Etymology : From circulus (lat.) = circle, ring, after six anteroventral oval to ellipsoidal costae.

Holotype : Right valve, figured on Pl. 1, Fig. 1, SMNS no. 70423-1.

Type locality : Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon : Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material : 1 RV in sample G20Eb.

Diagnosis : Strong reticulation with six ovally arranged, oval to ellipsoidal costae and two semicircular ribs in the periphery.

Description : The shell is small, moderately convex, round, similar to lentils. The posterior is slightly higher than the anterior, widely rounded, both margins passing gradually into the dorsal and ventral margins. Dorsal margin very short and straight, ventral margin strongly convex. The lateral surface of the valve is ornamented with well-developed concentric ribs. The two longest concentric ribs are parallel to each other, surround the valve almost completely, and are located along the anterior, ventral and posterior margins. Five large ellipsoidal ribs are developed in the central part of the valve; two small round ribs are located closer to the dorsal margin. The entire intercostal surface, as well as the inner side of the ellipsoidal ribs is covered with intersecting small ribs, forming a reticulate ornament. Inside the cells of this grid there are even finer ribs forming a smaller second-order network. Round simple pores are present both on the ribs and on the intercostal surface; on the ribs they are larger. No internal details observed.

Dimensions: Length: 0.26 mm, Height: 0.25 mm

Comparisons: The peripheral ornamentation of the holotype is similar to that of Polycope cincinnata Apostolescu, 1959 (p. 801, pl. 1, fig. 2) from the Pliensbachian in the Paris Basin; however, the ornamentation of the latter species consists entirely of U-shaped ribs.The coarsely ribbed Polycope 4197 Michelsen, 1975 differs in the absence of the oval costae in the central area of the valve.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone).

Remark: Despite the fact, that we have only the single valve figured in Pl. 1, Fig. 1, we described it as a new species because of its extraordinary sculpture which differs to all previously described species.

1961 Polycope discus n. sp. — Fischer, p. 497, fig. 1.

1975 Polycope sp. 4044. — Michelsen, p. 263, pl. 40, fig. 564.

1983 Polycope discus Fischer, 1961 . — Knitter, p. 217, pl. 34, figs. 1, 2.

1986 Polycope transversicostata sp. nov. — Ainsworth, p. 289, pl. 1, figs. 2–4.

? 1986 Polycope sp. A. — Ainsworth, p. 290, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1987 Polycope discus Fischer, 1961 . — Tröster, p. 444, fig. 1.

1999 Polycope discus Fischer, 1961 . — Arias & Lord, p. 78, pls. 1–3.

Material: 1 V in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Lower Sinemurian to Middle Aalenian (Denmark, SW Germany, Ireland, Spain).

1968 Polycope sp. 851. — Christensen, pl. 23, fig. 6.

1970 Polycope No. 4065. — Michelsen, p. 49, pl. 12, fig. 6a, b.

1975 Polycope minor n. sp. — Michelsen, p. 261, pl. 38, figs. 546–547, pl. 39, figs. 555–562.

1990 Polycope minor Michelsen 1975 . — Brand, p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.

Material: 1 C, 2 V in sample G20Eb. Distribution: Hettangian to Upper Bathonian (Denmark, Germany).

Remarks on Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961: At first sight we thought that our material from Geisingen comprises Polycope pelta, which was cited by a number of authors. But when compared to the literature the determination of this species seemed to be very questionable. Therefore we tried to find out what Polycope pelta was originally supposed to be.

Polycope pelta was erected by Fischer (1961) with the following diagnosis: “A species of the genus Polycope with the following characteristics: Rostral incision absent, the sculpture reduced to a peripheral zone provided with delicate, radial ribs. Marginal teeth are absent. … The valves are often without ornamentation, the sculpture can be blurred by dissolution.” Unfortunately his figure of the holotype ( Fischer 1961: Fig. 1 center, refigured from Fischer 1957: pl. 1, fig. 2) is out of focus and does not show the ornamentation, which lead to misinterpretations as many authors have already stated ( Dilger 1963: 6; Michelsen 1975: 263; N Ainsworth 1986: 289; Brand 1990: 143, Arias & Lord 1999: 78). To improve the situation E. Kristan-Tollmann (cit. in Brand 1990: 143) had planned to publish SEM-photographs of the type material, but unfortunately could not finish her publication.

The Working Group Micropaleontology of the GPIT kindly provided copies of the above mentioned SEM-pictures, which allowed the present authors to refigure the holotype and a paratype of Polycope pelta (Pl. 1, Figs. 4a–c) and to add some details to the description.

non 1938 Ostracode (227). — Wicher, pl. 27, fig. 4.

1961 Polycope pelta n. sp. — Fischer, p. 499, fig. 1.

non 1963 Polycope cf. maculata G. W. Müller 1894. — Plumhoff, p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 3a–c.

non 1963 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961. — Plumhoff , p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

non 1970 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961. — Whatley, p. 311, pl. 1, figs. 1–4.

non 1975 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961 . — Michelsen, p. 262, pl. 40, figs. 570–573.

non 1979 Polycope pelta Fischer. — Exton, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 4.

1981a Polycope pelta Fischer 1961. — Herrig, p. 679, pl. 2, figs. 1–5.

non 1983 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Knitter, p. 217, pl. 34, fig. 3.

non 1984 Polycope cf. pelta Fischer, 1961 . — Dépêche, p. 188, pl. 1, fig. 4.

non 1984 Polycope pelta Fischer. — Exton & Grads tein, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 13.

v 1985 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Riegraf, p. 71, pl. 1, fig. 4.

v 1985 Polycope plumhoffi Bate & Coleman, 1975. — R iegraf, p. 71, pl. 1, fig. 5.

non 1986 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Ainsworth, p. 289, pl. 1, fig. 1.

non 1987 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961 — Tröster, pl. 4, fig. 2.

1990 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961 . — Brand, p. 142, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

non 1992 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961 . — Arias & Comas- Rengifo, p. 432, pl. 1, fig. 1.

non 1999 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Arias & Lord, p. 78, pls. 1–4.

non 2009 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961a. — Arias et al., p. 213, pl. 1, fig. 2.

non 2009 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961 . — Wilkinson & Whatley, pl. 1, fig. 2.

non 2014 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Franz et al., fig. 13Bo.

non 2017 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Tesakova, p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.

Diagnosis: Central part of the valve smooth. Anteroventrally delicate, weakly curved crests which extend towards the margin at an acute angle. In the posterior half small linked crests, more or less parallel to the margin.

Description: The central part of the valve is smooth; the lateral delicate sculpture confined to a narrow marginal zone. The anterior marginal zone is covered with fine, weakly curved and flexed crests which join at the anteroventral margin at a 35°–45° angle. Anterodorsally these crests pass into more or less subparallel to the margin, moderately curved fine ribs. As the paratype Ar 1110/5 shows these may continue along the dorsal margin (the carapace of the holotype is overgrown by ? calcite in the dorsal region). In the posterior half a narrow marginal zone is covered by very fine, irregularly linked, margin-subparallel ribs, which at their posterodorsal und posteroventral ends join the margin at an acute angle.

Comparisons: The marginal zone of Ostracode (227) Wicher, 1938 (pl. 27, Fig. 4) from the Upper Pliensbachian in N Germany is more densely ribbed with slightly diverging ribs, spread very regularly along the ventral marginal zone and reaching the margin at an acute angle. However, the dorsal marginal zone cannot be seen clearly. In Polycope cf. maculata Müller as figured by Plumhoff (1963: 18, pl. 1, figs. 3a–c) the marginal ribs do not extend to the margin but seem to be parallel to it. Polycope cf. pelta Fischer, 1961 in Dépêche (1984: 188, pl. 1, fig. 4) from the French Lower Bathonian is significantly coarser ribbed; the ornamentation covering about 80 % of the lateral surface. In the anterior part the ribs — commencing at the dorsal margin — are semicircular and more or less concentric, sub parallel to the anterior and ventral margins. In the posterodorsal region a few ribs follow the margin and bend towards the valves center at about mid height.

1963 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961. — Plumhoff , p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

1970 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961. — Whatley, p. 311, pl. 1, figs. 1–4.

non 1975 Polycope pelta Fischer 1961 . — Michelsen, p. 262, pl. 40, figs. 570–573.

1979 Polycope pelta Fischer. — Exton, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 4.

1983 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Knitter, p. 217, pl. 34, fig. 3.

1984 Polycope cf. pelta Fischer, 1961. — Dépêche, p. 188, pl. 1, fig. 4.

1984 Polycope pelta Fischer. — Exton & Grads tein, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 13.

non 1985 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Riegraf, p. 71, pl. 1, fig. 4.

v 1986 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Ainsworth, p. 289, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1999 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Arias & Lord, p. 78, pls. 1–4.

2009 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Wilkinson & Whatley, pl. 1, fig. 2.

2014 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Franz et al., fig. 13Bo.

non 2017 Polycope pelta Fischer, 1961. — Tesakova, p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.

Material: 2 C, 1 V in samples G11Fr and G20Eb.

Remark: We have set P. cf. “pelta” in quotation marks because it differs significantly from Polycope pelta Fischer. We recommend a revision of the Polycope minor — pelta — cf. pelta group on the base of the herewith refigured type specimens of Polycope pelta Fischer.

Material: 30 C and 246 V in samples G11Fr–G21Eb.

Remarks: The material comprises predominantly very small, smooth carapaces and valves with no visible ornamentation and therefore is not determinable to a species level under the microscope. It can not be excluded that they belong to different species.

1979 Bairdia sp. 3. — Exton, p. 54, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

1984 Bairdia inflata n. sp. — Knitter, p. 217, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2.

1984 Bairdia ohmerti nom. nov. — Knitter, p. 50, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1985 Bairdia inflata n. sp. — Riegraf, p. 76, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1986 Bairdia ohmerti Knitter, 1983. — Ainsworth, p. 294, pl. 2, figs. 19, 20.

