A 12 wk laboratory incubation examined the effects of application of various nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on soil plant-available nutrient levels and nitrous oxide (N₂O) gas emissions with respect to soil fertilization history using soils sampled from the University of Alberta Breton Classical Plots. Fertilization history and added fertilizer treatments showed significant effects on N₂O emissions and NO₃⁻-N and SO₄⁻-S recovered on ion-exchange resins over the 12 wk. Mean cumulative N₂O emissions ranged from 0.43 to 1.18 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹. The relationship between observed total resin-recovered NO₃⁻-N and N₂O emissions was not consistent for soils receiving long-term applications of various combinations of N, phosphorus, potassium, and S fertilizers. The N₂O emission from two soils with a history of long-term N fertilizer applications but different S fertilization histories was significantly different even though resin-recovered NO₃⁻-N levels were similar. When grouped according to added fertilizer treatments, mean cumulative N₂O emissions showed a strong linear relationship with mean resin-adsorbed NO₃⁻-N production. We hypothesize that the differences in the relationship between NO₃⁻-N production and N₂O-N emissions for soils with different long-term fertilization histories may be a result of the interaction of N and S oxidation processes. Further, soil fertilization history may significantly influence soil N₂O emissions in response to N fertilizers added within the growing season of observation but isn’t often considered in short-term experiments, and this may be a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of greenhouse gases inventories from agricultural soils.