A rare basidiomycete, Flagelloscypha faginea, is presented from Greece with a detailed description, taxonomic notes and a discussion on related taxa. This is the first report of the genus for Greece.

Two new conidial fungi, Endophragmiella liquidambaris sp. nov. and Heteroconium phellodendri sp. nov. were collected respectively from dead branches of Liquidambar formosana and Phellodendron chinense. They are described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Endophragmiella curvata and E. eboracensis are recorded for the first time from China.

An interesting co-cultured fungus was discovered when isolating freshwater fungi on water agar. It is morphologically characterized by solitary phialides and oval, obclavate to ellipsoidal conidia that often form in chains. Its relationships with morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related taxa are discussed, based on which a new species. Simplicillium chinense, is established in this paper. Phylogenetic analyses using 28S and ITS rDNA sequences indicate that S. chinense and all other species in the genus belong to Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales. A key to currently known species in Simplicillium is provided.

In this paper Agaricus megalosporus sp. nov. is introduced with a description, line drawings, color photographs. Its novelty is supported both by its morphology and phylogenetic analysis. A. megalosporus is characterized by medium to large fruiting bodies, a heavily fibrillose squamulose stipe and relatively large basidiospores. This new species is compared with some morphologically similar species. ITS sequence data analysis by maximum likelihood, unweighted parsimony and Bayesian analysis shows that A. megalosporus should be placed in section Minores.

Une description, des dessins, et des photographies en couleurs d'Agaricus megalosporus, une espèce nouvelle, sont présentés. La nouveauté de cette espèce est supportée à la fois par sa morphologie et par une analyse phylogénétique. A. megalosporus se caractérise par ses sporophores de taille moyenne ou grande, un stipe fortement fibrillosquamuleux et des basidiospores relativement grandes. L'analyse de séquences ITS par maximum de vraisemblance, maximum de parcimonie non pondérée et analyse Bayesienne démontre que A. megalosporus appartient à la section Minores.

The authors report three Entoloma with a hymeniform suprapellis from the Special Reserve of Ambohitantely, Madagascar. Entoloma coeruleomagnum subsp. cyanater subsp. nov. is described as a new subspecies for a taxon that was originally described from Tasmania. E. henricii is here for the first time reported from outside Europe, whereas E. velutipileum was originally described from the rain forest in Gabon.

This paper deals with some extremely rare African and Malagasy chanterelles that have dark lilac-violaceous colors on the cap and/or stipe surface. Cantharellus longisporus ssp. littoralis and C. longisporus ssp. isaloensis are provisionally described as new subspecies from Madagascar. The identity of C. goossensiae needs to be investigated further and appropriate epitypification is urgently needed for these earlier described rain forest chanterelles. C. subcyanoxanthus is newly described as a possible close relative of C. goossensiae from woodland. The confusion surrounding the concepts of C. cyanoxanthus and C. longisporus is discussed. Morphological features, variability and species delimitation are discussed in detail.

Lactifluus parvigerardii, a new species from subtropical southwestern China, is described. Worldwide, this is the third representative of Lactifluus subgen. Gerardii with coloured latex, as in the Asian L. ochrogalactus and the American L. petersenii. Microscopically, this new species differs from L. ochrogalactus in having thin-walled hyphae in the pileipellis and robust macrocystidia in the hymenium. Compared with L. petersenii, L. parvigerardii has distant lamellae and heavily ornamented spores. Despite this morphological similarity to the L. ochrogalactus-L. petersenii clade phylogenetic analysis placed L. parvigerardii close to L. uyedae, taking a basal position in a strictly pleurotoid subclade. It is a key species demonstrating additional morphological and molecular diversity within Lactifluus subgen. Gerardii.

The genetic diversity of Auricularia polytricha among 27 wild populations in China was analyzed by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. At the species level, a total of 509 loci were amplified using eleven ISSR primers with the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) = 100%, Nei's gene diversity (H) = 0.1935, Shannon information index (I) = 0.3274, and total genetic diversity (H_t) = 0.1918. At the population level, P = 35.3%, H = 0.1277 and I = 0.1907 whereas diversity within populations (H_s) is 0.1135. A high degree of genetic differentiation (G_st = 0.4081) among populations was detected. This genetic structure is likely due to the combined effects of the limited gene flow (N_m = 0.7251), geographical isolation, and random genetic drift. Clustering analysis revealed that a remarkable geographical relatedness exists among strains within population, whereas no distinct geographical pattern occurs in the genetic variation among populations. Furthermore, clustering analysis did not suggest genetic variation to be correlated with the host association.

Hypotrachyna altorum (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) is described as a new corticolous lichen species from the montane cloud forests of Réunion Island (Mascarene archipelago). It is similar to the Brazilian species H. silvatica (Lynge) Hale from which it differs by the size and shape of the ascospores, medullary pigmentation, habitat and distribution. The new taxon is briefly compared to other Hypotrachyna species with similar secondary metabolites.

La nouvelle espèce Hypotrachyna altorum (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) est décrite des forêts des nuages de l'île de La Réunion (archipel des Mascareignes). Ce lichen corticole ressemble à l'espèce brésilienne H. silvatica (Lynge) Hale dont il se distingue par la taille et la forme de ses ascospores, la pigmentation de sa médulle, son habitat et sa répartition. Le nouveau taxon est brièvement comparé aux autres Hypotrachyna contenant des métabolites secondaires semblables.