Nephromonorcha varitestis n. sp. (Digenea: Renicolidae) is described based on numerous specimens found in the kidneys of an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin, 1789, collected in the Turtle Mountains, North Dakota, U.S.A. Nephromonorcha varitestis n. sp. differs from morphologically similar species in the body shape and proportions, sucker and sucker:body ratios, position and extent of vitellarium, and the shape of its ovary and testis. The morphological description of the new species based on light and scanning electron microscopy is provided. Nephromonorcha varitestis n. sp. is differentiated from all other members of Nephromonorcha and morphologically similar species of Renicola. Partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal rRNA gene are provided for future phylogenetic analyses. This is the first Nephromonorcha species reported from pelicans and only the second named renicolid species from pelicans in North America.