Anteon nanlingense sp. nov. and Anteon longum sp. nov. are described from Nanling National Nature Reserve (Guangdong, P.R. China). A check-list of Dryinidae from Nanling National Nature Reserve is presented.
Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids of Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007). The species of Dryinidae inhabiting China have been studied in the last 10 years mainly by He & Xu (2002), Xu, He & Olmi (2001) and Xu, Olmi & He (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2007, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2010, 2011). With approximately 126 described species, Anteon Jurine, 1807, is 1 of the largest genera of the Oriental region. Two additional new species of Anteon are described herein. They were collected in 1 of the most interesting protected areas of P.R. China, i.e., Nanling National Nature Reserve. This large park includes the highest mountain of Guangdong Province, Mt. Shikengkong (1902 m). This paper presents a revised check-list of Dryinidae inhabiting Nanling National Nature Reserve.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The descriptions follow the terminology used by He & Xu (2002) and Olmi (1984, 1994, 1999). The measurements reported are relative, except for the total length (head to abdominal tip, without the antennae), which is expressed in mm. In the descriptions, POL is the distance between the inner edges of the lateral ocelli; OL is the distance between the inner edge of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus; OOL is the distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye; OPL is the distance from the posterior edge of a lateral ocellus to the occipital carina; TL is the distance from the posterior edge of an eye to the occipital carina.
The material studied in this paper is deposited in the Hymenoptera Collection of South China Agricultural University, Department of Entomology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China (SCAU).
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS
Anteon nanlingense sp. nov. (Fig. 1)
Material examined: Holotype: Female, P.R. CHINA, Guangdong Prov., Nanling National Nature Reserve, 4–5.X.2004, Zaifu Xu (SCAU).
Description. Holotype female; Macropterous; length 2.4 mm; head black, except mandibles, clypeus and anterior half of face are testaceous; ventral side of head black, except a median testaceous stripe; antenna testaceous; prothorax testaceous; rest of mesosoma black; petiole black; gaster testaceous, except some brown areas on dorsal side; legs testaceous-whitish. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 10:4:10:7:6.5:7:7:6:6:8.5. Head shiny, smooth, punctate, without sculpture among punctures; anterior half of face rugose; frontal line complete; face with 2 lateral longitudinal keels around orbits and directed towards antennal toruli; POL = 5; OL = 4; OOL = 5; OPL = 3.5; TL = 3; greatest breadth of posterior ocellus much shorter than OPL (2:3.5); occipital carina complete. Pronotum shiny, smooth, with anterior surface weakly rugose; posterior surface smooth, finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures; posterior surface shorter than scutum (8:12.5), more than twice as broad as long (18:8); pronotal tubercles reaching tegulae. Scutum shiny, finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.9 length of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, without sculpture. Propodeum reticulate rugose, with a strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; posterior surface with 2 longitudinal keels and median area shiny, as rugose as lateral areas, with some smooth areas. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (5:9). Fore tarsal segments in following proportions: 8:2.5:2.5:4:16; fore tarsal segment 2 curved into a hook. Segment 5 of fore tarsus (Fig. 1) with basal part slightly longer than distal part (10:7). Enlarged claw (Fig. 1) with a proximal prominence bearing a long bristle. Segment 5 of fore tarsus (Fig. 1) with 2 rows of 3 + 24 lamellae; distal apex with a group of 8 lamellae.
Male. Unknown.
Hosts. Unknown.
Etymology. This species is named after its occurrence in Nanling National Nature Reserve, China.
Remarks. Anteon nanlingense resembles A. xuexini Xu, He & Olmi, 2001, from P.R. China, Zhejiang Prov. However, in A. nanlingense the prothorax is testaceous, the notauli reach approximately 0.9 length of scutum and the anterior half of the face is dull and rugose, whereas in A. xuexini the prothorax is black, the notauli reach 0.6–0.7 length of scutum and the anterior half of the face is smooth and punctate. Following the above description of A. nanlingense, the key to the females of Oriental Anteon presented by Xu, He & Olmi (2001) can be modified by replacing couplet 11 as follows:
Figs. 1 and 2.
Chelae of holotypes of Anteon nanlingense sp. nov. (1) and Anteon longum sp. nov. (2). Scale bars 0.10 mm for 1 and 0.11 mm for 2.
11 Scutellum testaceous-reddish A. subdignum Olmi
— Scutellum black 11′
11′ Anterior half of face dull, rugose, posterior half punctate, without sculpture among punctures; prothorax testaceous; notauli reaching approximately 0.9 length of scutum A. nanlingense sp. nov.
— Face completely finely punctate, smooth; prothorax black; notauli reaching approximately 0.6- 0.7 length of scutum A. xuexini Xu, He & Olmi
Anteon longum sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
Material examined: Holotype: female, P.R. CHINA, Guangdong Prov., Nanling National Nature Reserve, 4–5.X.2004, Zaifu Xu (SCAU).
