Soil respiration represents the largest carbon (C) flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. We created a study site in tropical lowland rainforest and used static chamber method to measure the temporal variations of soil respiration and their relationship with environmental factors at monthly time scale. The temporal variations of soil respiration showed a seasonal pattern related to soil temperature (p <.01) and soil moisture (p <.05). We tested different regression models to explore the relationship between soil respiration and environmental factors. Soil respiration had a better fit with soil temperature than with soil moisture in single-factor models. At different temperatures, the Q₁₀ values from different models changed in rather different ways. We found that the mixed quadratic model composite of soil temperature and moisture had the best-fitting effect (R² = .74) on soil respiration and could better explain the seasonal variation. In a certain soil moisture range close to 15%, soil respiration increased with soil temperature. However, soil respiration became restricted when the moisture was greatly higher or lower than this value. Furthermore, at low soil temperatures (lower than 16°C), higher soil moisture could decrease soil respiration rapidly. Thus, soil respiration in a tropical lowland rainforest is co-controlled by soil temperature and moisture. This study expands our observations of soil respiration in tropical forests and how it responds to environmental factors, which is important for reducing errors in evaluation and scaling up of soil carbon flux in climate change studies.