The bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), which attacks seeds in various leguminous crops, is reported for the first time in Egypt. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of the developmental stages and host preference of A. obtectus feeding on kidney bean, broad bean, cowpea, chickpea, and lentil seeds and estimate the amino acids related to the legume seeds. Acanthoscelides obtectus passes through six instars. The larvae developed rapidly on cowpea followed by kidney bean, chickpea, lentils, and broad bean for 21.7, 25.4, 28.7, 34.7, and 37.1 days, respectively. Pre-pupal periods in lentil, broad bean, cowpea, kidney bean, and chickpea were 1.0, 1.4, 2.6, 2.8, and 3.4 days, respectively. The pupa lasted 5.3, 5.3, 5.2, 4.2, and 3.0 days, respectively, in chickpea, broad bean, cowpea, kidney bean, and lentils. Male longevity was slightly lower (6.6–8.2 days) than that of the female (8.2–9.4 days). Mean fecundity (number eggs per female) was significantly higher on cowpea (44.8) than in broad bean (23.1) and kidney bean (11.9). The number of emergent adults indicated that kidney bean and cowpea seeds are more significantly preferable for A. obtectus than the other tested seeds. The infestation rate indicated that kidney bean is significantly preferable to A. obtectus. Infestation also caused the highest significant weight loss in cowpea seeds. Nine amino acids (aspartic acid, theronine, serenine, glysine, valanine, methionine, leucine, tryptophane, and histadine) essential for A. obtectus were of better quality in kidney bean. All nine amino acids were at high quality percentages in kidney bean and positively correlated with infestation rate. In conclusion, A. obtectus survives and develops best on kidney bean and then on cowpea and broad bean. Chickpea and lentil seeds are unsuitable for the development of the beetle.