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29 April 2019 Late Summer Oviposition of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Olive Groves and Adjacent Trees
Rafael Alcalá Herrera, Mercedes Campos, Francisca Ruano
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Abstract

In this study, we assess how chrysopids (generalist predators widely used as biological control agents) use olive, almond, oak, and pine trees for oviposition. We sampled clutches of chrysopids from tree canopies in August 2016 and 2017. Additionally, we checked the stage (alive, predated, emerged, or parasitized) and the site (upper side, edge, or underside of leaves) and mode (single and cluster clutches) for oviposition in every clutch. The clutches collected alive in August 2016 were raised in the laboratory and identified to species level. No differences in clutch abundance were observed amongst tree species, years and locations, suggesting that chrysopids are geographically well spread and that all of the tree species are equally suitable to support clutches of active chrysopids in this period. Additionally, chrysopids preferred to lay their clutches on the edge and upper side of the leaves and the single clutches were the most frequent. We collected clutches of 9 chrysopid species (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) belonging to four genera, from which Pseudomallada prasinus (Burmeister, 1839), Cunctochrysa baetica (Hölzel, 1972), and Chrysoperla mutata (McLachlan, 1898) were the most abundant.The almond trees shelter the highest chrysopid species richness. We found C. mutata as the only Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964 species laying on the olive trees and Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix, 1912) and Chrysoperla pallida Henry et al., 2002 on the almond trees. Although every tree species is able to shelter a similar abundance of eggs of chrysopids, conserving different trees ensures the existence of a diverse assemblage of chrysopids that might respond to periodical perturbations and moves to olive groves in the case of a pest outbreak.

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Rafael Alcalá Herrera, Mercedes Campos, and Francisca Ruano "Late Summer Oviposition of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Olive Groves and Adjacent Trees," Environmental Entomology 48(3), 506-513, (29 April 2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz040
Received: 30 July 2018; Accepted: 30 March 2019; Published: 29 April 2019
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KEYWORDS
biological control by conservation
ecological infrastructure
natural vegetation
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