Dactylogyrus robisoni n. sp. is described from the bluehead shiner, Pteronotropis hubbsi (Bailey and Robison), 1978, in Arkansas, U.S.A. Dactylogyrus robisoni is morphologically most similar to Dactylogyrus moorei Monaco and Mizelle, 1955, and Dactylogyrus ornatus Rogers, 1967, by possessing a long, slender, often sinuous copulatory accessory piece. The accessory piece of D. robisoni differs from those of the other 2 species by lacking a medial ramus and terminating in an elongate bulb.

A new species of Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1850, is described from the spiral intestine of the Japanese wobbegong, Orectolobus japonicus Regan, 1906, in the East China Sea off Magong, Taiwan. Acanthobothrium margieae n. sp. represents the first Acanthobothrium species recorded from Orectolobus japonicus and the third species of Acanthobothrium described from a host in the family Orectolobidae (i.e., the carpet sharks). Acanthobothrium margieae n. sp. is a category 8 species based on criteria set forth in a previous categorization scheme for species of Acanthobothrium and differs from all other category 8 species, and all congeners, in its extremely hyperapolytic nature. Consistent with the morphology of 2 other extremely hyperapolytic tetraphyllideans (i.e., Yorkeria saliputium Caira, Jensen, and Rajan, 2007, and Trilocularia acanthiaevulgaris Olsson, 1866), adult specimens of Acanthobothrium margieae n. sp. bear terminal proglottids in which the reproductive organs are completely undeveloped, and the anterior region of free proglottids is covered with conspicuously large spinitriches. It appears that the reproductive strategy of extremely hyperapolytic tetraphyllidean species is distinct from that seen in the more traditional hyperapolytic species in which adult worms bear terminal proglottids containing all elements of both the male and female reproductive systems. Molecular sequence data from the 28S rDNA gene were used to investigate the conspecificity of adult worms of Acanthobothrium margieae exhibiting little or no proglottid anatomy with free proglottids bearing fully mature male and female reproductive systems.

Approximately 400 specimens of a previously undescribed species of Pseudosonsinotrema sp. (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) were collected from a Paramo marsupial frog, Gastrotheca pseustes (Anura: Hemiphractidae), from the Museo de Zoología of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. The new digenean species, Pseudosonsinotrema megalorchis n. sp., can be distinguished from others in the genus primarily by its large testes. Flukes attached to the mucosa of the host's intestine cause ulcerative enteritis and become embedded in the intestinal wall, eliciting a severe granulomatous enteritis. This is the first report of this digenean genus from Ecuador and the first report of helminths from G. pseustes. Pseudosonsinotrema saudii is transferred to the genus Pleurogenoides as Pleurogenoides saudii (Ramadan, Banaja, and Saoud, 1980) n. comb. The intense host inflammatory reaction and the relatively low fecundity of specimens suggest that G. pseustes is not the natural host of P. megalorchis.

Neoechinorhynchus brentnickoli n. sp. is described from specimens of Dormitator latifrons (Pacific fat sleeper) collected from 3 localities along the Pacific Coast of México: Tres Palos Lagoon (Guerrero State), Bahía de Chamela (Jalisco State), and Mazatlán (Sinaloa State), México. Of the 3 members of the genus known from Mexican fish, the new species is more similar to Neoechinorhynchus golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978, than to Neoechinorhynchus roseus Salgado-Maldonado, 1978, or Neoechinorhynchus chimalapasensis Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano, and Martínez-Ramírez, 2010. Neoechinorhynchus brentnickoli n. sp. can be distinguished from N. golvani in being longer and having more dimorphism between trunk length of males and females, a different number of ventral giant nuclei (2 vs. 1), smaller proboscis, shorter hooks in all 3 circles, a longer receptacle, and larger testes and cement gland. The anterior portion of the trunk wall of the new species is more delicate than that of the rest of the trunk, and it can be inverted into the body cavity in a manner similar to the way in which the proboscis is inverted into the receptacle. Previous studies that attributed specimens of this species to N. golvani are discussed.

