Nebria georgei, new species (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriini), is described from the riparian zone along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona (type locality = Arizona, Coconino County, Grand Canyon National Park, Colorado River). The first new Nebria described from North America in more than two decades, this species is most closely related to Nebria desolata Kavanaugh and Nebria navajo Kavanaugh, based on characters of external and male and female genitalic form and structure, and on preliminary DNA-sequence comparisons. This species is named in honor of George Eugene Ball, who first recognized specimens of this taxon, sent to him for identification, as likely representing an undescribed species.

Argentinatachoides balli, new genus, new species, in the tribe Bembidiini is described and illustrated, and its microhabitat noted. Adults of this new species were found in Argentina, east of the Andean Cordillera, in Mendoza and La Rioja Provinces. The subulate apical palpomeres and other characters place this new genus in Bembidiini and the sub-oblique notched anterior tibiae assign it to the subtribe Tachyina. Structural attributes, for example the elytral recurrent groove appearing double and the symmetrical basal lobes of the aedeagal median lobe, indicate that this species is related to the Australian-Tasmanian genus, Tasmanitachoides Erwin, 1972. This discovery amplifies the known range of a particular fauna of Carabidae that was once widely distributed in the western part of Gondwana. Some aspects of the biogeography of the group are discussed.

Two new species of the genus Tasmanitachoides Erwin from north Queensland are described: Tasmanitachoides balli, new species, and Tasmanitachoides hackeri, new species. Both species are related to Tasmanitachoides bicolor Baehr from north Queensland and thus belong to the murrumbidgensis-group of species in the sense of Baehr (1990), which is characterized by the anteriorly emarginate clypeus. Most probably both new species occur in tropical rain forest. A revised key to all species of the genus is provided.

Amblygnathus georgei, new species, (type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz Department, 3.7 kilometers SSE of Buena Vista, vicinity of Hotel Flora y Fauna, 17° 29.949′S, 63° 33.152′W″) is described, keyed, illustrated, and placed in a species group. This species represents the first South American member of the Amblygnathus iripennis (Say) group. Additionally, three species of Amblygnathus are recorded for the first time from Bolivia: A. bicolor Ball and Maddison, A. lucidus Dejean, and A. janthinus Dejean. Amblygnathus bicolor is also recorded for the first time from Peru.

Two new Calleida species from Mexico are described and illustrated. Calleida georgii, new species (type locality: Mexico, Colima: El Terrero) is closely related to Calleida regina Bates, 1883, and forms with the latter a homogeneous pair of species, both characterized by the presence in both sexes of a high number of setae on the 7^th abdominal sternum. Both are markedly isolated from all other Calleida species known so far from Central America. Calleida kayae, new species (type locality: Mexico, Chiapas: Chicoasen) is superficially similar to Calleida cyanippe Bates, 1883, in size and color, and to Calleida metallica Dejean, 1825, in the presence of three (exceptionally two or four) setiferous punctures on each side on the 7^th abdominal sternum in the males. Based on the unique morphological features of both male and female genitalia, the phylogenetic relationships of this species remain unclear.

