In this paper, I review botanical expeditions of Boris K. Schischkin and Vasily V. Sapozhnikov in Turkey (1915–1917), and scrutinize in detail their itineraries in May–July 1916. The botanical explorations in eastern Turkey carried out in 1916 and 1917 were commissioned by the Russian government (Migration Department of the Ministry of Agriculture) as part of the First World War activities. The collections gathered in 1916 (from present-day Ağrı, Muş, Van, Bitlis and Erzerum provinces) were completely identified and published, whereas the material collected in 1917 (from present-day Rize and Artvin provinces) remain largely unpublished. The main set of herbarium specimens collected by Schischkin and Sapozhnikov is deposited at LE with some duplicates at TGM and ERE, while a minor part of the specimens collected by Sapozhnikov is kept at TK, and some duplicates were sent from LE to other institutions.