1652 individuals of Aneura pinguis from Poland were surveyed for variation in 12 putative gene loci. Based on isozyme data, we distinguished three cryptic species. No evidence for gene flow between these species was found. To date, no qualitative morphological characters are available, which would allow delimitation of the cryptic species of A. pinguis. Hence, these species are not formally described, but assigned as cryptic species A, B, and C. The mean genetic distance (D) between them is 1.3393. The highest genetic variation within populations (H_s) was found in species A, and the lowest in species B. Individual species of A. pinguis differ in their habitat preferences. Species A is the most common, it occurs mostly in the Western Carpathians, grows mainly on calcareous rocks and humus. Species B is the most frequent in the Eastern Carpathians on clay soil. Species C is the rarest, it can be found both in lowlands and mountains, but mainly in lowlands and on various substrata. All studied cryptic species occur partly sympatrically.

Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm., R. cavernosa Hoffm. and R. crinita Taylor are recorded for the first time in Turkey. Riccia beyrichiana is also recorded for the first time in Southwest Asia. Morphological diagnostic characteristics that allow the distinction from closely related taxa, Mediterranean distribution, ecological and habitat data in Turkey, and a map of collection sites are given.

Cololejeunea indica Pandé & Misra (Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta) previously treated as a synonym of C. spinosa (Horik.) Pandé & Misra, is reinstated as a distinct species. It is characterised by a 4-celled, elongate vitta accompanied by basal ocelli and the presence of a single-celled stylus. Cololejeunea planiflora Benedix is a new synonym of Cololejeunea indica. A detailed description is provided, based on new and recent collections of this species from Mizoram.

The taxonomic status of Didymodon austroalpigenus (Müll.Hal.) Broth., a species described as Trichostomum austroalpigenum Müll.Hal. from subantarctic Îles Kerguelen, is discussed. Because the original collection of this species was destroyed, its name is neotypified with a specimen from this archipelago and the species is considered to be conspecific with Bryoerythrophyllum rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P.C.Chen. The distribution of this species is briefly reviewed and the present discovery firmly establishes B. rubrum as a bipolar species.

A total of 96 epiphyllous liverwort species and 2 infraspecific taxa were collected, of which 18 are new to Malaysia, one is new to the Asian mainland and one variety is new to science: Cololejeunea magnilobula var. falcidentata. New synonymy of Cololejeunea stylosa and Cololejeunea papulosa is established. Illustrations for Cololejeunea magnilobula var. falcidentata and several taxa new to Malaysia are provided.

Epiphytic communities of Iberian forests remain partly unknown and most studies have focused on the dominant oak forests. We provide a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the epiphytic bryophyte communities of forests dominated by the Tertiary relict evergreen cherry Prunus lusitanica. This type of forest, scattered in the western and northern half of the Iberian Peninsula, harbours a noticeable richness of epiphytic bryophytes, including an outstanding number of liverwort species. Their floristic composition varies markedly across the Peninsula yet is driven by the main climate patterns prevailing in the area. Multivariate analyses (TWINSPAN, CCA) render two main groups of epiphytic communities with their respective indicator species. Both groups share a high proportion of non-Mediterranean species, a circumstance that is most remarkable in the forests that fall within the Mediterranean Region, which could be considered as ecological refuges or biogeographic islands.

The new data here presented allow the reinforcement of the overall knowledge about distribution patterns and niche definition of some aquatic and semi-aquatic bryophytes of chorological and conservation interest (mosses: Cyclodictyon laetevirens, Dendrocryphaea lamyana, Fissidens fontanus, Hookeria lucens, Orthotrichum rivulare, Racomitrium hespericum, Racomitrium lamprocarpum and Schistidium rivulare; hepatics Barbilophozia barbata, Pallavicinia lyellii, Porella pinnata and Radula holtii). These species, considered rather vulnerable to hydrologic changes and with a threat status, were re-evaluated recently in the new Portuguese Atlas and Red Data Book and had extensive updates in their total distribution due to more recent efforts in herbarium revision and field studies in Portugal. As a result, we bring their distribution and auto-ecology up to date based on older records and new collections, showing the importance of systematic and extensive studies to narrow the definition of niches of taxa living in the ecotone amongst the aquatic and terrestrial environments. In the future, the improved field recognition of these taxa primary and secondary microhabitats and the protection of the mesohabitats with which they are associated will be the crucial steps for achieving their conservation at national level.