A morphological review of the Schistidium apocarpum complex (Grimmiaceae) in the Baetic Mountain Ranges (southern part of the Iberian Peninsula) was conducted. The study shows the presence of nine species in the territory. An identification key is provided, and the most relevant differentiating morphological characters of the species are described and analysed. Distribution patterns and important habitats for the species are discussed. Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. is excluded from the territory and the ranges of all the species are considerably expanded. A new combination is proposed, Schistidium griseum (Nees & Hornsch.) J.Guerra, comb. nov., stat. nov.