Two genera, Acropsilus and Chrysotimus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), and 14 species are recorded for the first time from Taiwan. One species of Chrysotimus is described as new from Taiwan. A key to the genus Chrysotimus species from China is presented.
There are only 1 genus and 4 species of Peloropeodinae in Taiwan even though 39 genera and 170 species of Dolichopodidae are recorded worldwide (Yang et al. 2011). Here we present 2 first-record genera of Peloropeodinae, Acropsilus and Chrysotimus, and also several first-record species of Diaphorinae and Sympycninae from Taiwan. Two species of these genera broaden their distribution range to the Oriental Region.
The genus Chrysotimus is distributed worldwide—except the Afrotropical Region—with more than 70 known species, of which 14 species are known from the Palaearctic (Negrobov 1991) and 25 species from the Oriental Region (Dyte 1975; Yang et al. 2006, 2011; Wang et al. 2012). This paper deals with a new species of Chrysotimus from Taiwan, Chrysotimus taiwanensis sp. nov., and presents a key of the genus in China.
Materials and Methods
The specimens used in this study were collected by different collectors with sweep nets in Taiwan from 2007 to 2011. Specimens were studied and illustrated under a Zeiss Stemi 2000–c stereo microscope. Genitalie preparations were made by macerating the apical portions of the abdomens in warm 10% NaOH for 17–20 min, examining them, transferring them to 75% ethanol, and individually storing each of them in a micro-vial pinned below the corresponding specimen. Most specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of Chinese Agricultural University (CAU), China, except some are deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium.
Abbreviations are as follows: acr = acrostichal bristles, ad = anterodorsal bristles, av = anteroventral bristles, d = dorsal bristles, dc = dorsocentral bristles, LI = fore leg, LI I = mid leg, LIII = hind leg, oc = ocellar bristles, pd = posterodorsal bristles, pv = postero ventral bristles, v = ventral bristles, CuAx ratio = length of m-cu / length of distal portion of CuA.
Results
1. Acropsilus zengchengensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007
Acropsilus zengchengensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2007. Biologia 62(1): 93.
TYPE LOCALITY
Guangdong, Zengcheng, Huizhou, Fugang.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Guangdong, Zengcheng, Nankunshan, 12-V-2004, Mengqing Wang. PARATYPES, 1male, 2 females, Guangdong, Huizhou, 11-V-2004, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 24014); 1♂, Guangdong, Zengcheng, Nankunshan, 12-V-2004, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 24017); 2 males, 3 females, Guangdong, Fogang, Guanyinshan, 15-V-2004, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 24023). Other materials: 1 male, Taiwan, Pingdong, Hengchun, Tropical Test Center, 7-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Guangdong (Fogang, Huizhou, Zengcheng).
2. Chaetogopteron acutatum Yang & Grootaert, 1999
Chaetogonopteron acutatum Yang & Grootaert, 1999. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 69: 267.
TYPE LOCALITY
Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Yunnan, Mengyang, 11-111-1999, Patrick Grootaert. PARATYPES, 2 males, same data as holotype (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 99091). Other materials: 3 males, Guangdong, Nanling, 9~18-VII-2005, Yali Cai; 6 males, 1 female, Taiwan, Yilan, Fushan botanic garden 670 m, 10-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Yilan), Yunnan (Mengyang), Guangdong (Nanling).
3. Chaetogonopteron anae Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
Chaetogonopteron anae Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005b. Biologia 60 (5): 508.
TYPE LOCALITY
Guangdong, Conghua, Liuxihe, and Wuhuaxian, Qimuzhang; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Guangdong, Conghua Liuxihe, 16-VII-2003, Shuwen An. PARATYPES, 1 male, Guangdong, Wuhua Qimuzhang, 31-VII-2003, Shuwen An. Other materials, 2 males, Guangxi, Jinxiu Dayaoshan, 26-VII-2005, Yajun Zhu; 1 male, Taiwan, Nantou county, Yuchi, Lianhua Pond, alt. 675 m, 11. XI. 2010, Yang Ding; 1 male, Taiwan, Taizhong county, Baxianshan, alt. 800 m, 5-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Nantou, Taizhong), Guangdong (Conghua, Wuhua), Guangxi (Jinxiu).
