Chautems, A., V.F. Dutra, A.P. Fontana, M. Peixoto, M. Perret & J. Rossini (2019). Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil. Candollea 74: 33–42. In English, English abstract. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a5

Three new species of Sinningia Nees (Gesneriaceae) occurring in eastern Brazil and endemic to the state of Espírito Santo are described and illustrated: Sinningia flammea Chautems & Rossini, Sinningia hoehnei Chautems, A.P. Fontana & Rossini and Sinningia stapelioides Chautems & M. Peixoto. Sinningia flammea is unique within the genus by its tubular bright orange corolla with a greenish-yellow throat. Sinningia hoehnei is characterized by white corollas that are laterally and ventrally inflated for most of their length with a yellow throat marked by vinaceous streaks. Sinningia stapelioides strikingly differs from any other species by the combination of a pauciflorous inflorescence borne directly on the tuber that produce large tubular-campanulate corollas, dull red orange outside, inside greenish-cream with a dense network of vinaceous streaks. Comments on morphologic and phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe Ligeriinae are provided, as well as a distribution map and the IUCN conservation status.

Received: May 9, 2018. Accepted: August 15, 2018. First published online: March 28, 2019.

Gâteblé, G. & U. Swenson (2019). Pichonia munzingeri (Sapotaceae), a new and rare micro-endemic species from New Caledonia. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 1–7. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a1

Pichonia munzingeri Gâteblé & Swenson (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is here described from the southern ultramafic massif of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. It is a micro-endemic species confined to a small area along Oumbéa Creek in La Coulée Valley of Mont-Dore. Based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data, areolate higher leaf venation, staminodes, stamens in corolla tube orifice, and seeds having plano-convex cotyledons, no endosperm, and no radicle, this new species is placed in Pichonia Pierre. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis places Pichonia munzingeri as the sister species to all other congeners in New Caledonia, which justifies a high conservation status from the authorities for protecting the species. Less than 50 individuals have been counted in an area affected by the major “Montagne des Sources” anthropogenic fire in late 2005. Hence, repeated fires form the main threat to the existence of this new species, and it is assigned an IUCN Red List preliminary status as “Critically Endangered”.

Hopkins, H.C.F. & Y. Pillon (2019). Kermadecia brinoniae (Proteaceae: Macadamieae), a new species from New Caledonia previously confused with K. elliptica. In English, English and French abstracts. Candollea 74: 85–92.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a9

Kermadecia brinoniae H.C. Hopkins & Pillon (Proteaceae), which occurs in southern New Caledonia, principally on ultramafic substrates, is described and illustrated. Material of this species was previously included in Kermadecia elliptica Brongn. & Gris. An amended description is given for the latter and a lectotype designated. These two species differ in the prominence of the venation on the lower leaf surface and in their ecology. Kermadecia brinoniae, like other species of Proteaceae growing on ultramafic substrates of New Caledonia, has a relatively high content of manganese in its leaves. A revised key to the species of Kermadecia Brongn. & Gris is provided as well as notes on the morphology of the pollen presenter.

Jongkind, C.C.H. & N. Texier (2019). Novitates Gabonenses 92: Combretum rupestre (Combretaceae), a new liana species from Mount Ngouadi in Gabon. Candollea 74: 9–14. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a2

The new species Combretum rupestre Jongkind & Texier (Combretaceae) from Mount Ngouadi in East Gabon is described and illustrated. It differs from all other species of Combretum Loefl. by the combination of a patelliform flower with two series of stamens of unequal length, and the receptacle and lower side of leaves covered by a glutinous layer.

Lack, H.W. (2019). The discovery and naming of Papaver orientale s.l. (Papaveraceae) with notes on its nomenclature and early cultivation. Candollea 74: 47–64. In English, English abstract. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a7

Papaver sect. Macrantha Elkan is a widespread and common polyploid complex comprising the diploid Papaver bracteatum Lindl., the tetraploid Papaver orientale L. and the hexaploid Papaver pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw. All three species are restricted in their distribution to the Caucasus area in the wide sense including north-eastern Turkey and north-western Iran. Papaver orientale and Papaver pseudo-orientale were first collected by one of the members of the expedition headed by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708) and introduced into cultivation in the Jardin du Roi in Paris as early as 1702. From there living material of both taxa was quickly distributed to other botanical gardens in Amsterdam, Leiden and the Chelsea Physic Garden in London. For decades both species were known only from cultivated specimens. Due to hybridisation both in the field and in cultivation the relationships between the two taxa remained unclear and were further blurred by the introduction of Papaver bracteatum into cultivation which began in Gorenki near Moscow, Berlin and Chelsea around 1800. Based on ample evidence never studied before like unpublished illustrations kept in Paris and Vienna, Tournefort's unpublished field book, and seed lists this paper unravels this complex historical and taxonomic story. In addition, it presents an updated taxonomy including typifications and nomenclatural notes on all three species involved. The very late rediscovery of Papaver orientale and Papaver pseudo-orientale in the wild is seen in the context of the difficulties in access to the Ottoman Empire and the regions east and northeast of it in the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth century.

Received: January 14, 2019. Accepted: February 15, 2019. First published online: March 28, 2019.

