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10 January 2020 Distribution Pattern of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tomato Chlorotic Spot Virus in South Florida Tomato Fields
Rafia A. Khan, Dakshina R. Seal, Shouan Zhang, Oscar E. Liburd, Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, Edward Evans
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Abstract

Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) is an orthotospovirus that causes a devastating disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller).TCSV emerged recently in South Florida. Studies were conducted in three commercial tomato fields in Miami-Dade County, Florida during the vegetable-growing seasons from October to April in 2015 through 2017. Each year, data were collected at 3, 6, and 9 wk after transplanting at various distances from the edges of each fields. Based on 3 yr total samples, three species of thrips were commonly observed melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (62.16 ± 0.79%), being the most abundant species followed by common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (21.55 ± 0.66%), and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (16.26 ± 0.61%). Abundance of all thrips and TCSV infected plants was high at the edge of a tomato field 3 wk after transplanting with significantly fewer infected plants toward the center of the field.The distribution patterns of thrips and TCSV in various fields were mostly regular and aggregated across the sampling dates during the study period. Abundance of TCSV symptomatic plants and thrips species was high at the edge of the field and increased over time. The number of samples required to accurately determine population density of thrips was calculated by using three precision levels (0.10, 0.20, 0.30) at three predetermined densities of thrips (0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 per sample).This information will provide guidelines to growers, crop protection personnel, agricultural scouts, and researchers to develop a sustainable thrips and tospovirus management program.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Rafia A. Khan, Dakshina R. Seal, Shouan Zhang, Oscar E. Liburd, Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan, and Edward Evans "Distribution Pattern of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tomato Chlorotic Spot Virus in South Florida Tomato Fields," Environmental Entomology 49(1), 73-87, (10 January 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz153
Received: 6 August 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 10 January 2020
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KEYWORDS
edge effect
optimum sample size
spatial distribution
thrips
tomato chlorotic spot virus
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