Anoectochilus hainanensis H.Z. Tian, F.W. Xing & L. Li sp. nova (Orchidaceae) is described from Hainan, China, and illustrated. It can be distinguished from the morphologically similar A. reinwardtii by the leaves, which have much denser and exquisitely golden-shiny reticulations on the upper surface, and by the column wings which have a broadly ligulate anterior part and appressed inner margins, and a saddle-like lamelliform posterior part connected with the anterior part at an acute angle.