Mazumdar, J., M.W. Callmander & N. Fumeaux (2019). Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N.L. Burman's Flora Indica. Candollea 74: 93-110. In English, English abstract. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a10

Nicolaas Laurens Burman (1734 – 1793) treated in his Flora Indica 69 pteridophyte names. Most of those names were described earlier by Carl Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) who was a friend of his father Johannes Burman (1706 – 1779). The Flora Indica (1768) is one of those early works that followed Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature formalized in 1753. N.L. Burman described 25 new ferns in this work. His herbarium is now stored as a separate historical collection at Geneva with the acronym G-PREL. We located all original material in G-PREL, with the goal to review the taxonomic identity and nomenclature of those 25 names. We also studied the Paul Hermann herbarium from Ceylon, bound in a folio volume now kept in the library of the Institut de France in Paris with the acronym BIF-CEYL, which was the main base of Johannes Burman's Thesaurus Zeylanicus (1737). Lectotypes are designated for twelve names lacking proper typification: Adiantum chinense Burm. f., Adiantum truncatum Burm. f., Ophioglossum pedatum Burm. f., Polypodium acutum Burm. f., Polypodium adianthoides Burm. f., Polypodium palustre Burm. f., Polypodium radicans Burm. f., Polypodium rostratum Burm. f., Polypodium simplex Burm. f., Polypodium trapezoides Burm. f., Pteris ensiformis Burm. f., and Trichomanes tenuifolium Burm. f.

Received: August 19, 2018. Accepted: April 18, 2019. First published online: May 29, 2019.

Rabarimanarivo, M.N., B. Ramandimbisoa, N.H. Rakotoarivelo, P.B. Phillipson, S. Andriambololonera, M.W. Callmander & S. Porembski (2019). The extraordinary botanical diversity of inselbergs in Madagascar. Candollea 74: 65–83. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a8

Inselbergs are isolated mountains, mainly granitic or gneissic rock outcrops rising abruptly above surrounding plains. Malagasy inselbergs are often dome-shaped and occur in varying degrees of isolation, but they sometimes form inselberg landscapes, which comprise dozens of individual outcrops. Despite being typical landscape features on Madagascar's high plateau, little data are available on their detailed plant cover. Recent extensive fieldwork, which was conducted between 2010 and 2014, mainly on the central plateau, has resulted in a better knowledge about the floristic composition and habitats of Malagasy inselbergs. The most speciose vascular plant genera were Cynorkis Thouars (18), Cyperus L. (15) and Euphorbia L. (14). Malagasy inselbergs are centres of diversity for succulents (notably species of the genera Aloe L., Euphorbia and Kalanchoe Adans.), carnivorous plants (species of Drosera L. and Utricularia L.) and resurrection plants (notably species of Xerophyta Juss.). The most speciose habitat types were ephemeral flush vegetation and monocotyledonous mats. The latter habitat supports a large number of succulents and resurrection plants. In total 724 taxa out of 338 genera and 107 families have been recorded. Moreover, the variability in floristic composition between different regions is remarkable. Detrimental human impacts include quarrying, grazing, fire and the collection of plants for ornamental purposes (species of Pachypodium Lindl. and Orchidaceae) and as medicine (species of Aloe, Drosera madagascariensis DC., Myrothamnus moschatus (Baill.) Baill.). For the first time, recommendations are made for the conservation of Malagasy inselbergs.

Stauffer, F.W., J. Eychenne, N. Ortega & H. Balslev (2019). Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae) Candollea 74: 15–30. In English, English abstract. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a3

The structural biology is here, for the first time, described in the Amazonian palm genus Wendlandiella Dammer, a poorly known and monotypic member of the early divergent tribe Chamaedoreeae Drude (Arecoideae). Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer includes three varieties: var. gracilis, var. polyclada (Burret) A.J. Hend., and var. simplicifrons (Burret) A.J. Hend. In contrast to the overwhelmingly monoecious condition in this subfamily, Wendlandiella together with the species-rich genus Chamaedorea Willd., presents a dioecious reproductive syndrome. The terrestrial root system, the leaves and the stems of Wendlandiella display a relatively simple architecture and vegetative multiplication observed in wild populations may be regarded as an important mechanism of reproduction. Flowers in Wendlandiella are arranged in a complex floral cluster known as acervulus, clearly deviating from the floral triad characterizing most other members of the subfamily. Our study describes the structure of the acervulus in inflorescences of both sexes. The lack of a nectariferous epithelium in the gynoecium and the pistillode suggests that Wendlandiella is wind pollinated, which is a rare pollination mechanism in palms. Wendlandiella is proposed as an interesting model to test the different evolutionary pathways to dioecy in palms.

Received: September 14, 2018. Accepted: January 26, 2019. First published online: March 28, 2019.

Razafimandimbison, S.G. & N. Manjato (2019). First record of Dentella repens (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 74: 43–45. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a6

A first record of the genus Dentella L. (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar is reported here. Dentella repens (L.) J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. was collected for the first time in the northwestern part of the island, within Analalava District of the Sofia Region. The material collected possesses all the salient characters of the species (e.g., creeping, prostrate herb, toothed corolla lobes, indehiscent fruits covered by transparent, flattened, bulbous-tipped trichomes). We postulate that the species has most likely recently reached Madagascar via long-distance dispersal either from Sri Lanka, where it is native, or Mauritius, where it has become naturalized.

Ponce, M.M. (2019). Dryopteris bifrons (Thelypteridaceae): a new synonym of Thelypteris lugubris. Candollea 74: 31–32. In Spanish, English and Spanish abstracts. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2019v741a4

In the framework of the redaction of the family Thelypteridaceae to be published in the Flora of Paraguay, it was found that Dryopteris bifrons Christ based on a paraguayan holotype is taxonomically identical to Thelypteris lugubris (Mett.) R.M. Tryon & A.F. Tryon and therefore included here in its synonymy.