Heterosentis holospinus n. sp. is 1 of 11 species of acanthocephalans collected from 13 species of marine fish in Halong Bay, Vietnam, in 2008 and 2009. The striped eel catfish, Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787), harbored a large number of individuals of the new species. Species of Heterosentis Van Cleave, 1931, are characterized by having 2 or 3 types of proboscis hooks in 10–14 rows, and trunk spines. Of the 15 known species of Heterosentis (including the new species), H. holospinus is distinguished by having a trunk entirely covered with spines and an anterior trunk cone free of spines. Only Heterosentis overstreeti Schmidt and Paperna, 1978, has a trunk that is also entirely covered with spines; it, however, differs from H. holospinus by lacking an anterior trunk cone but having 4 giant nucleated muscle cells in the anterior trunk, and 2 basal spines per proboscis hook row. Heterosentis holospinus has no such muscle cells, and the proboscis contains 3–4 spines per row. Only 2 other species of Heterosentis have anterior trunk cones: Heterosentis septacanthus (Sita, 1949) Golvan 1969, which has a cylindrical trunk and proboscis, only anterior trunk spines, and smaller proboscis hooks, and Heterosentis plotosi Yamaguti, 1935, which has 4 nucleated giant muscle cells, only anterior trunk spines, and 4–5 spines per proboscis hook row. The characteristics of H. holospinus are described and compared with those of the other 14 species of Heterosentis. A key to the 15 species of the genus is included. The justification for the retention of the 3 subfamilies of Arhythmacanthidae no longer applies, and their deletion is proposed.

Six species of thelastomatid nematodes belonging to 6 different genera were collected from the peppered cockroach Archimandrita tesselata Rehn, 1903, at the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, from 2003 to 2006. We describe Aoruroides costaricensis n. sp. This species differs from the other described members of the genus in female cephalic morphology and male papillae arrangement as well as having different morphological dimensions including a shorter female esophagus than that of Aoruroides philippinensis (Chitwood and Chitwood, 1933) and Aoruroides queenslandensis Jex, Cribb, and Schneider, 2004, longer esophageal corpus and isthmus than in Aoruroides legionarius Kloss, 1966, and a much shorter male tail than that of A. legionarius Kloss, 1966. The 5 additional species recovered included Buzionema validum, Protrelleta floridana, Cranifera cranifera, Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, and an unidentified species from the family Thelastomatidae. These species are redescribed using light and scanning electron microscopy and constitute new host and geographical records.

Neoasterophora megasilvestrensis n. gen., n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Actinocephalidae: Pileocephalinae) is described from the larvae of the little sister sedge caddisfly, Cheumatopsyche analis (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) collected from Harmon Creek, Sam Houston State University Center for Biological Field Studies, Walker County, Texas, U.S.A.

Neoasterophora is distinguished from known genera of Pileocephalinae by distinct fusiform oocysts lacking polar plugs, an epimerite in the form of an apical ovoidal tumidus, and a diamerite with a milled toroidal disk. This is the first description or report of a septate gregarine infecting larval Trichoptera from the New World.

Protomagalhaensia granulosae Peregrine, 1970, is redescribed from the type host, the discoid cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. Complete morphometric data on all life cycle stages is presented, and P. granulosae is distinguished from other species in the genus and stabilized with the deposition of new voucher specimen material. Species of Protomagalhaensia are distinguished by differences in relative metric ratios, morphology of oocysts, and by relative metric ratios of mature gamonts in association.

In order to identify leech species prevalent in Lake St. Clair, Michigan, U.S.A,. and understand their effect on fish hosts, fish were collected during May 2006 and 2007 from Anchor Bay, Lake St. Clair in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin. Throughout the study, 2,117 fish from 21 species were examined for the presence of leeches. Overall, 1,064 leeches were collected from 165 individual fish and identified morphologically. Hosts included the channel catfish, freshwater drum, northern pike, northern shorthead redhorse sucker, quillback sucker, rock bass, smallmouth bass, walleye, and yellow perch. Leeches attached to hosts had a prevalence of 7.79%, with a mean intensity of 6.45 leeches/infected fish and an abundance of 0.50 leeches/examined fish. Collected leeches were identified as Actinobdella pediculata (Glossiphonidae), Placobdella montifera (Glossiphonidae), and Myzobdella lugubris (Piscicolidae), which was the most commonly occurring species. The freshwater drum had the highest prevalence, mean intensity, and abundance of leeches as a host for all leech species, as well as for A. pediculata and M. lugubris. Placobdella montifera was rare in occurrence, with little variation in host prevalence, mean intensity, or abundance. This is also the first record of the northern shorthead redhorse sucker as a host for A. pediculata. Leeches were found attached to various sites on the hosts, but occurred primarily on the pectoral fins. Gross inspection showed that leech attachment occurred in high intensities associated with necrotic areas and hemorrhages, and also caused swelling and prevented the opercular flap from closing. Histopathologically, leech attachment caused an extensive inflammatory response, necrosis of the muscle tissue, and edema. Results indicate that there are 3 predominant leech species parasitizing fish hosts in Lake St. Clair, that the leeches have preferred hosts and attachment locations, and that they cause damage to the underlying skin and musculature at the site of attachment.

