Two new species, Pangrapta paralasiophora sp. nov. and Pangrapta neorecusata sp. nov.,are described from South China. Each of them is superficially similar to Pangrapta lasiophora(Hampson, 1926) and Pangrapta recusata (Walker, 1859), but they can easily be distinguishedby their genitalia. Illustrations of external features and genitalia are provided.
The genus Pangrapta Hübner, 1818 was established on the basis of the type species Pangrapta decoralis Hübner, 1818 and initially placed in Pangraptinae (Grota 1882). However recently the genus had been placed in various subfamilies by different authors, i.e., in Ophiderinae (Kononenko et al. 1998; Chen 1999); in Catocalinae (Holloway 2005; Kononenko & Pinratana 2005); in Eublemminae (Fibiger & Lafontaine 2005; Kononenko & Han 2007; Park et al. 2007) and in Pangraptinae (Holloway 2011; Kishida 2011). Zahiri et al. (2011, 2012) confirmed by DNA sequencing that Pangraptinae is a good subfamily.
Pangrapta is a large genus with 86 known species in the world (Poole 1989). The species are widely distributed and recorded in Asia, i.e., 15 known species in Korea (Kononenko et al. 1998; Kononenko & Han 2007); 24 known species in China (Chen 1999); 7 known and 4 unnamed species in Thailand (Kononenko & Pinratana 2005); 13 known and 9 new species in Borneo (Holloway 2005); 4 known species in Vietnam (Park et al. 2007); 22 known species in the complete checklist in Borneo (Holloway 2011); 1 new species (Kishida 2010) and 15 known species in Japan (Sugi 1982; Kishida 2011). Until now, the total species of Pangrapta number about 100.
Materials and Methods
The new species were collected by light trap in Nanling National Nature Reserve (Guangdong, China), Mt. Wuyishan (Jiangxi, China) and Hainan Island. Specimens were cleared in 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and mounted in glycerin (C3H8O3). Photographs of adults were taken by a Sony T100 digital camera and those of the genitalia were taken by a Carl Zeiss Discovery V12 stereo microscope. The plates were compiled by use of Adobe Photoshop software 6.0. All specimens are deposited in Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Pangrapta paralasiophora sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 3 and 5)
Diagnosis
The new species is very similar to Pangrapta lasiophora (Hampson, 1926) in its external features, but can be distinguished in that the new species has a darker wing ground color, a broader cucullus, V-shaped saccus and the straight and long vesica compared to lasiophora.
Description
Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 35 mm. Head, thorax and collar blackish brown; antenna brown, filiform; labial palpus white with black, stretched beyond the vertex. Abdomen grayish brown. Forewing ground color blackish brown with an obviously triangular patch between medial and subterminal lines; basal line black, just represented at front part; antemedial line black and wavy, inconspicious, excurved to orbicular spot, then incurved to inner margin; medial line black, poorly discernible and sinuated, excurved to reniform spot, then incurved to inner margin; postmedial line black, sinuated and strongly excurved to M1, then incurved to inner margin; subterminal line poorly discernible, black and zigzag; terminal line black and wavy; cilia blackish brown; reniform spot short and small, wedge-shaped; orbicular spot black circle. Hindwing ground color dark brown; medial line poorly obvious, relatively broad; postmedial line black, sinuous; several black strips at outside of postmedial line; terminal line black, wavy; cilia blackish brown; discal spot poorly developed.
Male genitalia (Figs. 3 and 5). Uncus almost as long as tegumen, slightly shrunk at base, pointed at top; tegumen relatively broad near the base; valve thin, long, shrunk near the base; cucullus round, broad, knife-shaped; costa and sacculus narrow, without process; saccus small, V-shaped. Aedeagus short, straight, 1/1.5 times as long as vesica; vesica membranous, with small grains, diverticulum with 2 flat spurs.
Type Material
HOLOTYPE: Male, China, Hainan Island. PARATYPES: 1 male, same date as holotype; 1 male, Guangxi.
Etymology
The specific name is derived from the name of the sister species, P. lasiophora (Hampson, 1926).
Figs. 1–6.
New Pangrapta species. 1. Adult Pangrapta paralasiophora sp. nov.; 2. Adult P. neorecusata sp. nov.; 3. and 5. Genitalia of P. paralasiophora sp. nov.; and 4. and 6. Genitalia of P. neorecusata sp. nov.
Pangrapta neorecusata sp. nov.
(Figs. 2, 4 and 6)
Diagnosis
The new species is very similar to the species, P. paralasiophora sp. nov. and Pangrapta lasiophora (Hampson, 1926) in its external features, but it is similar to P. recusata (Walker, 1859) in the male genitalia. Pangrapta neorecusata sp. nov. differs from P. recusata as follows: the color of the wing blackish brown; an obviously triangular patch between postmedial and subterminal lines; discal spot wedge-shaped with white around; harpe short and strongly sclerotized; saccus arc-shaped. Comparing to paralasiophora and lasiophora, the new species has the triangular patch between postmedial and subterminal lines, discal spot with white around, broader valva and robust harpe.
Description
Adult (Fig. 2). Wingspan 33 mm. Head, collar and thorax blackish brown; antenna brown, filiform; labial palpus graysih yellow, stretched beyond the vertex. Abdomen brown. Forewing ground color blackish brown; a white triangular patch at costal margin between postmedial and subterminal lines; basal line black, poorly discernible; antemedial line black, excurved to orbicular spot, then incurved to inner margin; medial line black, excurved to reniform spot, then incurved to inner margin; postmedial line black and wavy, excurved to M2, then arc-shaped and incurved to inner margin; subterminal line poorly discernible, similar zigzag; terminal line black and wavy; cilia blackish brown; reniform spot short and small, wedge-shaped; orbicular spot black and round. Hindwing ground color blackish brown; medial line black, relatively broad; postmedial line black, sinuous; some dark brown strips outside of postmedial line; terminal line black brown, wavy; cilia blackish brown; discal spot wedge-shaped with white around.
Male genitalia (Figs. 4 and 6). Uncus thin, long, hook-shaped at top; tegumen common; valve long, somewhat broad distally; cucullus round; costa narrow; harpe thin, long, strongly sclerotized, point at top; sacculus narrow; saccus arc-shaped. Aedeagus straight, many small spurs near the top; vesica with 2 cornuti.
