 specimens from Lompo Batang. Of the 12 paratypes from Wawokaraeng and Lombasang, 7 were deposited in AMNH: AMNH 300173, 300175–300178, 300183, and 300184. The remaining paratypes are probably in ZMB.

Phyllergates cucullatus meisei Stresemann

Phyllergates cucullatus meisei Stresemann, 1931a: 45 (Latimodjong-Gebirge, 2200 m.).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus meisei (600601602Stresemann, 1931). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Holotype

AMNH 292894, adult male, collected at 2200 m in the Latimojong Mountains, 03.30S, 120.05E (USBGN, 1982a), Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, on 14 June 1930, by Gerd Heinrich (no. 418) on the Heinrich Expedition 1930.

Comments

Stresemann gave Heinrich's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. Later, Stresemann (1940: 102) noted that he had six specimens. Of the five paratypes, three came to AMNH: AMNH 292895, male, and 292896 and 292897, females. The remaining paratypes are probably in ZMB.

[Phyllergates cucullatus stentor Stresemann]

Phyllergates cucullatus stentor Stresemann, 1938a: 47 (Tanke Salokko im Mengkoka-Gebirge, 1500 m, SO Celebes).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus stentor (605Stresemann, 1938). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Holotype

Adult male, collected at Tanke Salokko, 1500 m, Mengkoka Mountains, 03.39S, 121.15E (Times Atlas), Sulawesi Island ( =  Celebes), Indonesia, on 11 January 1932, by Gerd Heinrich (no. 6514).

Comments

Under the funding agreement for the Heinrich Expedition, all types were to come to AMNH. However, probably due to the outbreak of World War II, this type remained in ZMB, number ZMB 34.2229 (S. Frahnert, in litt. 7 April 2005). Stresemann (1940: 102) noted that he had 13 specimens, including the type. Seven of the 12 paratypes came to AMNH: 300179–300182 and 300185–300187. The other paratypes are probably in Berlin.

Phyllergates everetti dumasi Hartert

Phyllergates everetti dumasi Hartert, 1899d: 31 (Mt. Mada, Buru).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus dumasi (164165166Hartert, 1899). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Lectotype

AMNH 592485, adult male, collected on Mount Madang ( =  Mount Mada), 3000 ft, ca. 03.15S, 126.10E, Buru Island, Moluccas, Indonesia, in September 1898, by J. Dumas. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert did not designate a type in the original description or say how many specimens he examined. Later, Hartert (1900c: 238) noted that Dumas had collected four specimens on Mt. Mada. Still later, Hartert (1920: 468) designated a male collected on Mt. Mada in September 1898 as the lectotype. There are two specimens bearing these data, but AMNH 592485 bears the Rothschild type label and Hartert has written “Type” on the field label. Because it was Hartert's intention that this specimen should be considered the type and and because it bears the Rothschild type label, I hereby designate it the lectotype of Phyllergates everetti dumasi to avoid possible confusion in interpreting the older literature. The paralectotypes are AMNH 592486, male, and AMNH 592487 and 592488, females, all collected on Mt. Mada by Dumas in September 1898.

Phyllergates cucullatus batjanensis Hartert

Phyllergates cucullatus batjanensis Hartert, 1912: 2 (Batjan, 5000–7000 feet).

Now Orthotomus cucullatus batjanensis (Hartert, 1912). See White and Bruce, 1986: 350–351, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 423.

Lectotype

AMNH 592508, adult male, collected on Bacan ( =  Batjan) Island, 5000–7000 ft, 00.35S, 127.30E (USBGN, 1982a), Moluccas, Indonesia, in July 1902, by Johannes Waterstradt. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Hartert designated a type in the original description and said that two males were obtained, both of which bear the same data. Neither the original description nor Hartert's (1920: 468) later listing of Rothschild types distinguished between them. Only AMNH 592508 bears the Rothschild type label, signifying Hartert's intent to designate that specimen the type, and it has been so considered since publication of the description. To avoid possible confusion in interpretation of the older literature, I hereby designate AMNH 592508 the lectotype of Phyllergates cucullatus batjanensis. AMNH 592509 becomes the paralectotype.

