Homalometron elongatum is reexamined using heat-killed material that was not subjected to pressure during fixation from Gerres cinereus collected from San Juan Harbor, Puerto Rico, U.S.A. The new material is compared with some paratype specimens and differs by having a much less variable forebody length, and a median rather than submedian genital pore. Tegumental spines reportedly cover the anterior end of the body but we observed tegumental spines covering the entire body surface in both the paratype and new material. Homalometron lesliorum n. sp. is described from Eucinostomus currani from the Pacific coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The new species has 3 pairs of oral papillae surrounding the mouth and thus resembles 3 other congeners: H. elongatum, Homalometron carapevae, and Homalometron papilliferum. Homalometron lesliorum n. sp. is distinguished from the 3 species by having the anterior extent of the vitelline follicles at or above the base of the ventral sucker, compared with posterior to the ventral sucker at the level of the seminal vesicle (H. elongatum) or further posterior at the posterior margin of the ovary (H. carapevae and H. papilliferum). The 4 species are further differentiated from one another by sucker width ratio, tegumental spine size and distribution, egg size, host preference, and biogeography. Comparison of nuclear ribosomal DNA (3′ end of 18S, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]1, ITS2, and 5′ end of 28S) between H. elongatum and H. lesliorum n. sp. revealed 1 variable base (n  =  162) at the 3′ end of 18S, 12 variable bases (n  =  476) at ITS1, 10 variable bases (n  =  310) at ITS2, and 11 variable bases (n  =  1,325) at the 5′ end fragment of 28S. Nuclear ribosomal DNA from Homalometron pallidum and Homalometron armatum are included for further comparison with H. elongatum and H. lesliorum n. sp.