The Bembidion fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini) of the Hawaiian Islands is taxonomically revised, entailing the recognition of 23 native, precinctive species, and one adventively introduced Old World species, Bembidion niloticum Dejean. Two species previously placed in Gnatholymnaeum Sharp—G. blackburni Sharp, 1903, and G. spurcum (Blackburn, 1881)—are formally placed as member taxa within Bembidion Latreille, with Gnatholymnaeum recognized at subgenus rank. This taxonomic placement establishes Bembidion blackburni Csiki, 1928, as a junior secondary homonym, and Bembidion ateradustum, new name, is proposed as a replacement. Twenty-one species are recognized as member taxa of Bembidion subgenus Nesocidium Sharp, five of which are newly described: Bembidion waialeale, new species, from Kauai; Bembidion paratomarium, new species, and Bembidion gagneorum, new species, from Oahu; Bembidion kamakou, new species, from Molokai; and Bembidion haleakalae, new species, from East Maui. Bembidion molokaiense Sharp (new synonymy) is treated as a junior synonym of Bembidion ignicola Blackburn, and Metrocidium brevicolle Sharp (new synonymy) is placed as a junior synonym of Bembidion munroi (Sharp). Taxonomic treatment includes a key to species, diagnoses and descriptions of the male genitalia and female reproductive tract for all species, and complete descriptions of external characters for newly described species. Length of the male aedeagal flagellum in subgenus Nesocidium species was found to be subequal in length, to 60–75% longer than the female spermathecal duct, consistent with previous reports that list emplacement of the male spermatophore within the female spermathecal duct as a primary function of the male flagellum. Geographical distribution varies in concert with dispersal ability. All species including at least some individuals with fully developed flight wings are distributed on multiple oceanic islands. Representative taxa within putative clades of vestigially winged species occupy adjacent oceanic islands, implying overwater dispersal by wingless ancestors of present-day species followed by speciation. Ecological preference conforms to the taxon cycle at the archipelago level, with the ancestor of Hawaiian Bembidion hypothesized to have inhabited coastal habitats. Present-day ecological specialists include a deep-soil inhabitant, and numerous species found predominantly in arboreal microhabitats such as mossy vertical tree trunks and horizontal nurse logs. Geographic distributions of the species define areas of endemism appropriate for conservation that are geographically congruent with areas defined by other carabid beetle taxa in Blackburnia Sharp and Mecyclothorax Sharp, as well as by taxa in other insect groups.

Western Hemisphere species of bombardier beetles in the carabid tribe Ozaenini are distributed from southern Arizona and southern Texas to southern Chile, with more than 80% of described species being endemic to the tropics. Recent taxonomic works variously classify the 145 described species into six or 17 genera, indicating general disagreement on what constitutes natural lineages in the group. This study provides the first phylogenetic analysis of the Western Hemisphere Ozaenini using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In the resulting trees, the following three suprageneric clades are supported by high bootstrap and posterior probability values: the Ozaena group (Ozaena Olivier Platycerozaena Bänninger Goniotropis Gray), the Tropopsis group (Tropopsis Solier Entomoantyx Ball and McCleve), and the Pachyteles group (Pachyteles Perty Physea Brullé Tachypeles Deuve Inflatozaena Deuve Filicerozaena Deuve Proozaena Deuve Serratozaena Deuve). Close relationship among genera within the Ozaena group, and among genera within the Pachyteles group were not predicted and have not previously been hypothesized. Among the most surprising results is that Pachyteles (sensu lato) and Goniotropis are not sister groups, but rather represent well-defined and distantly related clades. The phylogeny inferred from molecular sequence data led to discovery of morphological characters unique to the Pachyteles group that clearly distinguish members of Pachyteles (sensu lato) from Goniotropis. These morphological characters are described and illustrated. Results provide evidence for polyphyly of the genera Pachyteles, Tachypeles and Goniotropis as they are currently defined. Adults of Tachypeles moretianus Deuve and Serratozaena Deuve are reported for the first time to be myrmecophilous.

Based on an exemplar sample of pterostichine species (Carabidae: Pterostichini), 28S rDNA and COI and COII mtDNA sequence data are used to reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis for generic and subgeneric taxa putatively in or related to the subgenus Hypherpes Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichus Bonelli). The monophyly of Pterostichus is equivocal as the position of the subgenus Bothriopterus Chaudoir varies depending on methods of sequence alignment and gap region treatment. Pterostichus is found to be monophyletic in the combined data analysis if Cyclotrachelus Chaudoir and Tapinopterus Schaum are included in a larger concept of the genus. It is recommended that these be treated as subgenera of Pterostichus. Taxa currently included in Hypherpes are found to form a monophyletic group. No taxon previously suggested as a close relative of Hypherpes was found to be in, or closely related to Hypherpes. The sister-group of Hypherpes remains unclear, but there is some support for a clade of Pseudoferonina Ball Cryobius Chaudoir as the adelphotaxon. Taxa included in current classifications of Hypherpes compose a group that is in fact a complex of Hypherpes sensu stricto and two other subgenera, Leptoferonia Casey and Anilloferonia Van Dyke, which have been treated as junior synonyms of Hypherpes. Our analyses show that these three taxa are well supported as subgenera and reciprocally monophyletic, with the only change to previous taxonomic concepts of included species being the transfer of Pterostichus rothi (Hatch) from Anilloferonia to Leptoferonia. It is recommended that all three of these subgenera be recognized rather than being subsumed under Hypherpes. In Leptoferonia the DNA data support all species groups that were established by Hacker using morphological characters, with the exception of the inopinus-group. Significant reduction of the compound eyes has occurred independently at least five and possibly seven times in the Hypherpes complex. As many as five separate instances of eye reduction may have occurred in Leptoferonia alone. Maddison's concentrated changes test was used to show that there is a significant correlation between microphthalmy and autapomorphic sequence data as represented by longer than average terminal branch lengths based on Bayesian estimates of change per site. However, taxon pair contrasts show no consistent pattern of absolute difference of evolutionary rate or directionality of differences between small-eyed taxa and their sister species or sister clade. Repeated patterns of allopatric distributions are found for species-pairs of Leptoferonia, which consist of divisions along a north/south axis near the Pacific Coast and in the Sierra Nevada Range, or east/west divisions between coastal species and inland or Sierran species. In addition to allopatric biogeographic patterns, instances of sympatry in closely related species are interpreted to have been the result of two reduced-eye species moving in

