Estimates of the survival of juvenile sharks within their critical habitats are important in defining the dynamic of the species and designing management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, at Los Roques Archipelago. During the period 2005–2014, 29 field surveys were conducted in the Sebastopol Lagoon, an area previously identified as a nursery area for this species, capturing 223 juveniles. Survival was evaluated by use of two modeling approaches (POPAN and Multistate) based on tag-recapture data. The annual probabilities of survival obtained were low (0.40–0.52), but were comparable with those estimates reported for other populations of juvenile lemon sharks. The probabilities of survival did not vary with age group. The low levels of survival and the absence of increased estimates with age suggest the influence of illegal fishing within Sebastopol Lagoon, which may be more selectively catching the larger juveniles. More effective control and surveillance is needed in the Los Roques Archipelago by the local institutions with responsibility for the conservation of marine resources.