2009 Bairdia ohmerti Knitter, 1983. — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 188, pl. 1, fig. 7.

2017 Bairdia sp. — Tesakova, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. 13.

Material: 5 RV, 6 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Lower Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (SW Germany, Ireland, Portugal, N Switzerland).

Remarks: The material referred to this species is overgrown by calcite and/or pyrite on the outer surface and therefore it has not been possible to see the characteristic punctate valve ornamentation.

1986 Bairdiacypris triangularis n. sp. — Ainsworth, p. 296, pl. 3, figs. 3–6, 8.

2009 Bairdiacypris triangularis Ainsworth, 1986. — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 187, pl. 1, fig. 3.

Material: 1C, 1 RV, 1 LV in sample G24Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany, Ireland).

1954 Ostracode 1099 b. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished].

1958 Cytherella callosa ampla n. ssp. — Braun, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2 [unpublished].

1963 Cytherella callosa ampla n. ssp. Braun. — Dilger, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 5–9.

1986 Cytherella apostolescui sp. nov. — Ainsworth, p. 290, pl. 1, figs. 6–13.

2009 Cytherella callosa ampla Braun in Dilger, 1963. — Franz et al., p. 130, pl. 1, fig. 1.

2017 Cytherella callosa ampla Braun in Dilger, 1963. — Tesakova, p. 44, pl. 1, figs. 3–5.

Material: 15 C, 107 RV, 88 LV in samples G14Eb–G25Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Oxfordian (SW Germany, Ireland).

Remarks: According to the today rules of the ICZN — unlike Kempf (1980) — the thesis Dilger (1963) can not be regarded as a valid publication. The new species established by Dilger (1963) have therefore to be regarded as nomina nuda. After the examination of more material from the uppermost Aalenian and Lower Bajocian, we consider C. callosa callosa and C. callosa ampla sensu Dilger (1963) as (ecological) variants of the same species. In our material there are 9 RV and 4 LV of Cytherella sp. (some of them juveniles), which could not be assigned to this species with certainty.

1888 Cytherella catenulata. — Jones & Sherborn, p. 274, pl. 5, fig. 6a–c.

1948 ? Cytherelloidea catenulata (Jones & Sherborn). — Sylvester-Bradley, p. 200, pl. 14, fig. 11.

1963a Cytherelloidea catenulata (Jones & Sherborn). — Bate, p. 184, pl. 1, figs. 3–6.

1963 Cytherelloidea catenulata ( Jones & Sherborn 1888 ). — Oertli, pl. 27, fig. h, pl. 29, fig. p.

1969 Cytherelloidea catenulata (Jones & Sherborn). — Bate, p. 396, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3.

1984 Cytherelloidea catenulata ( Jones & Sherborn, 1888 ). — Dépêche, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7, 9.

Material: 1 RV, 1 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian to Bathonian (England, France, SW Germany).

1960 Cytherelloidea cadomensis n. sp. — Bizon, p. 204, pl. 1, fig. 6, pl. 2, fig. 4.

1978 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon. — Lord, pl. 2, fig. 6.

1984 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon, 1960. — Knitter & Riegraf, p. 67, pl. 4, fig. 1.

1987 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon, 1960. — Tröster, pl. 4, fig. 5.

2009 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon, 1960. — Franz et al., p. 131, pl. 1, fig. 2.

2017 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon, 1960. — Tesakova, p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 8–10, pl. 5, fig. 9.

2017 Cytherelloidea cadomensis Bizon, 1960. — Dietze et al., pl. 9, fig. 1.

Material: 2 C, 54 RV, 43 LV in samples G14Eb–G24Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany).

Remarks: Some further, partly juvenile specimens of Cytherelloidea sp. could not be assigned to a species due to their poor preservation.

1963 Cytherelloidea curva cincta Fischer. — Dilger, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 13.

1986 Cytherelloidea lordi sp. nov. — Ainsworth, p. 292, pl. 1, figs. 20–22, pl. 2, figs. 1–5.

Material: 20 RV, 36 LV in samples G17Eb, G20Eb, G24Eb and G25Eb

Distribution: Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany, Great Britain).

Remark: Dilger (1963) redescribed and figured the species, originally described by Fischer (1957) in his unpublished thesis.

? 1986 Indet. Gen. 4 sp. A. — Ainsworth, 1986, pl. 6, figs. 9, 10, 12.

2017 Cardobairdia sp. 1. — Tesakova, p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15.

Etymology: In honour of the Russian micropalaeontologist Ekaterina M. Tesakova, who first figured this species.

Holotype: Left valve, figured on Pl. 1, Fig. 13, SMNS no. 70423-12.

Paratypes: Two carapaces, one left valve, figured on Pl. 1, Figs. 14–16, SMNS nos. 70423-13–15.

Type locality: Drillcore KB 1/93 Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Beds G12Fr–G13Fr, Zillhausen Subformation, Opalinum Zone.

Material: 12 C, 7 RV and 11 LV in samples G05Fr, G12Fr, G13Fr; further 3 C from the core drilling SB Benken (Switzerland).

Diagnosis: Carapace of medium size, subovate. Posterior margin of the left valve bluntly rounded with the greatest extension of curvature above mid-height with an obtuse cardinal angle. Posterior margin of the right valve acuminate. Valve surface smooth in anterior half, with very fine, subparallel longitudinal ribs in the posterior area.

Description: Carapace of medium size, subovate. Left valve: Anterior margin symmetrically rounded. Posterior margin valve bluntly rounded with the greatest extension of curvature above mid-height. Dorsal margin in the anterior half arched, highest point in front of mid-length, tapers straight to slightly concave towards posterior, ending in an obtuse cardinal angle. Ventral margin convex, strongly tapering towards posterior in postero-ventral region. Right valve: anterior margin slightly asymmetrically rounded with the greatest extension of curvature below mid-height. Posterior margin acuminate. Dorsal margin arched, highest point in front of mid-length, with a slight cardinal angle tapering towards the anterior. Ventral margin convex, towards the posterior slightly concave. Dorsal view subovate, maximum width medianly, right valve ends slightly concave at anterior and posterior. Left valve much larger than right, strongly overlapping along periphery, except for the posterodorsal section. Valve surface smooth in anterior half, with very fine, subparallel longitudinal ribs in the posterior area. Hinge antimerodont; left valve with dentate terminal grooves separated by a median bar. Other internal details not observed.

Comparisons: Cardobairdia tesakovae differs from Ostracod Nr. 103 Klingler, 1962 (p. 96, pl. 13, fig. 29) from the Pliensbachian and Toarcian in Germany, Krausella ? sp. 101 Oertli & Grosd idier, 1961 (p. 460, table 6) from the Toarcian in France and Cardobairdia fastnetensis Ainsworth, 1986 (p. 299, pl. 3, figs. 15, 19, 20) from the Toarcian and Aalenian in Ireland in the lack of a posterior spine in the right valve. Cardobairdia toarcensis Ainsworth, 1986 (p. 300. pl. 3, figs. 16, 21, 22) from the Toarcian and Aalenian in Ireland has a more rounded outline with an entirely convex dorsal margin and a more bluntly rounded posterior end of the right valve.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

non 1932 Bythocypris faba n. sp. — Coryell & Osorio, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 4.

1983 Bythocypris faba n. sp. — Knitter, p. 217, pl. 35, figs. 6, 7.

1984 Bythocypris dorisae nom. nov. — Knitter, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 2.

2009 Bairdiacypris dorisae ( Knitter, 1983). — Arias et al., p. 217, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12.

2017 Bythocypris dorisae Knitter, 1984. — Tesakova, p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Material: 10 C, 53 RV, 33 LV in samples G19Eb–G24Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany, Spain, N Switzerland).

Material: 2 LV in sample G20Eb Occurrence: Middle Aalenian.

Remark: Due to their poor, incomplete preservation the two specimens could not be assigned to species level.

Material: 49 C, 10 RV, 3 LV in samples G01Fr–G25Eb

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian.

Remark: The specimens are predominantly small and/or preserved in pyrite (partly internal casts) and could therefore not be assigned with certainty to any species.

1959 Macrocypris (Macrocypris)? aequabilis n. sp. — Oertli, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 74–82.

1962 Macrocypris (Macrocypris)? aequabilis Oertli 1959 . — Plumhoff , p. 18, pl. 1, figs. 4–8.

1970 Macrocypris aequabilis Oertli 1959 . — Whatley, pl. 1, figs. 17, 19, 21, 26.

2009 Macrocypris aequabilis Oertli, 1959. — Wilkinson & Whatley, p. 262, pl. 1, figs. 7–8.

2013 Macrocypris aequabilis Oertli, 1959. — Tesakova, pl. 5, fig. 3.

2017 Macrocypris (Macrocypris)? aequabilis Oertli, 1959 . — Tesakova, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. 16, pl. 5, fig. 13.

Material: 10 C, 1 RV in G04FR–G15Eb.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Oxfordian (Germany, Scotland, N Switzerland, Russia).

Macrocypris ? liassica Bate & Coleman, 1975 Pl. 2, Figs. 5–6

1975 Macrocypris ? liassica n. sp. — Bate & Coleman, p. 6, pl. 9, figs. 3, 6, 7.

1990 Macrocypris ? liassica Bate & Coleman 1975 . — Brand, p. 150, pl. 1, fig. 16.

Material: 7 C, 19 RV, 15 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (England, SW Germany); Upper Bathonian (N Germany).

Remark: Some further, partly juvenile specimens of Macrocypris sp. could not be assigned to a species due to their poor preservation.

1938 Monoceratina scrobiculata n. sp. — Triebel & Bartenstein, p. 508, pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. 6.

1949 Bythocythere calloveica n. sp. — Mandelstam, p. 262, pl. 85, fig. 9.

1955 Bythocythere calloveica Mandelstam n. sp. - Ljubimova, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 10.

1959 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Ziegler, Beilage 2, fig. 1.

1959 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Oertli, p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 92–95.