Nine species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are reported for the first time from Navassa, a small island located centrally among the Greater Antilles. The uninhabited island, a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge, has rugged karst surface with forested areas of low tree diversity and open savanna or exposed rock habitats. Specimen label data, including habitat and collection notes, are given along with comments on the known distribution of each species. All species are of small size, are fully winged, and known to occur on adjacent larger islands or are widespread in the region. The small number of species is attributed to the island's size of only 5.2 km²; and its lack of sand beach, mud flat, and riparian habitats.

The Lebiini subtribe Gallerucidiina, is composed of two genera; the New world genus Gallerucidia Chaudoir and the Old world genus Lebidia Morawitz. This paper provides diagnoses of these genera as well as diagnoses, redescriptions, illustrations, and distributional data of the five known species of Gallerucidia. Quite amazingly, the Oriental species Lebidia bioculata Morawitz has apparently been introduced to Venezuela. Identification keys are provided to the species of Neotropical Gallerucidiina and to the eight subtribes of Lebiini known to occur in Costa Rica.

The subgenus Pseudoperyphus Hatch of Bembidion latreille is revised. External structure, male genitalia, chromosome number, and DNA sequences from seven genes (28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, wingless, CAD, arginine kinase, and RNA polymerase II) reveal the presence of nine species. Five of the species belong to the B. chalceum subgroup: B. chalceum Dejean, B. rothfelsi, new species (type locality: bridgewater, Vermont), B. bellorum, new species (type locality: Tygart Valley River near Valley head, West Virginia), B. antiquum Dejean, and B. louisella, new species (type locality: North aspy river near cape North, Nova Scotia). The remaining species belong to the B. honestum subgroup: B. honestum Say, B. arenobilis, new species (type locality: Danville, Virginia), B. integrum Casey, and B. rufotinctum chaudoir. The group is most diverse in Vermont, where seven species live. The geographic ranges of many species overlap: of the 36 possible species pairings, 28 are found in sympatry. The morphological character system most closely correlated with species boundaries, as indicated by DNA sequences, is shape of the flagellum of the male genitalia, and it is likely involved in reproductive isolation. The shape of the pronotum is also implicated as important for species recognition. Two species, B. chalceum and B. rothfelsi, show derived haploid chromosome numbers distinct from the typical n=12 found in other Pseudoperyphus and most other Bembidion, with n=13 and n=17 respectively. Each of the nine species is inferred to be monophyletic in the bayesian gene tree of at least one gene, but five of the species are paraphyletic for at least one gene, with two species (B. antiquum and B. arenobilis) being paraphyletic for as many genes as they are monophyletic. Evidence for nuclear copies of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) in several species makes inference of the COI gene tree difficult, and is one reason that COI is not the gene of choice to identify Pseudoperyphus specimens, contrary to standard DNA barcoding protocols. The best single gene for species identification is 28S rDNA; the two worst are COI and wingless. A key to species and geographic distribution maps are provided.