Description. Holotype female, Macropterous, length 3.1 mm; head black, except mandibles testaceous; antenna testaceous; mesosoma black; gaster brown; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 12:6:10:8:7:8:7:7:7:10. Head shiny; face rugose, mainly on lateral regions, with a large area in front of anterior ocellus smooth, punctate and without sculpture among punctures; vertex weakly rugose behind posterior ocelli and on temples; frontal line complete; face with 2 lateral keels near orbits directed towards antennal toruli; anterior third of face and clypeus densely hairy; rest of head almost hairless; POL = 5; OL = 4; OOL = 4; OPL = 5; TL = 5; greatest breadth of posterior ocellus shorter than OPL (3:5); occipital carina complete. Pronotum shiny, with anterior surface rugose; posterior surface shiny, punctate, without sculpture among punctures, shorter than scutum (9:16), more than twice as broad as long (22:9); pronotal tubercles reaching tegulae. Scutum, scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.7 length of scutum. Propodeum with a strong transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface reticulate rugose; posterior surface with 2 complete longitudinal keels and median area as rugose as lateral areas. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much shorter than proximal part (5:11). Fore tarsal segments in following proportions: 8:2.5:2.5:6:19. Enlarged claw (Fig. 2) with a proximal prominence bearing a long bristle. Segment 5 of fore tarsus (Fig. 2) with basal part slightly longer than distal part (11:8), with 2 rows of approximately 6 + 27 lamellae; distal apex with a group of about 7 lamellae.
Male. Unknown.
Hosts. Unknown.
Etymology. This species is named after the conspicuous length of the holotype.
Remarks. Anteon longum resembles A. acre Olmi, 1991, from Vietnam and Taiwan. However, in A. longum the posterior surface of pronotum is longer than half of scutum and OPL is longer than OOL, whereas in A. acre the posterior surface of pronotum is shorter than half of scutum and OPL is much shorter than OOL. Following the above description of Anteon longum, the key to the females of Oriental Anteon presented by Xu, He & Olmi (2001) can be modified by replacing couplet 56 as follows:
56 Segment 4 of fore tarsus as long as segment 1 A. insertum Olmi
— Segment 4 of fore tarsus shorter than segment 1 56′
56′ Posterior surface of pronotum shorter than half of scutum; head with OPL much shorter than OOL A. acre Olmi
— Posterior surface of pronotum longer than half of scutum; head with OPL longer than OOL A. longum sp. nov.
CHECK-LIST OF DRYINIDAE OF NANLING NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE
This check-list is the result of many years of research by 1 of the authors (Prof. Zaifu Xu) in Nanling National Nature Reserve. The following 28 species were found:
Aphelopinae
Aphelopus maculiceps Bergman, 1957
Aphelopus nepalensis Olmi, 1984 Aphelopus taiwanensis Olmi, 1991
Aphelopus zhaoi Xu, He & Olmi, 1998
Anteoninae
Anteon bauense Olmi, 1984
Anteon borneanum Olmi, 1984
Anteon chaoi Xu & He, 1997
Anteon fidum Olmi, 1991
Anteon hirashimai Olmi, 1993
Anteon insertum Olmi, 1991
Anteon lankanum Olmi, 1984
Anteon lini Olmi, 1996
Anteon longum, new species
Anteon nanlingense, new species
Anteon songyangense Xu, He & Olmi, 1998
Anteon thai Olmi, 1984
Anteon wengae Xu, Olmi & He, 2006b
Anteon yasumatsui Olmi, 1984
CONCLUSIONS
Nanling National Nature Reserve is a large mainly mountainous area covered with dense forests. This range, separating Guangdong and Hunan Provinces, hosts populations of temperate and tropical species. This environment explains why the above check-list is composed mainly of 3 genera of Dryinidae: Aphelopus Dalman, 1823, Anteon Jurine, 1807, and Dryinus Latreille, 1804. Notably These genera include species with macropterous females that parasitize mainly forest leafhoppers and planthoppers. Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae are parasitized by Aphelopus; Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae, Eurymelinae, Iassinae, Idiocerinae, Ledrinae, Macropsinae and Tartessinae are parasitized by Anteon; many families of Fulgoromorpha (Acanaloniidae, Cixiidae, Flatidae, Fulgoridae, Issidae, Lophopidae, Ricaniidae and Tropiduchidae) are parasitized by Dryinus (Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007). The subfamily Gonatopodinae, characterized mainly by apterous females, parasitizes Hemiptera feeding on herbaceous plants, so that the species usually do not live in forests and prefer grasslands. Among the few genera of Gonatopodinae with macropterous females, Neodryinus Perkins, is better adapted to live in forests, because the species parasitize Flatidae, Nogodinidae and Ricaniidae, which feed both on herbaceous plants and on shrubs and trees. Currently Nanling National Nature Reserve is known to host 28 of the 193 dryinid species listed in China by He & Xu (2002).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Mr. Zhongrun Zhang, Mr. Desong Ruan, Mr. Jingxian Liu, Mr. Jujian Chen, Mr. Bin Xiao, Mr. Hanjian Huang, Mr. Wuqing Fan, Mr. Huayan Chen, Mr. Bo Qiu, Miss Liqiong Weng, Miss Jieming Yao, Miss Juanjuan Ma, Miss Zeng Jie, Miss Chundan Hong, Miss Yali Cai, from South China Agricultural University for their assistance with fieldwork.