1960 Monoceratina cf. scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Lutze, p. 433, pl. 37, fig. 7.

1962 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Fischer, p. 335, pl. 19, figs. 10– 12.

1963 “Monoceratina” scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Oertli, pl. 35, fig. 2l, pl. 36, fig. 1.

1969 Monoceratina cf. scrobiculata Triebel, 1951. — Dépêche, pl. 2, fig. 9.

1970 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Whatley, p. 318, pl. 3, figs. 1– 7, 9, 10.

1976 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Kaever, p. 51, pl. 6, fig. 9.

1979 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Shepp ard, p. 113, pl. 1, figs. 1– 3; pl. 2, figs. 1– 5.

1979 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Exton, p. 56, pl. 11, fig. 6.

1980 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Bielecka et al., p. 247, pl. 73, fig. 4.

1981b Bythoceratina (Praebythoceratina) scrobiculata ( Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 ). — Herrig, p. 873, pl. 1, fig. 3.

1983 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Herngreen et al., p. 106, pl. 5, fig. 12.

1983 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 . — Knitter, p. 219, pl. 36, fig. 2.

1983 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 . — Morris, pl. 5, figs. 10– 11.

non 1984 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Bate et al., pl. 2, fig. 4.

1987 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 . — Tröster, pl. 5, fig. 18.

1988 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein. — Bielecka et al., p. 178, pl. 73, fig. 4.

1990 Bythoceratina (Praebythoceratina) scrobiculata ( Triebel & Bartenstein 1938 ). — Brand, p. 154, pl. 2, fig. 10.

2001 Bythoceratina (Praebythoceratina) scrobiculata ( Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938). — Olemps ka & Blaszyk, p. 573, fig. 13 A– D.

2001 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 . — Whatley et al., p. 137, pl. 1, fig. 3.

2008 Patellacythere calloveica ( Mandelstam, 1949 ). — Tesakova, figs. 2.8, 2.11.

2009 Bythoceratina (Praebythoceratina) scrobiculata ( Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 ). — Franz et al., p. 133, pl. 1, fig. 11.

2009 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938 . — Wilkinson & Whatley, pl. 1, figs. 13– 14.

2009 Monoceratina scrobiculata Triebel and Bartenstein, 1938 . — Arias et al., p. 217, pl. 1, figs. 13– 15.

2013 Bythoceratina scrobiculata ( Triebel et Bartenstein, 1938). — Tesakova, pl. 5, fig. 7.

Material: 1 C, 9 RV, 9 LV in samples G18Eb and G20Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Callovian (England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Scotland, Spain).

Material: 1 C, 7 RV, 11 LV in samples G13Fr– G20Eb.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian (SW Germany).

Remark: The specimens are close to Bythoceratina (Praebythoceratina) sp. 3 Dépêche, 1984 from the Lower Callovian of France.

1938 Monoceratina ungulina n. sp. — Triebel & Bartenstein, p. 506, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.

1963 Monoceratina ungulina Triebel & Bartenstein 1938. — Plumhoff , p. 48, pl. 11, fig. 166.

1999 Monoceratina ungulina Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938. — Arias & Lord, p. 92, pl. 4, fig. 6.

2009 Monoceratina ungulina Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938. — Arias et al., p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 3.

2017 Monoceratina ungulina Triebel & Bartenstein, 1938. — Tesakova, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Material: 3 C, 11 RV, 26 LV in samples G01Fr– G24Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (Germany, Spain, N Switzerland).

Material: 1 C, 1 RV, 2 LV in samples G20Eb– G24Eb

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Discites Zone).

Remark: The very small, presumably juvenile specimens could not be assigned to a known species.

Etymology: ala (lat.) = wing and costatus (lat.) = ribbed; referring to two sharp medioventral ribs, which continue onto the underside of the alate extension.

Holotype: Left valve, figured on Pl. 2, Fig. 11, SMNS no. 70423-26.

Paratypes: One right valve, two left valves, figured on Pl. 2, Figs. 12– 14, SMNS nos. 70423-27– 29.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 1C, 11 RV, 13 LV in sample G20Eb, further 3 RV and 1 LV from Bisingen-Thanheim.

Diagnosis: Small. Subtriangular outline, with two sharp, curved medioventral ribs, which continue onto the underside of the alate extension.

Description: Carapace small, subtriangular. Right and left valve (identical in outline and ornamentation): Anterior margin symmetrically rounded. The dorsal margin is straight, medianly slightly concave. The ventral margin converges, partly straight or in a slight curve, to the acuminate posterior end. The ventral margin is obscured by a broad triangular wing. The orna mentation of the valve is very variable. In most of the specimens the lateral surface possesses subvertical, sometimes irregularly curved ribs, which bend dorsally and ventrally towards the mid-borders, surrounding some irregular depressions with varying depths in the median area. In some specimens the coarse ribbing is replaced by a dense reticulation. The common and most prominent feature is a pair of ribs: one anterodorsal— anteroventral and secondly an anteromedian—mid-ventral rib, both of which continue onto the underside of the wing. Hinge antimerodont; left valve with dentate terminal grooves separated by a median bar. Other internal details not observed.

Comparisons: Cytheropterina alacostata resembles in outline and ornamentation Cytheropterina bicuneata (Braun) n. sp. from the Aalenian and Lower Bajocian in SW Germany, and Cytheropterina cribra Fischer, 1962 (p. 339, pl. 20, figs. 8– 11) from the Toarcian to Bajocian. The main difference consists in the two anteromedian ribs that continue onto the underside of the wing.

Occurrence: Achdorf Formation, Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone).

Remark: Unfortunately, the four best preserved specimens were destroyed during the transport to the SEM.

1961 Monoceratina aff. stimulea (Schwager, 1866). — Magné et al., p. 391, pl. 12, fig. 3.

1962 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) alafastigatum n. sp. — Fischer, p. 336, pl. 20, figs. 1– 6.

1975 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) alafastigatum Fischer, 1962 . — Bate & Coleman, p. 28, pl. 11, figs. 1– 6.

1981c Cytheropterina alafastigata ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Herrig, p. 1017, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1985 Cytheropteron alafastigatum Fischer, 1962. — Ainsworth, p. 301, pl. 4, fig. 4.

1988 Cytheropteron alafastigatum Fischer. — Bodergat & Donze, pl. 1, fig. 11.

2009 Cytheropteron alafastigatum Fischer, 1962. — Arias et al., p. 218, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Material: 1 C in sample G01Fr.

Distribution: Lower Toarcian to Lower Aalenian (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain).

1954 Ostracode 1379. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished].

1958 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) bicuneata n. sp. — Braun, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 1 [unpublished].

2004 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) bicuneata (Braun) in Dilger. — Ohmert, p. 89, pl. 18, fig. 2.

2009 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) bicuneata (Braun) in Dilger. — Franz et al., p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Etymology: bis (lat.) = twice and cuneatus (lat.) = cuneiform; referring to the form of the valves and the wings.

Holotype: Left valve, Ar 1134/29, refigured on Pl. 2, Fig. 16.

Paratypes: Two left valves, one carapace, figured on Pl. 2, Figs. 17– 19, SMNS nos. 70423-31– 33.

Type locality: Owen/Teck

Type horizon: “Sonninien-Schichten” [= Wedelsandstein Formation]

Material: 1 C, 120 RV, 148 LV in samples G10Fr– G24Eb.

Diagnosis: A species of the genus Cytheropterina with the following characteristics: Subtriangular carapace with broad, acuminate wings. Lateral surfaces reticulate with subvertical furrows in the anterior half.

Description: Right valve: Anterior margin dorsally skewed, marginal zone offset, moderately rounded. The dorsal margin is straight, the ventral margin converges, partly straight or slightly convex, to the acuminate posterior end. The ventral margin is obscured by a broad triangular wing, which starts close to the ventral border in the anteroventral and posteroventral corners. The lateral surface and the ventral side of the wing is covered by strong reticulation with several subvertical furrows in the anterior half of the valve. One of the major furrows starts at the anterior cardinal angle and reaches midheight or the ventral margin. A second furrow starts mid-dorsally and runs slightly irregularly undulating to the anterior leg of the wing.

Left valve: The dorsal margin is slightly convex and the anterior margin broader rounded. The sculpture is the same as in the RV.

At the dorsal margin the left valve slightly overlaps the right valve. In dorsal view the anterior margin is slightly offset. The tip of the wing lies just behind midlength of the carapace.

Hinge antimerodont; left valve with crenulate terminal sockets separated by a smooth median bar. The anterior socket is divided into six, the posterior socket into seven locules. According to the description by Dilger (1963) the muscle scars are situated on a central ridge, which corresponds to the median furrow of the outer surface: 4 adductor scars with a single anterodorsal antennal scar and a single anteroventral mandibular scar.

Comparisons: The very similar Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962) from the Toarcian to Bajocian in SW Germany differs in a broader carapace, a broader anterior margin, a smaller wing and the weaker modeled ribs. The main difference to Cytheropterina alacostata n. sp. consists in the reticulation that continues on the underside of the wing.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany).

1959 Ostracod Z 2061 Ziegler. — Ziegler, Beilage 2, fig. 2.

1962 Ostracod N 96 Klingler. — Klingler, p. 112, pl. 14, fig. 58.

1962 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) bispinosum cribrum n. ssp. — Fischer, p. 339, pl. 20, figs. 8– 11.

1963 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) bispinosum cribrum Fischer, 1962 . — Plumhoff , p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 117– 119.

1981c Cytheropterina cribra ziegleri Stoermer & Wienholz, 1967 . — Herrig, p.1018, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.

1983 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Knitter, p. 221, pl. 37, fig. 2.

1983 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Knitter & Ohmert, pl. 5, fig. 1.

1986 Cytheropteron bispinosum cribrum Fischer, 1962 . — Ainsworth, p. 301, pl. 4, fig. 6.

1987 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Tröster, pl. 5, fig. 17.

1988 Cytheropterina cribra (Fischer). — Bodergat & Donze, pl. 1, figs. 14, 18.

2009 Cytheropteron cribrum ( Fischer, 1962). — Arias et al., p. 220, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6.

