We analyzed Ficus perforata seed removal by canopy ants under four treatments: syconia seeds; howler monkey-defecated washed seeds; syconia seeds with howler dung; and defecated seeds with howler dung. Ants removed more defecated washed seeds in the wet season, while during the dry season, removal was greater for syconia seeds and defecated washed seeds. Our results suggest that ants tended to remove more seeds when they were not embedded in feces; however, even seeds set on howler dung were still attractive to ants.
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1 September 2004
The Role of Canopy Ants in Removing Ficus perforata Seeds from Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) Feces at Los Tuxtlas, México
Rodolfo Martínez-Mota,
Juan Carlos Serio-Silva,
Víctor Rico-Gray
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BIOTROPICA
Vol. 36 • No. 3
September 2004
Vol. 36 • No. 3
September 2004
ants
Canopy
defecated seeds
deposition sites
Ficus perforata
howler monkeys
Los Tuxtlas