Orthotomus chloronotus Ogilvie-Grant

Orthotomus chloronotus Ogilvie-Grant, 1895c: 2 (Cape Engano, N.E. Luzon).

Now Orthotomus castaneiceps chloronotus 453454455Ogilvie-Grant, 1895. See Dickinson et al., 1991: 332–333.

Holotype

AMNH 592424, adult male, collected at Cape Engaño, 18.35N, 122.08E (Dickinson et al., 1991: 419), northern point of Palaui Island, off northeastern Luzon Island, Philippines, on 22 April 1895, by John Whitehead (no. A.279). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Ogilvie-Grant (1896: 117, and pl. 3, fig. 1) noted that he had a single specimen.

Watson et al. (1986a: 181) and other authors have included chloronotus as a subspecies of O. atrogularis, but see Dickinson et al. (1991: 333) for a discussion.

Orthotomus ruficeps rubicundulus Chasen and Kloss

Orthotomus ruficeps rubicundulus Chasen and Kloss, 1931: 279 (Sirhassen Island, South Natuna Islands).

Now Orthotomus sericeus rubicundulus Chasen and Kloss, 1931. See Smythies, 2000: 532–533, and del Hoyo et al., 2006: 425.

Holotype

AMNH 592445, adult male, collected on Serasan Island ( =  Sirhassen Island), 02.30N, 109.03E (USBGN, 1982a), South Natuna Islands, Indonesia, on 23 September 1893, by Alfred Everett. From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Chasen and Kloss designated as type an adult male with wing measuring 55 mm. They had in their type series four specimens of this form, including the holotype, which they had borrowed from Rothschild. They labeled each of these specimens with a long narrow label on which is typed “Orthotomus ruficeps rubicundulus Chas. & Kloss”, with AMNH 592445 being additionally marked “Type”. The wing of this specimen measures 55 mm. The three paratypes are AMNH 592447, adult male with wing 54 mm, AMNH 592448 and 592449, females with wings measuring 50 and 53 mm, respectively, all from Sirhassen Island, collected by Everett on 23 September 1893. A fifth specimen, AMNH 592446, adult male, was apparently not borrowed and is not a paratype. This form was described too late to have been included in any of Hartert's lists of Rothschild types, and the holotype bears only an AMNH type label.

Camaroptera griseoviridis harterti Zedlitz

Camaroptera griseoviridis harterti Zedlitz, 1911: 342 (Canhoca, Nord-Angola).

Now Camaroptera harterti Zedlitz, 1911. See del Hoyo et al., 2006: 482.

Lectotype

AMNH 599740, adult male, collected at Canhoca, 09.15S, 14.41E (Dean, 2000: 372), Angola, on 20 November 1903, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 1198). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Zedlitz said that the type in the Rothschild Collection was collected at Canhoca on 20 November 1903 by Ansorge. Three specimens bearing those data were collected by Ansorge, and Hartert (1920: 459) designated the above specimen with Ansorge's unique field number as the lectotype. This specimen has “*Typus” written on Ansorge's label by Zedlitz and bears the Rothschild type label.

Zedlitz (1911: 344–345) borrowed widely for his study of Camaroptera, and he labeled those specimens he used with the name and his initials. There are only two additional specimens of harterti so labeled by Zedlitz and now in AMNH: paralectotypes AMNH 599741, male, Canhoca, 20 November 1903, Ansorge number 1199, and AMNH 599745, male, Canhoca, 23 November 1903, Ansorge number 1234. I have not considered other Ansorge specimens identified as harterti to be part of Zedlitz's type series.

See Hartert (1920: 459) and Urban et al. (1997: 296) for summaries of taxonomic treatments. Dickinson (2003: 562) and Dean (2000: 236) treated harterti as a subspecies of C. brachyura (Vieillot, 1820).

Camaroptera brevicaudata rothschildi Zedlitz

Camaroptera brevicaudata rothschildi Zedlitz, 1911: 331 (Ogowe-Fl., Gabun).

Now Camaroptera superciliaris (Fraser, 1843). See Watson et al., 1986a: 190, and Urban et al., 1997: 300.