2009 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Franz et al., p. 134, pl. 1, fig. 18.

2017 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Tesakova, p. 35, pl. 2, figs. 4– 7.

2017 Cytheropterina cribra ( Fischer, 1962 ). — Dietze et al., pl. 9, fig. f.

Material: 9 C, 34 RV, 35 LV in samples G01Fr– G24Eb.

Distribution: Lower Toarcian to Upper Bajocian (France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, N Switzerland).

Remark : Some further specimens of Cytheropterina sp. could not be assigned to a species due to their poor preservation.

1991 Procytherura bispinata n. sp. — Ballent, p. 37, pl. 2, figs. 8– 11.

2009 Procytherura bispinata Ballent, 1991. — Ballent & Whatley, p. 206, pl. 2, figs. 18– 19.

Material: 1 RV in sample G02Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (Argentina, Germany).

Remark: We name this species P. aff. bispinata, since the identity with the species previously known only from Argentina is not proven.

1986 Procytherura celtica sp. nov. — Ainsworth, p. 303, pl. 4, figs. 8– 11.

non 1991 Procytherura cf. celtica Ainsworth, 1986. — Ballent, p. 36, pl. 2, fig. 7.

? 2000 Procytherura celtica Ainsworth, 1986 . — Ballent & Whatley, p. 231, fig. 2H.

non 2009 Procytherura celtica Ainsworth, 1986 . — Ballent & Whatley, p. 207, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Material: 1 RV in sample G13Fr.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (Germany, Ireland).

2001 Procytherura didictyon n. sp. — Whatley et al., p. 146, pl. 3, figs. 3– 8, 10.

2013 Procytherura didiction Whatley, Ballent & Armitage, 2001. — Tesakova, pl. 5, fig. 15.

Material: 1 RV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian, Bradfordensis Zone (SW Germany), Callovian (England, Russia).

Remark: Whatley et al. (2001) described this species from the Callovian of England. Our specimen from the Middle Aalenian is very similar. Because of the difference in age, we leave this specimen as P. aff. didictyon.

1986 Procytherura euglyphea n. sp. — Ainsworth, p. 303, pl. 4, figs. 12– 15.

v 1991 Procytherura euglyphea Ainsworth, 1986. — Ballent, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 6.

2009 Procytherura euglyphea Ainsworth, 1986. — Ballent & Whatley, p. 233, fig. 2I.

2009 Procytherura euglyphea Ainsworth, 1986. — Ballent & Whatley, p. 207, pl. 3, fig. 2.

2009 Procytherura euglyphea Ainsworth, 1986 . — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 196, pl. 4, fig. 7.

Material: 4 RV, 1 LV in samples G10FR– G20Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (Argentina, SW Germany, Ireland).

1986 Procytherura multicostata n. sp. — Ainsworth, p. 304, Textfig. 1, pl. 4, figs. 16– 18, 23, 24.

2009 Procytherura multicostata Ainsworth, 1986. — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 195, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Material: 3 RV, 1 LV in samples G20Eb and G24Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany, Ireland).

1963 Gen. et sp. inc. 4 — Plumhoff , p. 52, pl. 12, figs. 183– 185.

2001 Procytherura pleuraperiousis sp. nov. — Whatley et al., p. 145, pl. 2, figs. 15– 18, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.

2013 Procytherura pleuraperiousios Whatley, Ballent & Armitage, 2001. — Tesakova, pl. 5, fig. 14.

Material: 1 RV, 3 LV in G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian, Bradfordensis Zone (Germany); Callovian (S England, Russia).

Remark: Whatley et al. described this species from the Callovian of England. Our specimens from the Middle Aalenian are very similar. Because of the difference in age, we leave these as P. aff. pleuraperiousis.

1991 Procytherura? sp. — Ballent, p. 38, pl. 2, fig. 12.

2000 Procytherura serangodes n. sp. — Ballent & Whatley, p. 230, figs. 2A– F.

2004 Procytherura serangodes Ballent & Whatley. — Ballent, fig. 6 P.

Material: 3 C in samples G01Fr– G05Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany); Mid Callovian (Argentina).

Remark: We name this species P. aff. serangodes, since the identity with the species previously known only from the Callovian of Argentina is not proven.

Material: 1 RV in sample G10Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 1 C in sample G12Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 2 LV in samples G14Eb and G20Eb.

Occurrence: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Opalinum to Bradfordensis zones).

Material: 1 RV in sample G20Eb.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone).

2017 Tethysia sp. 1. — Tesakova, p. 37, pl. 6, figs. 14, 15.

Material: 1 C, 5 RV, 2 LV in samples G11Fr, G13Fr and G20Eb.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

Remark: A single right valve found in sample G04Fr could only be determined as Tethysia sp. due to its poor preservation.

1975 Eucytherura liassica n. sp. - Bate & Coleman, p. 40, pl. 15, figs. 9– 11,14.

non 1983 Eucytherura liassica Bate & Coleman, 1975 . — Knitter, p. 224, pl. 38, figs. 5, 6.

?1986 Rutlandella batei sp. nov. — Ainsworth, p. 307, pl. 5, figs. 13, 14, 17, 18.

1999 Eucytherura liassica Bate & Coleman, 1975 . — Arias & Lord, p. 224, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Material: 1C, 1 RV, 2 LV in samples G09FR and G20Eb.

Distribution: Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (England, SW Germany).

1975 Acrocythere tricostata n. sp. — Michelsen, p. 158, pl. 9, figs. 131– 142, pl. 11, figs. 157, 158, text-fig. 26.

1983 Acrocythere michelseni nom. nov. — Finger, p. 110.

v 1991 Eucytherura argentina n. sp. — Ballent, p. 34, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3.

2009 Eucytherura michelseni ( Finger, 1983). — Ballent & Whatley, p. 199, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17.

2009 Acrocythere michelseni ( Finger, 1983). — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 195, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Material: 1 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Upper Pliensbachian to Lower Bajocian (Denmark, England, Sweden, Germany, Argentina, ? Australia).

1990 Renicytherura (Renicytherura) parairregularis n. sp. — Brand, p. 172, pl. 6, figs. 1– 6.

2017 Renicytherura cf. parairregularis Brand, 1990 . — Dietze et al., pl. 10, fig. o.

Material: 1 C, 1 RV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian to Late Bathonian (Germany).

Remarks: We do not agree with Whatley & Boomer (2000), who regarded Renicytherura as congeneric with Mockella Bunza & Kozur (1971). According to the description both genera are very similar, but there are clear differences in the outline and sculpture of the carapace:

— Renicytherura posseses an eye tubercle (in the Lower Jurassic with an adjacent anterodorsal rib), a distinct anterior cardinal angle in the LV and a posterior caudal process, situated above mid-height. The hinge is merodont — peratodont.

— In Mockella the eye tubercles and the anterodorsal rib are absent, the anterior is symmetrically rounded with no clear cardinal angle, while the posterior end is flattened. The hinge is lophodont.

Instead of uniting Mockella from the Tethyan Alpine Triassic with Renicytherura from the epicontinental Jurassic, the present authors assign the latter genus to Eucytherura. This is supported by numerous morphological transitions between species of Eucytherura, Renicytherura and Vesticytherura (E. Tesakova, pers. comm.).

2017 Eucytherura plumhoffi n. sp. — Tesakova, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13, pl. 7, fig. 3.

Material: 30 C, 4 RV, 7 LV in samples G02Fr– G20Eb.

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

2017 Gen. et sp. 9 — Tesakova, pl. 4, fig. 16.

Material: 18 C, 1 RV in samples G04Fr– G20Eb.

Occurrence: Lower to Middle Aalenian (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

1970 Eucytherura (Vesticytherura) scottia n. sp. — Whatley, p. 328, pl. 7, figs. 7– 13.

1994 Eucytherura (Vesticytherura) scottia Whatley, 1970. — Witte & Liss enberg, p. 32, pl. 9, figs. 21, 22.

2003 Vesticytherura scottia ( Whatley, 1970). — Tesakova, p. 171, pl. 4, fig. 15.

2009 Eucytherura (Vesticytherura) scottia Whatley, 1970. — Wilkinson & Whatley, p. 270, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.

Material: 1 RV, 3 LV in samples G03Fr, G17Eb and G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Oxfordian (England, Germany, Netherlands, Scotland, Russia).

Remark: Whatley described this species from the Callovian and Oxfordian in Scotland. Our specimens from the Middle Aalenian are very similar. Because of the difference in age, we leave these as E. aff. scottia.

1975 Rutlandella transversiplicata n. sp. - Bate & Coleman, p. 34, pl. 13, figs. 7– 10, 12; figs. 14a, b, 15, 16.

1986 Rutlandella transversiplicata Bate & Coleman, 1975 . — Ainsworth, pl. 5, fig. 15.

v 1987 Rutlandella? sp. A. — Ballent, p. 108, pl. 5, fig. 11; pl. 6, fig. 1.

v 1991 Rutlandella cf. transversiplicata Bate and Coleman, 1975 . — Ballent, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.

v 1991 Rutlandella sp. A. — Ballent, p. 39, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4.

v 1996 Eucytherura transversiplicata ( Bate and Coleman, 1975). — Ballent & Whatley, p. 148, pl. 1, fig. 15.

2009 Eucytherura transversiplicata ( Bate & Coleman, 1975 ). — Ballent & Whatley, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.

2009 Rutlandella transversiplicata Bate & Coleman, 1975 . — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 195, pl. 4, fig. 6.

2017 Rutlandella transversiplicata Bate et Coleman, 1975 . — Tesakova, pl. 2, fig. 15.

2017 Rutlandella transversiplicata Bate & Coleman, 1975 . — Dietze et al., pl. 10, fig. 1.

Material: 2 C, 1 RV in G20Eb.

Distribution: Pliensbachian to Bajocian (Argentina, Egypt, England, Germany, Ireland, North Africa, Wales).