Adult yellowfin snook (Centropomus robalito) were collected between January and May 2008 (dry season), to assess the consistency (repeatability) of the species composition and richness of their helminth communities in 4 coastal lagoons from Guerrero, Mexico. Fifteen species of helminth were identified: 4 Monogenea, 6 Digenea, 1 Acanthocephala, and 4 Nematoda. The helminth communities in the 4 lagoons consisted mainly of marine autogenic species, were poor in richness and diversity, and exhibited low qualitative similarity at the component level (29.5% to 62.1%) and the infracommunity level (0.48 ± 0.30 to 0.69 ± 0.19), indicating that species composition and richness of the helminth communities of C. robalito are not predictable at a spatial scale. Significant nestedness occurred in the infracommunities of all lagoons, as well as among 2 sampling periods in Tres Palos Lagoon, suggesting a certain degree of structure in species composition in infracommunities in space and time.

Seventeen parasite species (1 microsporidean, 1 cestode, 5 digeneans, 6 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans, and 2 copepods) were recovered from a total of 356 Odontesthes smitti and 125 Odontesthes nigricans (Atherinopsidae). Fishes were collected from Nuevo and San José gulfs, Argentinean Sea, from April 2003 to February 2005. The following parasites were found: Microsporidia (xenomas); Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea plerocercoid larvae; Digenea: Prosorhynchoides sp. metacercariae (Bucephalidae), Aponurus laguncula, Lecithaster sp. (Lecithasteridae), Proctotrema sp. (Monorchiidae), Diphterostomum sp. (Zoogonidae); Nematoda: Cucullanus marplatensis (Cucullanidae), Huffmanela moraveci (Trichosomoididae), Cosmocephalus obvelatus L3 (Acuariidae), Anisakis sp. L3, Pseudoterranova sp. L3, Contracaecum sp. L3 (Anisakidae); Acanthocephala: Corynosoma sp. cystacanth larvae (Polymorphidae), Hypoechinorhynchus sp. (Arhythmacanthidae); Crustacea: Bomolochus globiceps (Bomolochidae) and Peniculus sp. (Penelidae). Odontesthes smitti and O. nigricans are new host records for most these parasites.

Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 (Cyprinodontidae) is native to lentic and lotic waterbodies in western Iran. A total of 142 individuals of A. vladykovi were examined for parasites in spring and summer 2009. Eight parasite species were collected: Trichodina sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Diplostomum spathaceum, Allocreadium isoporum, Allocreadium pseudaspii, Ornithodiplostomum sp., Contracecum sp., and Acanthocephalorhynchoides cholodkowskyi. In all fish examined, Ornithodiplostomum sp. was recovered from throughout the host body, including in abdominal fats, brain, esophagus and intestinal wall, liver, testes, ovary, muscles, and vitreous humor. Aphanius vladykovi is a new host record for A. isoporum, A. pseudaspii, and Contracecum sp.

Twenty-three turtles representing 3 families (5 species)—Chelydridae: common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina; Emydidae: brown wood turtle, Rhinoclemmys annulata; painted wood turtle, Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima; Kinosternidae: white-lipped mud turtle, Kinosternon leucostomum; scorpion mud turtle, Kinosternon scorpioides—collected in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, were subjected to postmortem examination. Gravid nematodes representing 10 species, 9 previously described—Atractis costaricaensis, Cosmocercoides variabilis, Dracunculus globocephalus, Falcaustra chelydrae, Falcaustra tikasinghi, Klossinemella caballeroi, Sauricola sauricola, Serpinema magathi, Spiroxys figueiredoi—were found. Eight new host records and 7 new locality records are reported. A new species of Falcaustra inhabiting Rhinoclemmys annulata is described; it is the only known member of the genus lacking a pseudosucker, but having a toothed chamber separating the vestibule and the pharynx. Only Falcaustra kinsellai, infecting Heosemys grandis from Malaysia, has a toothed chamber separating the vestibule from the pharynx, but F. kinsellai has a pseudosucker.

