Orphinus (s. str.) pakistanus Kadej & Háva, sp. nov. is described from Pakistan. The habitus, antenna, and genitalia are illustrated and compared with related species. A revised checklist and a key to the known Orphinus species from the Himalayan Region are presented.
The family Dermestidae (skin and hide beetles) contains approx. 1,480 species worldwide (Háva 2014). Some of them have been recognized as pests of a variety of goods and stored products. They occur in various habitats and can be found in synanthropic (apartments, houses, storage products) as well as natural habitats (in flowers, under bark, inside tree hollows, in nests of birds or mammals, and associated with spider webs). The Dermestidae currently consist of more than 50 genera. Knowledge of Himalayan beetles (including dermestids) has been successfully expanded within the last few years. Information about the biodiversity of this region is gradually being supplemented by the ongoing research (Hartmann & Baumbach 2003; Hartmann & Weipert 2006, 2009). The results of these studies can be found in Veer & Rao (1995), Háva (2003, 2006a,b, 2008, 2009), Háva & Herrmann (2004), and Kadej & Háva (2012). Nearly 60 dermestid species have been found in the Himalayan Region (Háva 2009), representing 9 genera, such as Dermestes Linnaeus, Thorictodes Reitter, Attagenus Latreille, Anthrenus Geoffroy, Evorinea Beal, Orphinus Motschulsky, Ctesias Stephens, and Trogoderma Dejean. The genus Orphinus Motschulsky is one of the most speciose within Dermestidae and currently includes approx. 88 species (Háva 2013).
Representatives of Orphinus are distributed mainly in the Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian ecozones (Háva 2013; Kadej & Háva 2013; Zahradník & Háva 2014). Orphinus is currently split into 4 subgenera (Curtophinus Pic, Falsoorphinus Pic, Orphinus s. str., and Picorphinus Háva). With regard to the genus Orphinus Motschulsky, most of the Himalayan species (8 species, including the 1 described here) have been classified to the nominal subgenus. Only 1 species has been included in subgenus Falsoorphinus Pic (see Table 1). Nominal subgenus Orphinus s. str. consists of the species that can be distinguished from the rest of the subgenera by the following morphological features: relatively small, oval, and convex body; elytra with variable color patterns and pubescence; 11-segmented antennae and spherical rather than suboval last antennal club segment in males (Kadej & Kitano 2010; Kadej & Háva 2013). In contrast, subgenus Falsoorphinus Pic is defined by the following characters: a long and suboval male antennal terminal segment. In this paper, a new species of Orphinus from Pakistan is described.
Materials and Methods
Morphological structures (genitalia, antenna, abdominal segments IX–X, pygidium) were boiled for 3 to 10 min in 10% KOH, and placed in distilled water for about 1 h to clean and soften the cuticle. The structures such as genitalia, antenna, abdominal segments IX–X, and pygidium were placed on glycerin mounts. Morphological structures were examined with a Nikon Eclipse E 600® (Tokyo, Japan) phase contrast microscope, and a Nikon SMZ—800® (Tokyo, Japan) binocular microscope. Photographs were taken with a Canon 500D® (Taiwan) and a Nikon D5100® (Tokyo, Japan) camera under a Nikon Eclipse 80i® (Tokyo, Japan) and a Nikon SMZ—800® (Tokyo, Japan) microscope. Image stacks were processed using Combine ZM® (Hadley 2010).
Table 1.
Checklist of Himalayan species of Orphinus Motschulsky, 1858.
The terminology used in this paper follows Kadej & Kitano (2010) and Kadej & Háva (2013). The distribution and classification used follow the world catalogs of Háva (2013). The following abbreviation denotes the type depository for the specimens of the new species: OUMNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Results
Dermestidae Latreille, 1807
Megatominae Leach, 1815
Megatomini Ganglbauer, 1904
Orphinus Motschulsky, 1858
Orphinus (s. str.) pakistanus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–11)
TYPE MATERIAL
HOLOTYPE. Adult male, deposited at OUMNH. Type locality: PAKISTAN, Islamabad, 33°40›56»N, 73°6›44»E, 27-VII-2000, 700 m swept, mixed vegetation, Coll. Mann & McGavin / OUM-2002-013 Pres. Mann & McGavin, Hope Entomol. Coll. The type specimen possesses the following red label: “HOLOTYPE Orphinus pakistanus sp. nov. Kadej & Háva det. 2014.”
DESCRIPTION
Body oval, strongly convex, densely covered with subrecumbent simple setae, and visible punctuation (Figs. 1–4). Measurements for holotype: length from anterior margin of pronotum to apex of elytron 2.0 mm, median length of pronotum 0.6 mm, maximum width of pronotum 1.05 mm, length of elytron (suture) 1.7 mm, maximum width across elytra 1.2 mm. Ratio of width (across humeri) to length (of pronotum and elytra combined) 0.6:1. Dorsal and ventral integument dark brown with greyish pubescence (Figs. 1 and 2); antennae (Figs. 6 and 7), tarsi, and tibia light brown (femora brown, darker than tibia, Fig. 2). Distance between punctures on pronotum and elytra approximately the same as their diameter.
Head with large convex compound eyes, median ocellus distinct and well developed (Fig. 4). Frons with greyish pubescence (Fig. 4) and moderate punctuation (punctures smaller and shallower than those on pronotum and elytra). Antenna light brown, 11-segmented (Figs. 6 and 7). Antennal club of 2 segments: segment 1 short and transverse, segment 2 considerably larger (Figs. 6 and 7). Last segment of antennal club rounded; 5 times as long and nearly twice as wide as first (Fig. 7). Antennal fossa deeply excavated and occupying almost all of hypomeron; surface gently punctate (punctures are shallow and poorly visible), integument between punctures smooth; posterior area closed.