2017 Gen. et sp. 14 — Tesakova, pl. 4, fig. 21.

Material: 17 C, 1 RV in samples G02Fr– G13Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

Material: 5 C, 1 RV in samples G02Fr– G10Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 21 RV, 2 RV, 2 LV in samples G04Fr– G20Eb.

Occurrence: Lower to Middle Aalenian, (Opalinum Zone to Bradfordensis Zone).

Material: 19 C, 1 LV in samples G04Fr– G13Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 5 RV, 1 LV in samples G11Fr, G15Eb and G20Eb.

Occurrence: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Opalinum Zone to Bradfordensis Zone).

Material: 1 LV in sample G11Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

2004 Rutlandella sp. — Ohmert, p. 98, pl. 17, Fig. 8

Material: 1 LV in G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Ovale Zone); SW Germany.

Etymology: From bis (lat.) = double and sulcus (lat.) = furrow; after the two vertical furrows in the anterior half of the valve, close to midlength.

Holotype: One carapace, figured in Pl. 4, Fig. 1, SMNS no. 70423-60.

Paratype: One carapace, figured in Pl. 4, Fig. 2, SMNS no. 70423-61.

Type locality: Drillcore KB 1/93 Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Zillhausen Subformation, sample G08Fr, Lower Aalenian.

Material: 4 C in samples G08Fr– G13Fr.

Diagnosis: A small-sized species of the genus Infracytheropteron with two vertical furrows situated in the anterior half of the lateral area and with a curved midventral rib that terminates posteroventrally in a short, rounded alar process.

Description: Carapace in lateral view converging to the posterior, the caudal process broken off in all specimens. Anterior margin broad symmetrically rounded. Dorsal margin slightly convex, anterior dorsal angle rounded. Ventral margin convex, right valve overlaps left valve slightly along the dorsal margin. Greatest length slightly below the dorsal margin, greatest height at the anterior dorsal angle. Lateral surface divided by two vertical furrows in the ratio 1 : 2. At the ventral margin a broad, curved rib, which terminates posteriorly in a roundish button-like stub wing. Maximum width of the wings = 1/2 length of the carapace, dorsal margin straight. Ventral margin straight, obscured by alar projection, ventral surface slightly depressed. Lateral surface smooth at the anterior and posterior ends, indistinctly coarsely reticulate on both sides of the vertical double furrow. Internal details not observed.

Comparisons: Infracytheropteron pseudoelegans Brand, 1990 (p. 181, pl. 7, figs. 10– 16), as well as Infracytheropteron sp. 1, I. sp. 2 and I. sp. 4 Brand, 1990 (p. 179 f., pl. 8, figs. 1– 7) from the Bathonian in northern Germany are all distinguished by reticulate surfaces.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone), SW Germany.

Material: 1 LV in sample G11Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Remark: The assignment of the fragmentarily preserved specimen to the genus Infracytheropteron is uncertain.

Etymology: From catena (lat.) = chain, after the mediodorsal to medioventral semicircular, chainlike row of round pits.

Holotype: Right valve, figured in Pl. 4, Fig. 4, SMNS no. 70423-63.

Paratypes: Two left valves, figured in Pl. 4, Figs. 5– 6, SMNS nos. 70423-64– 65.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 27 RV, 21 LV in samples G19Eb and G20Eb.

Diagnosis: Small. A coarsely reticulated species of the genus Procytheropteron, whose irregular meshes are irregularly arranged around the muscle field. The outermost, semicircular row of pits on the wing-like overhang is characterized by uniform meshes decreasing from medio-ventral towards the anteroand posterodorsal areas.

Description: Small. Dorsal margin very slightly convex to convex, extending into the asymmetrically rounded anterior margin with a distinct cardinal angle. Posterior margin ending in a narrow, rounded tip, postero-dorsally concave, postero- ventrally slightly convex extending into the convex ventral margin. Valves ventrolaterally swollen and overhanging, towards the anterior bounded by a steep drop to the flat, narrow marginal zone. The anterior end of the carapace therefore looks dull in dorsal view. A curved, dorsoventral depression situated in front of the muscle field. Two strong, curved vertical ribs surround the muscle attachment field on the valve surface. The muscle field is surrounded by a semicircular row of circular meshes, decreasing from the wing-like overhang (medio-ventrally) towards the antero- and posterodorsal areas. Posterior part of the valve coarsely reticulated.

Hinge: Merodont. Left valve with a smooth or weakly crenulate hinge bar, terminated by fusiform crenulate sockets. Posterior socket as far as recognizable with seven vallums, anterior socket with six vallums. Other internal details not observed.

Comparison: Procytheropteron stephanodes Ohmert, 2004 (p. 94, text-fig. 24, pl. 17, fig. 6) from the Discites Zone in SW Germany has irregular meshes, surrounding the muscle field in high-oval, concentric rows, which are ventrally bounded by strong ribs.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian, Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone (southwest Germany).

Material: 1 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone).

1963 Metacytheropteron opalinum n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 120– 124.

Material: 15 C, 8 RV, 6 LV in samples G07Fr– G13Fr.

Distribution: Late Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (Germany).

1954 Ostracode 1496. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished].

1963 Pleurocythere kanonica n. sp. — Dilger, p. 41, pl. 3, figs. 63– 65.

1996 Aphelocythere kanonika (Dilger). — Ohmert, fig. 30f.

2009 Aphelocythere kanonica ( Dilger, 1963 ). — Franz et al., p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 3.

Etymology: After the German micropalaeontogist Harald Dilger, who first described this species.

Holotype: Left valve, Ar 1186/72, Pl. 4, Fig. 9.

Paratypes: Two left valves, Ar 1186/72, 74, two right valves, Ar 1186/73, 75.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Upper Opalinuston Formation, sample G11Fr

Material: 10 RV, 6 LV in samples G03Fr– G18Eb.

Diagnosis: A species of the genus Aphelocythere with the following special features: Irregular reticulation strongly developed. One rib along the ventral margin, turning at a 90° angle into a subvertical direction close to the anterior margin, ending in an eye tubercle. Second rib along the dorsal margin, starting behind the eye tubercle, turning close to the posterior cardinal angle with a semicircular curve into a subhorizontal median rib.

Description: Carapace of medium to large size, elongate subrectangular. Anterior margin bluntly rounded. Posterior margin acuminate at about mid height. Dorsal margin concave, cardinal angles rounded. In the posterior part the dorsal rib forms a keel-like outline.

On the lateral surface well developed irregular reticulation, except for a small unornamented zone at the posterior margin. The subvertical ribs of the reticulation more prominent in the posterior part of the valve. The slightly convex ventral margin is hidden by the ventral rib which bends in a subvertical direction shortly before the anterior margin at a wide rounded right angle. It ends anterodorsally with the eye tubercle. It is paralleled by a minor rib along the anterior margin. A second rib starts just behind the eye tubercle. Shortly before the posterior cardinal angle it bends semicircularly downwards and runs subhorizontally to the middle of the valve and from there with a slight bend diagonally to the anteroventral corner.

Hinge (description after Dilger 1963): Antimerodont: Terminal sockets in the left valve loculate, the anterior terminal socket possessing 4 locules, the posterior socket possessing 5 locules; narrow median bar, weakly grooved. Broad marginal zone, other internal details not observed.

Comparison: Aphelocythere recta Ohmert, 2004 from the Lower Bajocian possesses a strictly horizontal median rib; the other Middle Jurassic representatives of the genus are only weakly ornamented.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (SW Germany).

1963 Aphelocythere hamata n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 25– 28.

Material: 8 C, 2 LV in samples G01Fr– G12Fr.

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Germany).

1959 Aphelocythere kuhni n. sp. - Triebel & Klingler, p. 341, pl. 6, figs. 11– 19; pl. 7, figs. 20, 21; pl. 12, figs. 59– 61.

1962 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler 1959 . — Klingler, p. 112, pl. 14, fig. 55.

1962 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler 1959 . — Brand & Fahrion, p. 139, pl. 20, fig. 2.

1963 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Plumhoff, p. 21, pl. 2, figs. 23, 24.

1967 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Plumhoff, p. 553, pl. 1, figs. 10– 14.

1981c Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Herrig, p. 1023, pl. 2, fig. 7.

1983 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Knitter, p. 220, pl. 36, figs. 5, 6.

1983 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Knitter & Ohmert, pl. 5, fig. 8.

1987 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Tröster, pl. 5, fig. 8.

1994 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler. — Ohmert, fig. 30e.

1999 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959 . — Arias & Lord, p. 226, pl. 2, fig. 6.

2009 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959. — Franz et al., p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 4, 5.

2017 Aphelocythere kuhni Triebel & Klingler, 1959. — Tesakova, p. 50, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Material: 14 C, 23 RV, 33 LV in samples G02Fr– G20Eb.

Distribution: Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (Germany, Spain, Switzerland). Aphelocythere kuhni is the index species of the Kuhni ostracod Zone ( Ohmert 2004).

1963 Aphelocythere ? pygmaea n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 43; pl. 3, figs. 44– 46.

2017 Gen. et sp. 3. — Tesakova, p. 46, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9.

Material: 228 C, 2 RV, 4 LV in samples G01Fr– G13Fr

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Germany, Switzerland).

1963 Aphelocythere ? sp. 1. — Plumhoff , p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 47, 48. 2017 Gen. et sp. 7 — Tesakova, p. 60, pl. 4, fig. 14.

Material: 28 C, 3 RV, 1 LV in samples G01Fr– G17Eb.

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian, Germany, N Switzerland.

1963 Asciocythere mystron n. sp. — Dilger, p. 32, pl. 3, figs. 50– 54.

Material: 8 C, 85 RV, 109 LV in samples G01Fr– G24Eb.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (Opalinum Zone to Discites Zone), SW Germany.

Remark: We have set Asciocythere in question marks because the assignment of this species to the genus Asciocythere is doubtful. Asciocythere mystron is a nomen nudum according to the rules of the ICZN.

