In total, 248 sympatric anurans belonging to 4 species—Leptodactylus latrans, Rhinella icterica, Physalaemus cuvieri, and Scinax fuscovarius—were captured in Campo Belo do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from May 2009 to January 2011, and examined for helminth parasites. Four helminth species of cosmocercid nematodes were found: Cosmocerca brasiliense, Cosmocerca parva, Cosmocerca rara, and Cosmocerca cruzi. Cosmocerca parva was found in 3 of the host species and had a higher prevalence than the other cosmocercid species. Species of Cosmocerca were reported in R. icterica and P. cuvieri for the first time, and this was the first record of Cosmocerca in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.