The effect of residual feed intake adjusted for backfat thickness (RFI_fat) on heifer pregnancy rate and subsequent lifetime productivity was examined in 867 beef females that were ranked as low, medium, or high RFI_fat. Age at first calving, weaning weight of first calf, and most probable producing ability for birth weight (MPPA_bw) and weaning weight (MPPA_ww) were calculated to assess first parity heifer productivity. The effect of heifer RFI adjusted for backfat (RFI_fat; n = 532) on subsequent lifetime cow productivity (n = 415) was calculated based on kg of calf weaned per cow bred per year. A total lifetime productivity measure (n = 218) were also calculated as total calf weaning weight (kg) output per cow culled. RFI rank had no significant effect on pregnancy rate, when adjusted for season and site differences (P = 0.33). No significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed between MPPA_ww and RFI, RFI_fat, RFI adjusted for backfat and feeding event frequency (RFI_{fat & activity}), or age at first calving. A negative trend (P < 0.10) between RFI, RFI_fat, and MPPA_bw calculated from first parity pregnancy rate and production traits was no longer apparent when adjusted for RFI_{fat & activity}. These results suggest that selection for low RFI replacement heifers has no impact on their first parity pregnancy rate and productivity or on subsequent cow productivity.