4. Chaetogonopteron apicinigrum Yang & Grootaert, 1999
Chaetogonopteron apicinigrum Yang & Grootaert, 1999. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 69: 268.
TYPE LOCALITY
Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Yunnan, Jinghong, Mengyang, 5-III-1999, Ding Yang. PARATYPES, 4 males, 8 females, Yunnan, Menghai, 6-III-1999, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 99064). Other materials: 5 males,11 females (no. 99066), 1 male (no. 99079), 1 male (no. 99080), Yunnan, Mengla, 8-III-1999, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences); 1male, 1 female, Taiwan, Yilan, Fushan botanic garden 670 m, 10-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 4 males, Taiwan, Nantou, Yuchi, Lianhua Pond, alt. 675 m, ll-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Nantou, Yilan), Yunnan (Menghai, Mengla, Mengyang).
5. Chaetogonopteron ceratophorum Yang & Grootaert, 1999
Chaetogonopteron ceratophorum Yang & Grootaert, 1999. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 69: 269.
TYPE LOCALITY
Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Yunnan, Menglun, 7-III-1999, Ding Yang. PARATYPE 10 males, same data as holotype. Other materials: 11 males, 8 females, Guangxi, Tian'e, alt. 340 m, 9-VIII-2002, Ding Yang; 6 males, Taiwan, Pingdong, Hengchun, Tropical Test Center, alt. 198 m, 7-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Yunnan (Menglun), Guangxi (Tian'e).
6. Chaetogonopteron liui Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
Chaetogonopteron liui Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005a. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 75: 217.
TYPE LOCALITY
Guangdong, Dapu, Fengxi.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Guangdong, Dapu, Fegnxi, 29-VII-2003, Shuwen An. PARATYPES, 19 males, 14 females, same data as holotype. Other materials: 2 males, Taiwan, Pingdong, Shouka, alt. 400 m, 30-V-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 12 males, 2 females, Taiwan, Yilan, Fushan botanic garde, alt. 670 m, 10-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 1 male, Taiwan, Yilan, Datongyingshi village, alt. 1,140 m, 13-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong, Yilan), Guangdong (Dapu).
7. Chaetogonopteron luteicinctum (Parent, 1926)
Sympycnusluteicinctum Parent, 1926. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B II) Diptera 2: 134.
TYPE LOCALITY
Shanghai, “Zi-Ka-Wei.”
Chaetogonopteron luteicinctum (Parent): Yang, Zhu, Wang & Zhang, 2006. World Catalog of Dolichopodidae: 472.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
Two males, 3 females, Fujian, Wuyishan mountain, alt. 800 m, 20-V-1960, YongZuo; 2 males, 1 female, Yunnan, Lvchun, alt. 1,900–2,000 m, 31-V-1996, Toyohei Saigusa; 3 males, Yunnan, Lvchun, 5-III-1996, Ding Yang; 5 males, Guangxi, Tian'e, alt. 1,100 m, 3-VIII-2002, Ding Yang; 1 male, 4 females, Guangdong, Ruyuan, Nanling, alt. 1,000 m, 26-III-2003, Patrick Grootaert (deposited in Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, no. 23009); 1 male, 2 females, Taiwan, Nantou, Yuchi, Lianhua Pond, ll-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Nantou), Henan (Neixiang, Luanchuan), Shanghai, Zhejiang (Tianmushan), Fujian (Chongan), Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan.
8. Chaetogonopteron menglunense Yang & Grootaert, 1999
Chaetogonopteron menglunense Yang & Grootaert, 1999. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 69: 220.
TYPE LOCALITY
Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Yunnan, Menglun, alt. 800 m, 10-IV-1981, Fasheng Li. 6 males, Taiwan, Pingdong, Hengchun, Tropical Test Center, 7-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Yunnan (Menglun).
