Oxyuronema Kreis, 1932 and Buckleyenterobius Sandosham, 1950 are reestablished as subgenera of Trypanoxyuris Vevers, 1923 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) by dividing Paraoxyuronema sensu Hugot et al., 1996. Trypanoxyuris (Oxyuronema) atelophora Kreis, 1932 n. comb. and Trypanoxyuris (Buckleyenterobius) atelis (Cameron, 1929) are redescribed based on both sexes collected from the black-handed spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi (Primates: Cebidae). The male of T. (O.) atelophora is described for the first time. It is also first shown that T. (B.) atelis possesses a round hyaline structure at the distal tip of spicule and eggs with 3 longitudinal ridges on the shell.