Climatic trends for the Pampa grasslands during the late Pleistocene-Holocene: quantitative estimations based on fossil pollen sequences. Pollen-climate calibration models for mean annual temperature (T_an), annual precipitation (P_an) and precipitation efficiency (EP) are presented for the Pampa grasslands region (33°–41°S and 56°–67°W). The P_an and EP models were optimal (r²_boots =0,669 and 0,717; RMSEP;_boots= 16%) to apply Modern Analog Technique and to obtain late Pleistocene-Holocene quantitative climatic estimations based on fossil pollen from two alluvial sequences. In the central Pampa grasslands, P_an and EP values were 100 to 200 mm lower than present ones during the late Pleistocene (16000-12000 yr cal BP). During the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, early Holocene and late Holocene the values were similar to modem ones. In the southwest, P_an and EP values were c. 200 mm higher than present ones during the mid-Holocene (5500-3000 yr cal BP), and decreased during the late Holocene reaching similar modern values during the last 500 years cal. The climatic inferences agree with previous paleoclimatic interpretations that state dry to semiarid conditions during the late Pleistocene, and subhumid humid conditions during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and early Holocene. However, there are discrepancies as from 5000 yr cal BP, probably related to the different sensitivity of the climate proxy data. The NE-SW precipitation gradient during the last c. 5500 yr cal may have been steeper than at present. These estimations are the first quantitative climatic reconstructions for the Pampa grasslands region, and should be taken as trends until new reconstructions confirm them.