Forty-three specimens representing 11 species of lizards (Ameiva ameiva, Anolis chrysolepis brasiliensis, Cnemidophorus cf. parecis, Hemidactylus mabouia, Mabuya dorsivittata, Mabuya nigropunctata, Ophiodes striatus, Philautus acutirostris, Tropidurus itambere, Tropidurus oreadicus, and Tupinambis merianae) collected in 6 localities of the Cerrado biome in the Brazilian state of Goiás were examined for helminths. Thirteen species of nematodes (Cruzia travassosi, Gynaecometra bahiensis, Oswaldofilaria sp., Parapharyngodon sp., Parapharyngodon largitor, Parapharyngodon sceleratus, Pharyngodon travassosi, Physaloptera sp., Physaloptera lutzi, Physaloptera retusa, Physalopteroides venancioi, Subulura lacertilia) and an unidentified species of cestode (Oochoristica sp.) were recovered from lizard hosts. Thirteen new host records and 7 locality records are reported.

Fifty-five specimens from 11 lizard species (Ameiva ameiva, Bachia scolecoides, Cercosaura ocellata, Hemidactylus mabouia, Hoplocercus spinosus, Iguana iguana, Mabuya nigropunctata, Plica umbra, Tropidurus torquatus, Tupinambis merianae, and Tupinambis teguixin), collected in 3 ecosystems (Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal) from the state of Mato Grosso in midwestern Brazil, were examined for endoparasites. Sixteen nematode species (Alaeuris vogelsangi, Cruzia travassosi, Diaphanocephalus galeatus, Oswaldocruzia sp., Oswaldocruzia vitti, Oswaldofilaria sp., Ozolaimus megatyphlon, Parapharyngodon sceleratus, Physaloptera lutzi, Physaloptera retusa, Physaloptera sp., Piratuba digiticauda, Rhabdias sp., Skrjabinodon heliocostai, Spinicauda spinicauda, and Strongyluris oscari), 2 cestode species (Oochoristica travassosi and Oochoristica vanzolinii), and 2 trematode species (Helicotrema sp. and Paradistomum parvissimum) were recovered. Eleven new host records and 10 new state (1 new country) records were reported.

Two hundred twenty-two individual reptiles (11 families, 45 species) from 17 districts of Namibia were examined for endoparasites. Thirty-three (31 lizards, 2 snakes) individuals (15%) were found to harbor at least 1 species of helminth; 4 lizards harbored a multiple infection of 2 helminths, 1 lizard was infected with 3 species, and 1 lizard harbored a multiple infection of 5 species. One species of linstowiid cestode, 12 species of nematodes representing 6 families, and 1 species of cephalobaenid pentastomid were found in the herpetofauna surveyed. Twenty-seven new host and 8 new geographic records are documented for helminths of Namibian reptiles.

Gregarine host specificity has been the cornerstone of gregarine taxonomy for nearly a century. Several laboratory experiments have accepted strict host specificity by failure to cross-infect distantly related hosts with unrelated gregarine species. These empirical studies are not feasible for all gregarine hosts, especially nondomesticated groups. Additionally, studies of gregarine distributions have always focused on insect hosts of disparate groups, rather than targeting potential hosts species within a single genus and their congeneric gregarines. This study addresses host utilization of nubenocephalid gregarines parasitizing the odonate genus Argia (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Populations of 9 species of adult Argia were collected, dissected, and observed for gregarine infection during the April–September flight seasons in 2007 from 17 localities in the central United States. On average, 2.5 species of Argia were collected at each locality. A species of Nubenocephalus—Nubenocephalus nebraskensis, Nubenocephalus secundus, or Nubenocephalus spp.—was collected from every infected population of Argia except for the Argia vivida population at Prairie Dog Town Fork-Red River, Randall County (Co.), Texas, U.S.A. Nubenocephalus secundus utilizes at least 7 of the 9 argid hosts sampled whereas N. nebraskensis was collected from only 2 argid species. Only Argia translata was observed to host both N. secundus and N. nebraskensis. These patterns of host utilization by nubenocephalid gregarines represent an ecotypic gregarine assemblage rather than a vicariant assemblage, demonstrating that nubenocephalid gregarines do not differentiate between species of Argia as hosts.