9. Chaetogonopteron pallipilosum Yang & Grootaert, 1999
Chaetogonopteron pallipilosum Yang & Grootaert, 1999. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 69: 274.
TYPE LOCALITY
Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengyang.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Yunnan, Mengyang, 5-III-1999, Ding Yang. PARATYPES, 4 males, same data as holotype. Other materials: 1 male, Guangxi, Tian'e, 9-VIII-2002, Ding Yang; 2 males, Taiwan, Taizhong, Baxianshan mountain, alt. 800 m, 4~5-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 1 male, Taiwan, Nantou, Riyuetan, alt. 800 m, 18-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 13 males, Taiwan, Nantou, Yuchi, Lianhua Pond, ll-XI-2010, Ding Yang ; 2 males 10 females, Taiwan, Jiayi, Zhuqi, Shuisheliao, alt. 1165 m, 16-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Yunnan (Menglun), Guangxi (Tian'e).
10. Chaetogonopteron wuhuaense Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
Chaetogonopteron wuhuaense Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005a. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 75: 218.
TYPE LOCALITY
Guangdong, Wuhua, Qimuzhang.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Guangdong, Wuhua, Qimuzhang, 31-VII-2003, Xingyue Liu. PARATYPES, 2 males, 1female, same data as holotype. Other materials: 4 males, 1 female, Guangdong, Xinfeng, Yunjishan, 19-VII-2003, Shuwen An; 1 male, Taiwan, Pingdong, Hengchun, Tropical Test Center, 7-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Guangdong (Wuhua, Xinfeng).
11. Chaetogonopteron zhangae Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
Chaetogonopteron zhangae Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005b. Biologia 60(5): 508.
TYPE LOCALITY
Guangdong, Ruyuan, Nanling.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Guangdong, Ruyuan, Nanping, 26-III-2003, Lili Zhang. PARATYPE, 1 female, same data as holotype. Other materials: 12 males, Taiwan, Nantou, Yuchi, Lianhua Pond, ll-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Nantou), Guangdong (Ruyuan).
12. Chrysotus beijingensis Wang & Yang, 2006
Chrysotus beijingensis Wang & Yang, 2006a. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 53(2): 250.
TYPE LOCALITY
Beijing, Xiangshan.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, ♂, Beijing, Xiangshan, 17∼19-VIII-1997, Ding Yang. PARATYPES, 5 males, same data as holotype. Other materials: 3 males, 2 females, Taiwan, Pingdong, Hengchun, Tropical Test Center, 7-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Pingdong), Beijing (Xiangshan).
13. Chrysotus brevicercus Wang & Yang, 2008
Chrysotus brevicercus Wang & Yang, 2008. Entomologica Fennica 19(4): 235.
TYPE LOCALITY
Henan, Songxian, Neixiang & Luanchan; Shandong, Mouping & Kunyushan.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTYPE, 1 male CHINA: Henan, Song County, Baiyunshan, 18-VII-2004, Hui Dong. PARATYPES, 3 males, Henan, Song County, Baiyunshan, 15-VII-2004, Kuiyan Zhang. Other materials: 9 males, Henan, Song County, Baiyunshan, 18-VII-2004, Kuiyan Zhang; 3 males, Henan, Neixiang, Baotianman, 24∼25-VII-2004, Hui Dong; 5 males, 10 females, Henan, Luoyang, Luanchuan, Longyuwan, 19∼21-VII-2004, Kuiyan Zhang; 1 male, Shandong, Mouping, Kunyushan, 19-VIII-2004, Hui Dong; 2 males, 10 females, Taiwan, Jiayi, Zhuqi, Shuisheliao, 16-XI-2010, Ding Yang.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Jiayi), Henan (Songxian, Neixiang, Luoyang), Shandong (Mouping).
14. Diophorus hainanensis Yang & Saigusa, 2001
Diaphorus hainanensis Yang & Saigusa, 2001. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Entomologie 71: 161.
