Twenty-two strains of Colletotrichum, representing eight species, were isolated from eight genera of Orchidaceae in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China. Fourteen strains were from lesions and are pathogens, four were from fallen/dead flowers or stems and four were isolated as endophytes. The strains are characterized through morphological studies and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ACT, Tub 2, CAL, CHS I, GPDH and ITS). Colletotrichum orchidearum and the new species Colletotrichum karstii are described and illustrated, based on morphological characters and multilocus sequence data. Collections of the other Colletotrichum species are reported with notes.

As successors of A.-P. de Candolle in Montpellier (France), M.-F. Dunal (1789– 1856) and A. Raffeneau-Delile (1778–1850) let a consequent unpublished iconography of fungi growing in this area. Investigations at the “Pôle Patrimoine scientifique” of the University Montpellier 2, based at the Institute of Botany, allowed the rediscovery and inventory of these forgotten collections. Ten species were published as new by É. Boudier, J. F. Lagarde and J. de Seynes based on these documents. Each of them is listed and lectotypified : Agaricus concolor Delile ex De Seynes, Ag. convivarum Dunal ex De Seynes, A. sulcatus Dunal ex De Seynes, Marasmius delilei De Seynes, Panaeolus regis De Seynes, Morchella dunalii Boud., Peziza atroviolacea Delile ex De Seynes, P. cynocopra Dunal ex De Seynes, P. viridifusca Delile ex De Seynes, and Plicaria planchonis Dunal ex Boud. Two varieties published by de Seynes are invalid : Agaricus sericeus var. infundibuliformis De Seynes et A. translucens var. squamulosus De Seynes. An epitype is designed for Ag. concolor. The following combinations are introduced : Tricholoma concolor (Delile ex De Seynes) P.-A. Moreau, J.-M. Bellanger et Courtec., T. concolor f. bisporum (Bon) P.-A. Moreau et Courtec., and Marasmiellus delilei (De Seynes) P.-A. Moreau et Courtec. (synonym of M. trabutii (Maire) Singer).

This paper presents Cantharellus solidus, a new species from the Guineo-Sudanian part of Benin (West Africa). C. solidus is likely close to the C. lateritius-complex and occurs in forest galleries dominated by Berlinia grandiflora and Uapaca togoensis. Data from specimens collected in Bénin were compiled and compared with data available on a number of closely related taxa. Illustrations of macroscopy and microscopy are given, as well as information on its ecology.

Hericium bharengense is described as new to science from subtropical to temperate forests in the West district of Sikkim. The intricate hymenophoral branching pattern, presence of moderately long spines, size and ornamentation pattern of basidiospores separate it from the allied species H. abietis, H. coralloides and H. erinaceus. Its phylogenetic position within the genus Hericium is supported by rDNA sequences in the ITS gene region. Macro- and micromorphological characters are described and illustrated; its relations to other allied species are discussed.

A mycological survey was carried out at the Northern part of Tunisia on freshly harvested durum wheat in 2007, as wheat is the basic staple food for the Tunisian population. A total of 65 samples was analysed for their contamination with pathogenic and saprophytic fungal species and isolation frequencies and relative densities of the fungal species were recorded. Our results showed that Alternaria species were observed in all the prospected samples and Fusarium spp. were present in about 70% of fields whereas the incidence of the genus Penicillium was low. In the light of the mycological analysis, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of the possible occurring mycotoxins in such crops using the MTT bioassay. For this purpose, four mycotoxins — Deoxynivalenol (DON), Alternariol (AOH), Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Citrinin (CTN) — were screened for their toxicity in human colon carcinoma cell line HT 29. The viability assay showed significant variation in IC₅₀ concentrations between the tested mycotoxins.

Peniophorella viperiformis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetales), from the Peniophorella praetermissa complex, collected from Mayotte (France, The Comores archipelago, Indian Ocean), is described and illustrated.

A survey of endophytic Pestalotiopsis associated with two orchid species collected in Coco Island in Costa Rica was carried out. Among the fungi isolated from leaves of the two species, genus Pestalotiopsis prevailed. We isolated 29 strains of Pestalotiopsis, 9 of which from Camaridium micranthum M. A. Blanco and 20 from Ornithidium adendrobium (Rchb.f.) M.A. Blanco. On the basis of morphological characters, Pestalotiopsis isolates were divided into three different groups but their high similarity do not allow unambiguous species identification. The analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA was then performed to evaluate the taxonomic position of our isolates.

In this new contribution on russulas from the southeastern United Stated, the authors focus on four species that exhibit a blackening context: R. burkei Burl., R. subdensifolia Murrill, R. cinerascens Beardslee and R. magna Beardslee. In the past, every single one of these species has been related to Russula subgenus Polychromidia Romagn. subsection Decolorantinae R. Maire. Based upon the study of their typespecimens, all of the species here redescribed and illustrated are good members of Decolorantinae with a possible exception of R. subdensifolia which might be related to a group of pale-spored, blackening species that might be more tropical. Possible synonyms and related species are discussed. R. burkei, R. cinerascens and R. magna are here lectotypified.