Etymology: After the concentrically arranged pits, gradually reduced in size towards the margins.

Holotype: Left valve figured on Pl. 5, Fig. 1, SMNS no. 70423-78.

Paratypes: One right valve, one left valve, one carapace, figured on plate 5, Figs. 2– 4, SMNS nos. 70423-79– 81.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 1 C, 10 RV, 15 LV in sample G20Eb.

Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of the genus Praeschuleridea, in lateral view triangular-oval. Medium-sized pits irregularly distributed over the valve surface, surrounded by three rows of essentially smaller pits that run parallel to the margin.

Description: Medium-sized. Left valve: Dorsal outline strongly convex, behind the posterior hinge sloping slightly concave to the blunt tip of the posterior margin. Ventral margin convex. Right valve: Dorsal outline slightly to moderately convex, with two cardinal angles sloping straight to the anterior and posterior margin, the latter ending in a short, blunt tip. Valve ventrolaterally swollen and mid-ventrally overhanging the convex margin, towards the anterior sloping gently to the flattened marginal zone. Medium-sized pits irregularly distributed over the valve surface, anteroventral to mid-dorsal surrounded by three rows of essentially smaller pits that run parallel to the margin in the posterior half of the carapace.

Hinge paleohemimerodont, with terminal indented sockets and a smooth median groove upon a finely serrated median bar in the left valve.

Comparisons: The main differences to the similar isochronous species Praeschuleridea ventriosa ventriosa ( Plumhoff , 1963: 36, pl. 6, figs. 95– 98), P. punctulata ( Plumhoff, 1963: 33, pl. 5, figs. 83– 87, pl. 6, fig. 88) from the Toarcian to Bajocian and P. ornata ( Bate, 1963b: 37, pl. 9, figs. 9– 12, pl. 10, figs. 1– 3) from the Aalenian and Bajocian are the short caudal process in the posterior margin and the absence of vertically arranged pits, which are separated by vertical ribs. Praeschuleridea angulata ( Plumhoff , 1963: 36, pl. 6, figs. 99, 100) from the Toarcian to Aalenian has the same outline but differs in the irregular gross reticulation.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone), southwest Germany.

1954 Ostracode 875. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished]. v 1963b Paraschuleridea ornata sp. nov. — Bate, p. 37, pl. 9, figs. 9– 12; pl. 10, figs. 1– 3; fig. 2.

v 1963b Praeschuleridea ventriosa ventriosa (Plumhoff ). — Bate, p. 39, pl. 10, figs. 8– 13; pl. 11, figs. 1– 9; pl. 12, figs. 1– 3, 7, 8.

1968 Praeschuleridea decorata sp. nov. — Bate, p. 211, figs. 1, 3 (1– 5), 4 (1– 3).

2009 Praeschuleridea decorata Bate, 1968 . — Bate, p. 214, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.

Material: 140 C, 150 RV, 344 LV in samples G11FR– G26Eb.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (England, Germany).

Remark: We cannot see clearly the distinction between Praeschuleridea ornata ( Bate, 1963b) and P. decorata Bate, 1968. In our opinion the specimens shown in Malz (1966: pl. 49, 26, 27) and Bate (2009: pls. 1, 7, 8) belong to the same species.

1963 Procytheridea? punctulata n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 33, pl. 5, figs. 83– 87; pl. 6, fig. 88.

1983 Praeschuleridea punctulata ( Plumhoff , 1963 ). — Knitter, p. 228, pl. 40, figs. 3, 4.

2009 Praeschuleridea punctulata ( Plumhoff , 1963 ). — Arias et al., p. 224, pl. 3, fig. 4.

2017 Praeschuleridea punctulata ( Plumhoff , 1963 ). — Tesakova, p. 51, pl. 3, fig. 11.

Material: 13 C, 37 RV, 40 LV in samples G01Fr– G22Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (Germany, Spain, Switzerland).

v part. 1935 Cytheridea aff. subperforata J. — Fahrion, 10-25, table 1.

1962 Ostracode Nr. 101 Klingler. — Brand & Fahrion, p. 127, pl. 16 (Fauna 1), fig. 2; (Fauna 6) fig. 6; [non pl. 17 (Fauna 9), fig. 7].

1962 Ostracode Nr. 101 Klingler. — Klingler, p. 78, tab. 7; pl. 11a, fig. 3; pl. 14, fig. 57.

1963 Procytheridea? ventriosa ventriosa n. sp. Fischer 1963 . — Plumhoff , p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 95– 98.

1966 Praeschuleridea ventriosa ( Plumhoff 1963 ). — Malz, p. 394, pl. 49, figs. 21– 23.

1983 Praeschuleridea ventriosa (Fischer in Plumhoff , 1963 ). — Knitter, p. 229, pl. 40, figs. 7, 8.

2009 Praeschuleridea ventriosa ( Plumhoff , 1963 ). — Arias et al., p. 225, pl. 3, figs. 5– 8.

2017 Praeschuleridea ventriosa ventriosa (Fischer in Plumhoff, 1963 ). — Tesakova, p. 50, pl. 3, figs. 2– 7.

Material: 55 C, 30 RV, 41 LV in samples G02Fr– G20Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (Germany, Spain, Switzerland).

Remark: Some additional specimens of Praeschuleridea sp. in samples G21Eb — G26Eb could not be determined to the species level due to attached sediment (mostly quartz grains) and/or their fragmentary preservation.

1963a Pleurocythere kirtonensis sp.nov. — Bate, p. 203, pl. 10, figs. 14– 18, pl. 11, figs. 1– 5.

non 2004 Pleurocythere cf. kirtonensis Bate. — Ohmert, p. 93, pl. 17, fig. 17; pl. 18. fig. 3.

Material: 1 RV, 2 LV in samples G20Eb– G24Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (England, southwest Germany).

2004 Pleurocythere cf. kirtonensis Bate. — Ohmert, p. 93, pl. 17, fig. 17; pl. 18. fig. 3.

Etymology: In honour of the German micropalaeontologist Wolf Ohmert†, who first described the species as Pleurocythere cf. kirtonensis.

Holotype: Right valve, figured on Pl. 5, Fig. 9, SMNS no. 70423-86.

Paratypes: Two left valves, one carapace, figured on Pl. 5, Figs. 10– 12, SMNS nos. 70423-87– 89.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 2 C, 12 RV, 17 LV in samples G19Eb and G20Eb; further material from the sections Balingen-Zillhausen, Bisingen-Thanheim, Breitenbach near Reutlingen and Ringsheim.

Diagnosis: Medium-sized. A species of the genus Pleurocythere with the following characteristics: Dorsal rib present on both valves, at its posterior end connected with the middle rib. The middle rib does not extend down to the ventral rib, the ventral rib extends to the anterior but not the posterior margin. The anterior rib commences at the eye tubercle and extends to the anterior margin below mid-height. Intercostal areas intensely reticulated.

Description: Medium-sized. Carapace elongate, rounded anteriorly, posteriorly in the right valve triangular, in the left valve bluntly rounded. Dorsal margin in both valves straight, in the right valve with two cardinal angles. Dorsal, posterior and ventral marginal zone keel-like. A dorsal rib is present on both valves, in the left valve terminating before mid-length. The middle rib is connected at its posterior end with the dorsal rib, in the right valve in a tight curve, in the left at an acute angle. Its downward sloping anterior end does not reach the ventral rib. The slightly undulating ventral rib commences in front of the posterior margin and extends to the anterior margin. The anterior rib commences behind the anterior cardinal angle with an eye tubercle and terminates below the mid-height at the anterior margin. A small transverse rib extends from the middle rib obliquely towards the anterior rib, but does not extend to it. Intercostal areas strongly reticulated.

Hinge merodont, consisting in the right valve of six terminal teeth at each end and a median bar. Further internal details not observed.

Comparisons: Pleurocythere kirtonensis Bate, 1963a (p. 203, pl. 10, figs. 14– 18, pl. 11, figs. 1– 5) from the Ovale Zone in England differs in having a convex dorsal outline, an anterior marginal ridge and the weakly developed or absent dorsal rib in the left valve. Pleurocythere laticosta Braun, 1958 (p. 41, pl. 3, figs. 1a– c) from the Bajocian in Germany has broader ribs and a significant bulge above the anterior hinge element; the latter is absent in P. ohmerti as Ohmert (2004) stated. The younger (Upper Bajocian and Bathonian) representatives of the genus normally possess more rounded posterior margins, while the middle rib is connected with the frontal rib.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Laeviuscula Zone), southwest Germany.

Material: 1 RV in sample G13Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

1963 Acrocythere pumila n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 13– 16.

2017 Acrocythere pumila Plumhoff , 1963. — Tesakova, p. 46, pl. 2, fig. 14.

Material: 15 C, 5 RV, 12 LV in samples G04Fr– G13Fr.

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Germany, Switzerland).

v 1958 Clithrocytheridea biconcava n. sp. — Braun, p. 37, pl. 2, fig. 8c.

1963 Procytheridea apion n. sp. — Dilger, p. 50, pl. 4, figs. 79– 82.

1963 Homocytheridea ? punctulata n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 33, pl. 5, figs. 83– 87, pl. 6, fig. 88

Material: 83 internal casts in sample G21Eb, 11 C, 18 RV,18 LV in sample G22Eb.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian to ? Bajocian (southwest Germany).

Remarks: We assign this species tentatively to the genus Homocytheridea because of the similarity in outline and hinge structure. The broad anterior marginal zone as well as the characteristic medial indentation, which corresponds with a curvature on the inside of the shell, seem to be the same as in Procytheridea ? punctulata Plumhoff , 1963. The majority of our specimens differs in a greater length of the valves.

A further left valve of a ? Homocytheridea” sp. in sample G20Eb could not be determined to the specific level.

1963 Camptocythere foveolata prima n. ssp. — Plumhoff , p. 44, pl. 9, figs. 138– 140.

Material: 14 C, 31 RV, 17 LV in samples G14Eb– G18Eb.

Distribution: Lower to Middle Aalenian (Germany).