A survey of human geohelminth infections was conducted in Bawa and Nloh, two rural agrarian villages in the West Province of Cameroon. The purpose of the study was to provide baseline data to assess the efficacy of a universal geohelminth control program that the Bawa Health Initiative, a nongovernmental humanitarian organization, has implemented in the 2 villages. In Nloh, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm exhibited prevalences of 33.0%, 54.3%, and 26.6%, respectively, and mean intensities given as eggs per gram of feces (epg) of 2,490, 246, and 293, respectively. In Bawa, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm exhibited prevalences of 15.3%, 41.5%, and 18.7%, respectively, and mean intensities of 18,904, 346, and 57 epg, respectively. All geohelminths investigated exhibited extreme overdispersion. Although the 2 villages are demographically nearly identical, prevalences of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection in Nloh were significantly higher than those in Bawa. The only differences between the villages that might account for the differences in prevalence of geohelminth infection is that clean drinking water and basic sanitation, and hygiene education programs, have been implemented in Bawa. High prevalences of infection in senior adults indicate that they may represent a neglected group in regard to geohelminth infection. In Bawa, a clustering of moderate- to high-intensity infections was noted among family compounds for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Comparison of these data to those gathered in the West Province of Cameroon during a Cameroonian National Survey of helminth infections, conducted between 1985–1987, suggests that the prevalences of infection with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura have decreased while the incidence of hookworm infection may have increased. However, such comparisons between surveys must be interpreted very conservatively, given the multitude of factors leading to dramatic differences in prevalence of geohelminth infections, even among demographically similar populations.

The prevalence of the waterborne protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum were investigated in Nloh and Bawa, 2 rural agrarian villages in the West Province of Cameroon, Africa. The purpose of this study was to gather baseline data prior to the installation of biosand water filters in Nloh and to determine the prevalence of these parasites in Nloh and Bawa. Human stool samples were collected during June 2007, (85 from Nloh and 114 from Bawa) and tested utilizing the Triage Micro Parasite Panel® for the presence of the aforementioned protozoans. In Nloh, prevalences of E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, and C. parvum were 15.7%, 14.5%, and 3.6%, respectively; and 7.1%, 1.8%, and 0.0% in Bawa, respectively. There were no significant differences in prevalence among age groups or between genders. The prevalence of G. lamblia was significantly lower in Bawa than in Nloh. However, no significant difference was detected in the prevalences of E. histolytica/dispar between Nloh and Bawa.

Microhabitat use of metacercariae of Panopistus pricei and Brachylaima thompsoni in 2 terrestrial gastropods, Neohelix albolabris and Webbhelix multilineata, was studied. Metacercariae of both species were found in the kidney proper, as commonly reported, but over half were located in the reflected part of the ureter (primary ureter); no metacercaria was found in the pericardium.

Seventy-four Oklahoma salamanders, Eurycea tynerensis, and 12 larval grotto salamanders, Eurycea spelaea, were collected from 4 stream sections of Sawmill Hollow Creek, Cherokee County, Oklahoma, and examined for monogenoids. Thirty-seven of 74 (50%) E. tynerensis were found to harbor Sphyranura euryceae. Fifteen of 25 (60%) of the E. tynerensis in the far-downstream section were infested by S. euryceae, 8 of 31 (26%) of the mid-downstream Oklahoma salamanders were infested, and 14 of 19 (78%) of the near-downstream E. tynerensis had the highest prevalence of S. euryceae. Analyses of variance with Fisher's least significant difference test of mean intensity of S. euryceae on E. tynerensis showed significant variation among groups. One of 2 (50%) E. spelaea from the near-downsteam section harbored S. euryceae; none of the 10 E. spelaea from the pond inlet were infested. We report the first population study of S. euryceae in E. tynerensis and a new host record for this monogenoidean in E. spelaea.

Twenty eastern pipistrelles (Perimyotis subflavus) were collected in November 2009 and March 2010 from an abandoned mine in Polk County, Arkansas, U.S.A., and examined for helminths. Fifteen (75%) were infected with 1 or more lecithodendriid trematodes, including 2 (10%) with Acanthatrium eptesici, 13 (65%) with Acanthatrium pipistrelli, 5 (25%) with Ochoterenatrema breckenridgei, and 2 (10%) with Paralecithodendrium naviculum; 7 (35%) were multiply infected with 2 trematode species. We document a new host record for P. naviculum, and A. eptesici, O. breckenridgei, and P. naviculum are reported from Arkansas for the first time. We also include a summation of the endoparasites of Perimyotis subflavus.

The occurrence of one specimen of Amphiorchis solus (Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1970) found in the heart of a green sea turtle Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 from Ceará state, Brazil, is reported. A comparison of the morphology of Amphorchis caborojoensis Fischthal & Acholonu, 1976 and A. solus also is presented. A new geographical distribution of A. solus is reported.

