The diversity of the braconide wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae from Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, is studied. Twelve new species are described from these islands: Doryctes (Doryctes) boninus sp. nov., D. (Neodoryctes) makiharai sp. nov., Heterospilus micronesianus sp. nov., H. nishijimus sp. nov., H. pacificola sp. nov., H. striatiscutum sp. nov., H. watanabei sp. nov., Ecphylus (Sactopus) hahajimus sp. nov., Spathius asanderoides sp. nov., S. chichijimus sp. nov., S. ogasawarus sp. nov., and S. sugiurai sp. nov. Three species, Rhoptrocentrus piceus Marshall, 1897, Ontsira palliata (Cameron, 1881) and Heterospilus rubrocinctus (Ashmead, 1905), are firstly recorded for this territory. A key for determination of the all doryctine taxa of the Ogasawara Islands is given.