PRESENCE OF CAIMAN LATIROSTRIS (DAUDIN, 1802) (CROCODYLIA, ALLIGATORIDAE) IN THE PIQUETE FORMATION (PLIOCENE-EARLY PLEISTOCENE) OF SALTA PROVINCE, ARGENTINA: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS. This paper describes the remains of an alligatorid from levels of the Piquete Formation (Pliocene—early Pleistocene) of Rosario de la Frontera, southern of Salta province, Argentina. The specimen is referred to the species Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) based on their morphology. The results of a phylogenetic analysis suggest a close relationship with species bearing a prominent rostral ridge of the genus Caiman Spix, 1825. The validity of other remains assigned to the species is discussed, constituting this record the most complete and best preserved. Based on the ecological requirements of C. latirostris paleoenvironmental interpretations are made by analogy with the currently inhabited environment of this taxon.