A gravid adult female nematode recovered from the rumen of a white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, was identified as Parascaris equorum, a common and cosmopolitan ascaridoid nematode parasite of horses and other equids. The cervine host was a 2-yr-old female that was presented to the Large Animal Soft Tissue Surgery service of the Cornell University Hospital for Animals (Ithaca, New York), with a 3-mo history of right-sided, unilateral, mucopurulent nasal discharge and weight loss. The doe was placed under general anesthesia, and radiographs of the head and thorax were taken. Rhinoscopy of both nasal passages was performed, during which time the rumen became distended, necessitating deflation. An orogastric tube was placed in the rumen and gas was successfully removed. Upon withdrawal of the tube, a 22.9-cm pinkish white ascarid worm was recovered from its lumen. Closer examination of the specimen revealed 3 large prominent ascarid-type lips consistent with P. equorum. The location of the vulva was 5.7 cm from the anterior end. Eggs recovered from the uterus were morphologically identical to Parascaris eggs. Ten eggs were measured, and the average measurement was 86 × 87.3 µm (with a SD of 3.2 and 2.8 µm for height and width, respectively). Lastly, the esophagus was dissected and examined, and no ventriculus was observed. The identification of the recovered nematode as P. equorum seems to be the first record of this parasite from the white-tailed deer.

Fourteen lizards representing 3 species within 2 families, Calumma brevicorne, Furcifer verrucosus, and Paroedura picta, from 3 sites in Madagascar were examined for helminths. Three helminths were recovered, including the cestode Oochoristica chavenoni in the small intestine of 1 of 7 (14%) P. picta; the physalopterid nematode Abbreviata madagascariensis in the stomach of 1 of 4 (25%) C. brevicorne and 2 of 3 (67%) Furcifer oustaleti; and the ascarid nematode Hexametra angusticaecoides in the small intestine of 1 of 3 (33%) F. oustaleti. It seems that Madagascar's lizard helminths have been isolated geographically and evolved independently from those on the African continent.

We collected 142 hylid frogs representing 3 species, chaco treefrog Hypsiboas raniceps, dwarf treefrog Dendropsophus nanus, and sanborn treefrog Dendropsophus sanborni, near the city of Corrientes, Corrientes Province, Argentina, between January 2002 and December 2003, and we examined them for nematodes. Two species of cosmocercid nematodes were found infecting the large intestine of these hosts. Cosmocerca parva was found infecting H. raniceps and D. sanborni, whereas Cosmocerca podicipinus was found infecting D. nanus. These nematode species are reported for the first time from these hylids from Corrientes, Argentina.

Four species of digeneans were recovered from 1 specimen of Himantopus melanurus (Aves: Recurvirostridae) from Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Digeneans were assigned to Psilochasmus oxyurus (Psilostomidae), Pygidiopsis crassus (Heterophyidae), Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) felippei (Heterophyidae), and Levinseniella cruzi (Microphallidae). Psilochasmus oxyurus and A. (A.) felippei have been reported from other species of hosts, mostly from South America, but this is the southernmost report for these species. Levinseniella cruzi has been reported from H. melanurus from Mar Chiquita lagoon, to the north of Bahía Blanca estuary. This is the first report of P. crassus parasitizing a natural host.

Helminth parasite communities of golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas (Pisces: Cyprinidae) were characterized in north central (Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada) and far eastern (Vinegar Lake, Nova Scotia, Canada) localities within its natural range. Membership included 9 generalists (Allocreadium lobatum, Clinostomum complanatum, Apophallus brevis, Pliovitellaria wisconsinensis, Proteocephalus sp., Rhabdochona cascadilla, Camallanus oxycephalus, an unidentified nematode, and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli) and 6 specialists (Octomacrum microconfibula, Dactylogyrus parvicirrus, Gyrodactylus sp., Phyllodistomum sp., Paradilepis sp. A, and Paradilepis sp. B). Infracommunity richness was 2.6 ± 1.2 in Ontario and 1.0 ± 0.8 in Nova Scotia. Component community richness was 13 in Ontario and 6 in Nova Scotia. The two helminth communities were made up of similar proportions of generalists and specialists. We suggest that comparable studies on the helminth communities of golden shiner from similar lakes more central in this host's North American range could examine whether there is decay in richness particularly when approaching the periphery of a host's range. This is the first report of helminth parasites from N. crysoleucas in Nova Scotia.