Phylogenetic relationships of three species-group taxa within the Oriental Platynini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) are briefly discussed and the following synonymies are proposed: Orthotrichus Peyron, 1856 = Metagonum Jeannel, 1948, new synonymy; = Kalchtacha Morvan, 2002, new synonymy. Orthotrichus baehri (Morvan, 2002) from the Western Ghats of India is redescribed. This species is the only representative of that genus with generalized elytral chaetotaxy in the oriental region, and it is unique within this genus by its heavily spined aedeagal internal sac.

Sericoda balli, new species, is described from the upper Indus Valley of the Northwest Himalaya in Pakistan. It is probably the sister species of the Holarctic Sericoda quadripunctata (DeGeer, 1774), which commonly occurs in the more eastern parts of the Himalaya. The new species differs by the broader pronotum and elytra, by the less produced humeri, and by the shallower setiferous fovea in third elytral interval.

Agonum liebherri, new species, is described from the Pokhara Valley on the south slope of the Nepal Himalaya. The new species is a representative of the Afro-Oriental species group of Agonum chinense Boheman, 1858, and it differs at first hand by the broadly yellowish bordered pronotum and elytra.

Although both new species have wings fully developed, they are hitherto known only from the type locality, and very restricted distributional ranges of both species along the Himalayan Mountain chain can be assumed.

Loxandrus semperfidelis, new species (Carabidae: Loxandrini), is described from its type locality, Orellana Province, Ecuador, and distributional range extending to Peru. This large and robustly–built South American species is distinguished from all other loxandrines by the unequal widths of the elytral intervals, in which odd–numbered intervals are as much as twice as wide as even–numbered ones. Males are distinctive in having a ventral abdominal process, or “keel”, which is not known from any other species of Carabidae. Both adult and first instar larval characteristics are described.

Baripus Dejean is a genus of the family Carabidae restricted to southern South America. Three subgenera are recognized within the genus; one of them, Cardiophthalmus Curtis, is endemic to the Patagonian Steppe. Together with the members of the genus Cnemalobus Guérin-Méneville, these beetles are the largest Carabidae of the Patagonian Steppe. New studies in the northern region of Patagonia, the Payunia, reveal the presence of two new species, Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) nevado, new species, and Baripus (Cardiophthalmus) precordillera, new species, restricted to isolated montane habitats. In this paper, we provide morphological descriptions of the new taxa with illustrations of male and female genitalia. We also conducted a phylogenetic analysis including all known species of Baripus. The cladistic analysis showed that B. (C.) mendozensis, B. (C.) nevado and B. (C.) precordillera constitutes a monophyletic group of species. These three species are allopatric, but B. (C.) mendozensis and B. (C.) nevado ranges are in close proximity. The distribution pattern, together with the phylogenetic pattern, suggests a possible peripatric pattern of speciation. We used a predictive model of species distribution to establish the present, past, and future distribution of B. (C.) mendozensis which is the most widely distributed species. Based on these analyses, we speculate that the current pattern of speciation may be a result of climatic changes during the Pleistocene.

The female internal reproductive tract characters of the dryptite tribes Zuphiini, Dryptini and Galeritini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae) provide features useful for distinguishing taxa at various hierarchical levels. The details, in aggregate, support the generally accepted generic arrangements within the Dryptini and Galeritini. But within the genus Galerita Fabricius, characters of the genitalia support transfer of Galerita sulcipennis Reichardt from the nominotypical subgenus to subgenus Progaleritina Jeannel (new taxonomic placement). Within subgenus Galerita, the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World) taxa are better placed taxonomically in the perrieri species complex separate from the americana species complex of the Western Hemisphere.

The striking loss of the digitate spermatheca 1 and its replacement with an independently derived large sac-like spermatheca 2 occurs within the basal genus Planetes Macleay (subtribe Planetina) and independently in the subtribe Galeritina (including Eunostus Castelnau, Ancystroglossus Chaudoir, Trichognathus Latreille, and Galerita Fabricius). The short wide duct of the spermatheca 2, shared by the Old World species of Galerita (sensu stricto), is interpreted as an apotypic feature that clearly separates the monophyletic perrieri complex from the New World americana complex.