Holotype

AMNH 599777, adult male, collected at lac Avanga ( =  Abanga River, as on label), 00.56S, 09.45E (R. Dowsett, personal commun.), Ogowe River, Gabon, on 6 November 1907, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 937). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

Zedlitz cited Ansorge's unique field number of the holotype in the original description. As in the previous form, Zedlitz labeled and initialed the specimens he had in his type series. The holotype is so labeled and “*Typus” added. Only one paratype is in AMNH: AMNH 599799, adult male, collected at Komadekke, N'Gounie River, Gabon, by Ansorge.

Camaroptera brevicaudata pulchra Zedlitz

Camaroptera brevicaudata pulchra Zedlitz, 1911: 331 (Canhoca, Angola).

Now Camaroptera superciliaris (Fraser, 1843). See Watson et al., 1986a: 190, Urban et al., 1997: 300, and Dean, 2000: 237.

Holotype

AMNH 599784, adult female, collected at Canhoca, 09.15S, 14.41E (Dean, 2000: 372), Angola, on 15 November 1903, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 1134, not 1143). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

The above specimen is the only Rothschild specimen bearing the data cited for the holotype; it is marked “pulchra Zedl.” and “*Typus” in Zedlitz's hand. Hartert (1920: 459) noted the error in the citation of Ansorge's field number. There is a single paratype in AMNH: AMNH 599782, male from 80 km north of Kasongo Forest, 400 m, collected on 10 February 1909 by Rudolf Grauer (no. 4237).

Calamonastes katangae Neave

Calamonastes katangae Neave, 1909: 130 (Katanga).

Now Calamonastes undosus katangae Neave, 1909. See Urban et al., 1997: 305.

Syntype

AMNH 598423, adult female, collected on the upper Lualaba River, western Katanga, Congo (Kinshasa), on 31 May 1907, by S.A. Neave (no. 223). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Neave did not designate a type or say how many specimens were collected. In a later paper, Neave (1910a: 149) listed five specimens, all collected on his second (1907) trip to the Congo, giving his field numbers for them but still not indicating a type, and adding (Neave, 1910a: 81): “The majority of the specimens, including the types, remain in the British Museum”. However, as no types had been designated, all specimens in the original type series were syntypes. The AMNH specimen is marked “Calamonastes katangae cotype”, initialed by Neave; it had not previously been included in the AMNH type collection.

The month of collecting on Neave's original label appears to be a poorly written “May”. This was read as “März” by Hartert and so entered on the Rothschild Collection label. Neave (1910a: 80, 82, and 1910b: map opp. p. 224) gave the itinerary of his 1907 trip and a map that showed his routes. On 31 March his itinerary gave his location as the Upper Dikulwe River Valley, 3500–4000 ft; on 31 May he was in the Upper Lualaba Valley, high plateau, 4000 ft, at ca. 11.00S, 25.40E.

Sclater (1930: 517) restricted the type locality to the Lufupa River. Warren and Harrison (1971: 279–280) listed a female specimen from the Lufupa River as a syntype, noting that it was labeled “type” and that there was an additional syntype in the collection. The AMNH specimen is a syntype, as is a specimen in RMCA (Louette et al., 2002: 40).

Calamonastes fasciolatus pallidior Hartert

Calamonastes fasciolatus pallidior Hartert, 1907c: 97 (Sandpits, Benguella).

Now Calamonastes fasciolatus pallidior 192193194195Hartert, 1907. See Urban et al., 1997: 308, and Dean, 2000: 238.

Holotype

AMNH 598428, adult, collected at Uche ( =  Sandpits), 12.43S, 13.20E (Dean, 2000: 386), Benguela, Angola, on 8 July 1904, by W.J. Ansorge (no. 259). From the Rothschild Collection.

Comments

In the original description, Hartert cited Ansorge's unique field number of the holotype, which was sexed as a male by Ansorge, but questioned by Hartert, and only listed as an “adult” in the description. Hartert noted that Ansorge sent a series of adult and young specimens; paratypes are AMNH 598429–598435 from Sandpits, Makonjo, and Huxe.