Pronotum punctate with lateral margin faintly visible from above. Posterior angles acute; posterior edge bisinuate, so that median flat-rounded lobe is located between 2 emarginations. Scutellum triangular, dark brown, small but visible (Fig. 1). Elytra parallel-sided, gently tapering at apical 1/3, each elytron densely punctate, those punctures slightly deeper than on pronotum. Elytra covered with greyish pubescence (Fig. 1). Prosternum punctate on disc, without impunctate median line. Metepisternum densely and conspicuously punctate. Abdomen densely punctate, punctures denser on 2nd to 5th visible ventrite, and with sublateral distal carinae on 1st visible ventrite. Posterior margin of 5th abdominal ventrite not impressed, without pair of tubercules or pair of sharp spines. Legs covered with stout setation. Tibiae without distinct teeth (tibial spines). Tarsus with 2 claws.
Male genitalia as in Figs. 10 and 11. Parameres deeply u-shaped, covered with short setae on the lateral margins as well as in the central and inner areas; longer setae present only on apex of parameres. Distal parts of parameres slightly curved inward. Penis (median lobe) with distal end pointing up; in frontal view straight (Figs. 10 and 11). Ninth abdominal segment (Fig. 9) spatula-like [spatuliform]; apex somewhat truncate; setae present on the dorsal and lateral margins, but only in the anterior part. Pygidium in basal part (from margin to 2/3 length of pygidium) with short setae; remaining area with densely located, slightly prominent, but longer setae (Fig. 5). Tenth abdominal segment pentagonal-like with flat apex and 3 prominent setae on dorsal margin in the anterior part (Fig. 8).
Sexual Dimorphism
Female not known.
DISTRIBUTION
Pakistan (Islamabad Capital Territory).
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
By its unicolorous elytral integument and shape of the body, the new species closely resembles Orphinus (s. str.) nilgirensis Arrow, but differs from it and other species by the following morphological features: in Orphinus pakistanus Kadej & Háva, sp. nov., the elytra are without patterns or fasciae and possess uniform greyish setation; in O. nilgirensis Arrow, 4 spots with whitish setae are present on the elytra: one medial and another near the scutellum.
From cosmopolitan species O. (s. str.) fulvipes (Guérin-Méneville), the newly described species differs by the dark brown color of dorsal and ventral surfaces covered by greyish pubescence, whereas in O. fulvipes the dorsal and ventral surfaces are brown with brownish pubescence; likewise in O. pakistanus sp. nov. the ratio of width to length of last antennal segment in males is 0.85:1, in O. fulvipes 1:1; in O. pakistanus sp. nov. pronotum is convex, in O. fulvipes flattened. It also differs from the known Himalayan species by the characteristics mentioned in the key given below.
ETYMOLOGY
The specific epithet “pakistanus,” derived from the country where the species was discovered: Pakistan.
Figs. 1–7.
Orphinus (s. str.) pakistanus sp. nov., holotype. 1, Habitus, dorsal; 2, habitus, ventral; 3, abdominal ventrites I–V; 4, head and pronotum, front; 5, pygidium; 6, left antenna, fronto-lateral; 7, left antenna, lateral.
Figs. 8–11.
Orphinus (s. str.) pakistanus sp. nov., holotype. 8, Abdominal sternite X; 9, abdominal segment IX; 10, male genitalia, dorsal; 11, male genitalia, ventral.
Identification key for the Himalayan1 species of Orphinus
1.— Terminal antennomere circular — subgenus Orphinus (s. str.) 2
1′.— Terminal antennomere elongate-oval - subgenus Falsoorphinus (each elytron with large humeral orange spot, not reaching suture and with orange spot in apical part Orphinus (F.) yeti Háva
2.— Elytra unicolorous 3
2′.— Elytra bicolorous 4
3.— Elytra evenly covered with greyish setation Orphinus pakistanus Kadej & Háva, sp. nov.
3′.— Elytra covered with 1 median and 1 scutelar spot of whitish setae Orphinus nilgirensis Arrow
4.— Elytra with orange (or reddish) transverse band and apical spot 5
4′.— Elytra with only an orange-reddish transverse band, apical spot absent Orphinus unifasciatus Háva
5.— Apical spot reaching posterio-lateral part of elytron; terminal antennomere of male 2–3 times larger than in female 6
5′.— Apical spot isolated, not reaching posterio-lateral part of elytron; size of terminal antennomere of both sexes comparable Orphinus hartmanni Háva
6.— Integument of dorsal surface brown; apical spot small, occupying less than 1/3 of each elytron 7
6′.— Integument of dorsal surface black; apical spot large, occupying almost 1/3 of each elytron Orphinus jucundus Arrow
7.— Elytral transverse band broad near lateral margin of elytra, while narrow near suture Orphinus kresli Háva
7′.— Elytral transverse band evenly broad throughout (from lateral margin of elytra to suture) Orphinus sikkimensis Háva & Herrmann
Acknowledgments
We thank James Hogan (OUMNH) for the loan of types and other specimens used in this study, and Jon Cooter (OUMNH) for commenting on a draft of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Poland (project no. 1076/S/IBŚ/2015).