1963 Aaleniella compressa n. sp. — Plumhoff , p. 38, pl. 7, figs. 107– 114.

Material: 5 RV, 7 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Aalenian to Lower Bajocian (Germany).

Remark: A single carapace from the Opalinuston (sample G09Fr, Pl. 5, Fig. 23) was tentatively assigned to the genus Aaleniella because of the similarity of the outline.

1954 Ostracode 1083. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished].

1957 Cytheropteron (Cytheropteron) falcatum n. sp. — Fischer, p. 70, pl. 11, figs. 3– 7 [unpublished].

1962 Ostracod N 86 Klingler. — Klingler, p. 106, pl. 14, fig. 47.

1963 Procytheridea falcata (Fischer). — Dilger, p. 57, pl. 5, figs. 93– 95.

1983 Gen. et sp. indet. 1. — Knitter, p. 230, pl. 34, figs. 8, 9.

1983 Gen. et sp. indet. 1 sensu Knitter. — Knitter & Ohmert, pl. 5, fig. 2.

1984 Supratoarcina supratoarcensis n. gen. n. sp. — Knitter & Riegraf, p. 70, pl. 5, figs. 1– 3.

1987 Supratoarcina supratoarcensis Knitter & Riegraf, 1984. — Tröster, pl. 4, fig. 12.

2009 Supratoarcina supratoarcensis Knitter & Riegraf, 1984 . — Franz et al., p. 138, pl. 3, fig. 9.

Material: 9 C, 110 RV, 104 LV in samples G14Eb– G23Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Upper Aalenian (southwest Germany, Switzerland).

Remarks: The comparison of holotypes showed that Supratoarcina supratoarcensis Knitter is identical to Cytheropteron (C.) falcatum ( Fischer, 1957 ). As Fischer's holotype has never been published, Cytheropteron (C.) falcatum and Procytheridea falcata (Fischer) are both nomina nuda.

Etymology: scutula (lat.) = rhomb, referring to the rhomboidal arrangement of the ribs.

Holotype: Right valve, figured on Pl. 6, Fig. 1, SMNS no. 70423-103.

Paratype: One left valve, figured on Pl. 6, Fig. 2, SMNS no. 70423-104.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 1 RV, 5 LV in sample G20Eb.

Diagnosis: A medium-sized species of the genus Progonocythere with fine rhomboidally arranged ribs. Valve surface covered by small pits decreasing in size from the valve center to the margins. Parallel to the anterior margin a prominent dorso-ventral arcuate rib.

Description: Left valve: Anterior margin symmetrically rounded, gradually passing into the convex dorsal and ventral margins. Greatest height immediately in front of midlength, the straight to slightly convex dorsal margin gently sloping towards the posterior. The posterior margin asymmetrically rounded, with the greatest extension of curvature below midheight. Valve ventrolaterally swollen and mid-ventrally slightly overhanging the convex margin. Right valve: Anterior and posterior margins asymmetrically rounded, with the greatest extension of curvature below mid-height. Dorsal margin strongly convex around the anterior hinge, gently and straight sloping towards the posterior. The anterodorsal margin straight, relatively steeply sloping towards the anterior. Valve ventrolaterally swollen and mid-ventrally slightly overhanging the convex margin. The sculpture is dominated by a four-sided, asymmetrically diamond-shaped field and consists of a pattern of low, relatively fine ribs. Between the ribs the valve surface is covered by pits decreasing in size from the valve center to the margins of the valve. The anterior margin is paralleled by an arcuate rib which traverses the ribs of the main sculpture at an acute angle. No internal details observed.

Comparison: Progonocythere triangulata Braun in Ohmert, 2004 (p. 96, pl. 16, figs. 13– 14, pl. 18, fig. 1) from the Lower Bajocian shows a triangular arrangement of the main sculpture.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone), southwest Germany.

1958 Progonocythere triangulata n. sp. — Braun, p. 60, pl. 3, figs. 8a, b.

2004 Progonocythere triangulata Braun n. sp. — Ohmert, p. 96, pl. 16, figs. 13, 14; pl. 18, fig. 1.

Material: 28 C, 77 RV, 110 LV in samples G24Eb– G26Eb.

Distribution: Lower Bajocian (southwest Germany). Progonocythere triangulata is the index species of the Triangulata ostracod Subzone ( Ohmert 2004).

Remark: In sample G24Eb (Lower Bajocian) we found three right and one left valves without any ornamentation (under the microscope) which we assign also to Progonocythere. It cannot be excluded that their smoothness is the result of weathering or some other destructive process.

1960 Procytheridea bucki n. sp. — Bizon, p. 205, pl. 1, figs. 2a– e.

1975 Kinkelinella (E.) bucki (Bizon). — Bate & Coleman, fig. 11a.

1983 Kinkelinella (Ektyphocythere) debilis Bate & Coleman, 1975. — Knitter, p. 226, pl. 39/1.

1983 Ektyphocythere debilis Bate & Coleman, 1975. — Knitter in Knitter & Ohmert, pl. 4, fig. 8.

1984 Kinkelinella (Ektyphocythere) bucki ( Bizon, 1960). — Knitter, p. 52, pl. 1, fig. 4.

1985 Kinkelinella (Ektyphocythere) bucki ( Bizon, 1960). — Riegraf, p. 81, pl. 3, fig. 18.

1986 Ektyphocythere cf. E. intrepida ( Bate & Coleman, 1975 ). — Ainsworth, p. 316, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6, 9.

1992 Ektyphocythere anterocosta Boomer. — Arias et al., pl. 2, fig. 16.

1992 Ektyphocythere ambo n. sp. — Boomer, p. 56, pl. 2, figs. 1– 3.

1999 Ektyphocythere bucki ( Bizon, 1960). — Arias & Lord, p. 228, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Material: 1 RV in sample G01Fr

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Lower Aalenian (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Spain).

Remark: A further specimen of Ektyphocythere sp. in sample G14Eb could not be assigned with certainty to a known species.

v 1963 Procytheridea adunca Fischer. — Plumhoff , p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 64, 65.

non 1963 Procytheridea adunca n. sp. — Fischer, p. 296, fig. 1.

1966 Kinkelinella adunca ( Plumhoff 1963). — Malz, p. 386, pl. 48, figs. 1– 3.

Material: 43 RV, 23 LV in samples G18Eb to G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Discites Zone).

Remark: A number of specimens in sample G20Eb have a very delicate sculpture, so that they have only tentatively been assigned to this species.

1954 Ostracode 1709a. — Buck, Ostracodentabelle [unpublished].

1962 Ostracod N 94 Klingler. — Klingler, p. 110, pl. 11, fig. 6; pl. 14, fig. 53.

1966 Kinkelinella fischeri n. sp. — Malz, p. 389, pl. 48, figs. 4– 14.

1978 Kinkelinella fischeri Malz. — Pyatkova & Permyakova, p. 152, pl. 67, fig. 5.

1982 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Herrig, p. 1450, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Knitter, p. 225, pl. 39, figs. 3, 4.

1983 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Knitter & Ohmert, pl. 5, fig. 4.

1984 Kinkelinella fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Dépêche, pl. 27, fig. 9.

1987 Kinkelinella fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Tröster, pl. 4, figs. 16, 17.

1992 Kinkelinella fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Arias et al., p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 15.

2009 Kinkelinella fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Arias et al., p. 222, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15.

2009 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) fischeri Malz, 1966 . — Franz et al., p. 141, pl. 4, fig. 8.

2017 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) fischeri Malz, 1966. — Tesakova, p. 40, pl. 3, fig. 14; pl. 4, fig. 1.

Material: 2 C, 63 RV, 39 LV in samples G11Eb– G20Eb.

Distribution: Upper Toarcian to Middle Aalenian (France, Germany, Russia, Spain, Switzerland).

Etymology: After the town of Geisingen.

Holotype: Left valve, figured on Pl. 6, Fig. 6, SMNS no. 70423-108.

Paratype: Two right valves, figured on Pl. 6, Figs. 7, 8, SMNS nos. 70423-109– 110.

Type locality: Clay pit at the Wartenberg hill near Geisingen (SW Germany).

Type horizon: Bed GO (Geisingen Oolith), Bradfordensis Zone, Gigantea Subzone.

Material: 6 RV, 6 LV in sample G20Eb

Diagnosis: A small- to medium-sized species of the genus Kinkelinella. A leaf-like ornament in the area of the central muscle field, surrounded by a club-shaped rib. Three concentric subvertical ribs on the anterior half, six slightly curved, subvertical ribs on the posterior half of the valve.

Description: A small- to medium-sized species of the genus Kinkelinella; lateral outline subtriangular. Dorsal margin convex, almost straight in the area of the hinge. Anterior margin broadly rounded with the greatest extension of curvature below mid-height. Posterior margin narrowly rounded with the greatest extension of curvature above mid-height. Both margins accompanied by broad, smooth flanges. Both valves ventrolaterally swollen and overhanging about half the length of the carapace. Left valve: In the area of the central muscle field six partly merged, flat elongated elevations, which together form a leaflike ornament. From its left side a curved rib extends vertically upwards, terminating before the dorsal margin. This feature is surrounded by a club-shaped, dorsally open rib. In front of it, there are three slightly curved, concentric subvertical ribs on the anterior half of the valve, and on the posterior half of the valve another six subvertical concentric ribs. A curved ventral rib runs parallel to the ventral margin. Mid-ventrally it subdivides into two parallel ribs, which are then divided by two transverse ribs into three oblong segments. Right valve: In some specimens fine transverse ribs between the main ribs produce a regular rectangular reticulation. The ventral rib subdivides below the muscle field; the upper rib bends strongly upwards and falls from the club-shaped rib undulating towards the posterior. The lower rib continues parallel to the ventral edge; the intercostal area is irregularly reticulated. Two longitudinal ribs on the ventral side of both valves. The hinge is merodont, further details not observed because of poor preservation.

