Three new species belonging to the subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys Mitchell, 1973 of Coelioxys Latreille, 1809, Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) lactea sp. nov. from São Paulo State, Brazil and C. (C.) acanthosara sp. nov., and C. (C.) jordiana sp. nov. both from Nayarit and Oaxaca States, Mexico, are described and illustrated. An updated checklist of the 73 species of the subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys of Coelioxys is also provided. Two species are placed in synonymy: Coelioxys (C.) sanguinea Friese, 1921 syn. nov. of Coelioxys (C.) costaricensis Cockerell, 1914 (nec Friese, 1916) and Coelioxys (C.) gigantea Friese, 1921 syn. nov. of Coelioxys (C.) zonula Smith, 1854. The subspecies Coelioxys (C.) unidentata obscuriventris Friese, 1921 is raised to species level, as C. (C.) obscuriventris stat. nov. For the following three species the new subgeneric placement is proposed: C. (C.) ignava Smith, 1879 = C. (Glyptocoelioxys) ignava; C. (G.) leopoldensis Friese, 1921 = C. (Cyrtocoelioxys) leopoldensis and C. (G.) triangula Friese, 1906 = C. (C.) triangula. Five species previously considered as incertae sedis are assigned to Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys): C. (C.) ambrosettii Holmberg, 1918; C. (C.) hirtiventris Popov, 1946; C. (C.) paranensis Schrottky, 1920; C. (C.) spatulata Friese, 1921 and C. (C.) tabayensis Schrottky, 1920. A key to the Mexican species of the subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys is provided.