Comparisons: Kinkelinella costata Knitter, 1983 (p. 224, pl. 39, figs. 7– 10) has a subquadrate outline and straight vertical ribs all over the valve surface. Kinkelinella fischeri Malz, 1966 (p. 389, pl. 48, figs. 4– 14) from the Upper Toarcian to Middle Aalenian in Germany has a quadrate to rhombic, partially reticulate ornamentation with overlying V-shaped parallel ribs. Kinkelinella levata Ohmert, 2004 (p. 90, text-fig. 23, pl. 17, fig. 1) from the Discites Zone in SW-Germany has a strictly reduced ornamentation and a strong, ventro-lateral, wing-like overhang. Kinkelinella persica Bate & Coleman, 1975 (textfig. 9c, p. 18, figs. 5.1– 5.12, 6.1– 6.5) from the Lower Toarcian in England differs in the sub-rectangular outline, more or less straight vertical ribs and the absence of the central club-shaped ornament. Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959: 812, pl. 3, figs. 37– 38) from the Toarcian to Bajocian has a reticulate ornament, and Kinkelinella (Ektyphocythere) triangula (Brand in Brand & Malz, 1961: 161, pl. 1, figs. 11– 14) from the Lower Toarcian in Germany possesses a more triangular ornamentation

Distribution: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone).

1988 Kinkelinella sp. A. — Ohmert, p. 266, figs. 2, 3.

2004 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) levata n. sp. — Ohmert, p. 90, text-fig. 23, pl. 17, fig. 1.

Material: 34 RV, 44 LV in sample G20Eb– G26Eb.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Discites Zone), southwest Germany.

1959 Procytheridea sermoisensis n. sp. — Apostolescu, p. 812, pl. 3, figs. 37, 38.

1960 Procytheridea sermoisensis Apostolescu 1959. — Bizon, p. 210, pl. 1, fig. 7a, c, d; pl. 3, figs. 1a, 2a.

1961 Procytheridea sermoisensis Apostolescu 1959. — Cousin et al., table 4 bis.

1962 Ostracod N 81 Klingler. — Klingler, p. 108, pl. 14, fig. 50.

1963 Procytheridea sermoisensis Apostolescu 1959. — Oertli, pl. 20, fig. B; pl. 21, figs. 1a, 2b; pl. 22, fig. F.

1974 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Lord, pl. 90, figs. 6– 9.

1975 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) sermoisensis (Apostolescu, 1959). — Bate & Coleman, p. 16, pl. 4, figs. 1– 11.

1978 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Lord, p. 202, pl. 3, figs. 7, 8.

1978 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Pyatkova & Permykova, p. 152, pl. 67, fig. 6.

1979 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Exton, p. 59, pl. 12, figs. 1– 4.

1983 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu, 1959). — Knitter, p. 225, pl. 39, figs. 5, 6.

1983 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu 1959). — Morris, pl. 9, figs. 10, 12– 15.

1984 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Exton & Grads tein, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8.

1985 Kinkelinella sermoisensis (Apostolescu). — Dépêche, pl. 27, figs. 12, 13 (non fig. 6).

1985 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Riegraf, p. 79, pl. 3, figs. 7– 10.

1986 Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Ainsworth, p. 314, pl. 7, figs. 9– 12, 16.

1987 Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Tröster, pl. 4, figs. 18, 19.

1991 Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Arias et al., p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 17.

1999 Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Arias & Lord, p. 232, pl. 3, fig. 6.

2009 Kinkelinella sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959 ). — Arias et al., p. 222, pl. 2, fig. 13.

2009 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959). — Franz et al., p. 141, pl. 4, fig. 10.

2009 Kinkelinella sermiosensis (Apostolescu, 1959). — Boomer & Ainsworth, p. 196, pl. 4, fig. 13.

2017 Kinkelinella (Kinkelinella) sermoisensis ( Apostolescu, 1959). — Tesakova, p. 41, pl. 4, fig. 2;

Material: 2 C, 19 RV, 28 LV in samples G13Fr– G24Eb.

Distribution: Lower Toarcian to Lower Bajocian (England, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, N Switzerland).

Material: 9 RV, 19 LV in samples G17Eb– G20Eb.

Occurrence: Middle Aalenian (Bradfordensis Zone).

1963 Fuhrbergiella (Praefuhrbergiella) ? favosa n. sp. — Plumhoff, p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 52– 55.

2017 Fuhrbergiella (Praefuhrbergiella) favosa Plumhoff , 1963. — Tesakova, p. 56, pl. 3, fig. 3.

Material: 2 LV in sample G11Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone) to Lower Bajocian (Discites Zone), Germany.

1963 Cytheridae, n. gen. n. sp. 1. — Plumhoff , p. 50, pl. 12, figs. 176– 178.

1963b Pleurocythere sp. — Bate, p. 31, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

2003 Plumhofficythere clavatoides n. sp. — Lupp old, p. 23, pl. 5, figs. 1– 3.

Material: 1 C, 1 LV in sample G20Eb.

Distribution: Middle Aalenian to ? Lower Bajocian (England, France, Germany, Luxembourg).

Remarks: Contrary to the holotype and the figures in Plumhoff (1963), the characteristic club-shaped rib is anteriorly not closed in our specimen. Since otherwise all features - especially the hinge - match, we assign our specimen to the same species.

2017 Gen. et sp. 10. — Tesakova, p. 60, pl. 4, fig. 17.

Material: 1 RV in sample G04Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

Material: 2 C in samples G03Fr and G05Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 1 LV in sample G02Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 2 LV in samples G04Fr and G13Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 2 C, 1 RV in samples G08Fr, G12Fr and G13 Fr.

Occurrence: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

Material: 1 LV in sample G10Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian, Opalinum Zone (SW Germany, N Switzerland).

Material: 1 RV in sample G12Fr.

Distribution: Lower Aalenian (Opalinum Zone).

The ostracod assemblage consists of 897 individuals representing 63 species. The assemblage is dominated by Aphelocythere pygmaea, Praeschuleridea ventriosa, Acrocythere pumila, Eucytherura plumhoffi, Metacytheropteron opalinum, Eucytherura sp. 3, and Eucytherura sp. 4, while in the upper part addition taxa include Praeschuleridea punctulata, P. ornata and Cardobairdia tesakovae. The stratigraphic value of the newly described, rare species Infracytheropteron ? bisulcatum and Polycope cf. “pelta” can only be assessed after further investigations have been undertaken.

In this faunal assemblage some of the cytherurids are the first known occurrences in Germany, but mostly as individual specimens: Procytherura aff. bispinata, Eucytherura liassica, Procytherura euglyphea and Procytherura celtica. In samples G12Fr and G13Fr (= 9 m below the upper boundary of the Opalinuston Formation) 16 species have their last occurrences in this faunal assemblage, comprising among others Aphelocythere pygmaea, A. hamata, Eucytherura sp. 1, Acrocythere pumila, Eucytherura sp. 4, Cardobairdia tesakovae, and Metacytheropteron opalinum.

The faunal assemblage in this part of the section (27 species, 352 individuals) shows only slight differences to the underlying one. Cytherella apostolescui, Cytherelloidea lordi, Supratoarcina supratoarcensis, Procytherura sp. 3, Camptocythere foveolata prima, Kinkelinella (K.) adunca, Kinkelinella sp. 1 and Eucytherura aff. scottia have their first appearances.

Dominant species include “Asciocythere” sp., Kinkelinella (K.) fischeri, Cytherella apostolescui, Supratoarcina supratoarcensis, and Camptocythere foveolata prima. Supratoarcina supratoarcensis was first described by Knitter (1983) from the Upper Toarcian and may be absent in the Geisingen section prior to appearing in this assemblage due to the unfavourable facies.

From the dominant species Camptocythere foveolata prima is the only species which is restricted to this assemblage, all other species extend up into the Gigantea Subzone, except for the very rare Progonocythere reticulata and an undetermined ? Procytherura sp.

The ostracod fauna of the Geisingen Oolith (sample G20Eb) is very extraordinary, similar as is the ammonite fauna. From a total of 68 species, 30 are only recorded in this interval and 27 of which are rare (< 10 specimens). Five species are reported for the first time in Germany: Pleurocythere kirtonensis, Procytherura multicostata, P. aff. didicytyon, P. aff. pleuraperiousis, and Eucytherura michelseni. To date, 11 new species have been recovered: Pleurocythere ohmerti, Procytheropteron catena, “Monoceratina” sp. 1, Cytheropterina alacostata, Eucytherura sp. 7, Procytherura sp. 4, Progonocythere scutula, Kinkelinella geisingensis, Polycope circulosa, Praeschuleridea concentrica, and Procytheropteron sp. 1.

The dominant species are Praeschuleridea ornata, Polycope sp., Cytheropterina bicuneata, Bythocypris dorisae and Supratoarcina supratoarcensis, representing 61 % of a total of 1336 individuals.

The ostracod faunal assemblage above the Geisingen Oolith is characterized by a sharp decline in the number of species (11) and individuals (244); only eight species from the underlying assemblage are noted. ? Homocytheridea ? punctulata and an undetermined species of Praeschuleridea appear, while Supratoarcina supratoarcensis and Praeschuleridea punctulata have their last appearances in this assemblage. ? Homocytheridea cf. punctulata, Praeschuleridea ornata and to a lesser extent “Asciocythere” sp. are dominant. It is noteworthy that Homocytheridea ? cf. punctulata occurs exclusively as internal casts in sample G21Eb. Therefore, unfavorable preservation conditions may partly have caused the reduction of diversity.

The main difference to the underlying assemblage is the first appearance of Progonocythere triangulata, the index fossil of the Triangulata ostracod zone. In addition, another smooth-shelled Progonocythere sp. and Bairdiacypris triangularis appear, both of which are very rare. All other species encountered here already occur in the Punctulata faunal assemblage.

Among the 24 species Progonocythere triangulata, Cytherelloidea lordi, Praeschuleridea ornata and Cytherella apostolescui are dominant in this assemblage, representing 72 % of a total of 315 individuals.