TYPE LOCALITY
Hainan, Xinglong.
MATERIAL EXAMINED
HOLOTY PE, 1 male CHINA: Hainan, Xinglong, 21-XII-1974, Jikun Yang. Other materials, 1 male, Taiwan, Nantou, Riyuetan, alt. 800 m, 18-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Nantou), Hainan (Xinglong).
15. Chrysotimus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3)
TYPE LOCALITY
Taiwan (Pingdong Dahanshan Mountain).
MALE
Body length 2.1–2.2 mm, wing length 2.2–2.3 mm.
Head metallic green with gray pollen; frons and face brilliant. Hairs and bristles on head yellow. Ocellar tubercle weak, with 2 very long oc and 2 very short posterior hairs. Lower postocular bristles (including ventral hairs) pale. Antenna blackish; first flagellomere (Fig. 2) rather short, about 0.5 times wider than long; arista subapical, with basal segment very short. Proboscis blackish, with brown hairs; palpus dark brown, with yellow hairs and 2 brownish apical bristles.
Thorax metallic green with pale gray pollen, mesonotum and scutellum brilliant. Hairs and bristles on thorax brown; 4 dc, acr absent; scutellum with 2 pairs of bristles. Propleuron with 1 yellow bristle on lower portion. Legs including coxae yellow with 5th tarsomeres brown. Hairs and bristles on legs brownish; coxae with yellow hairs and bristles; fore coxa with 3–4 anterior and apical bristles, mid coxa with 2–3 anterior and apical bristles, hind coxa with 1 brown outer bristle near middle. Fore femur with 1 short av and lshort pv apically; mid and hind femora each with 1 av and 1 pv apically. Mid tibia with 2 ad and 1 pd, apically with 4 bristles; hind tibia with 2 ad and 1 pd, apically with 3 bristles. Fore tarso me re 1 with row of 8-10 v, mid tarsomere 1 without distinct v, hind tarsomere 1 with 7–8 short and black ventral bristles on basal 1/4, and row of 7–8 v. Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres of legs. LI 4.8:2.8:1.2:1.0:0.5:0.5; LII 6.4:2.6:1.6:1.0:0.6:0.5; LIII 6.8:3.0:2.0:1.2:0.8:0.6.
Wing hyaline; veins brownish, R4+5 and M parallel apically; CuAx ratio 0.30. Squama yellow with pale yellow hairs. Halter pale yellow.
Abdomen metallic green with pale gray pollen, dorsum brilliant. Hairs and bristles on abdomen brown.
Male genitalia (Fig. 3): Epandrium about as long as wide, apically with 1 slender lateral process; surstylus wide, deeply bifurcated; cercus large with acute apex.
FEMALE
Body length 2.1–2.3 mm, wing length 2.2–2.3 mm. Similar to male, The specific epithet derives from the type locality of Taiwan, but hind tarsomere 1 without black ventral bristles at base.
TYPE MATERIAL
HOLOTYPE, 1 male, Taiwan: Pingdong Dahanshan mountain, alt. 1,500–1,600 m, 7-VI- 2011, Xiaoyan Liu. PARATYPES, 2 males, same data as holotype. Other materials: 2 males, 9 females, Taiwan: Wulan Fushan Shuiguanlu, 18-V-2007, Nanyi Cal; 3 males, 3 females, Taiwan: Yilan Fushun botanic garden, alt. 670 m, 10-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu; 3 males, 8 females, Taiwan: Hualian Bilvshenmu, alt. 2,150 m, 20-VI-2011, Xiaoyan Liu.
DISTRIBUTION
Taiwan (Hualian, Pingdong, Wulan, Yilan).
ETYMOLOGY
REMARKS
This new species is similar to Chrysotimus xuae Wang, Yang & Grootaert by the brown hairs and bristles on thorax, and the furcated surstylus, but may be separated from the latter by the 7–8 short and black ventral bristles on hind tarsomere 1 base, and the cercus with acute apex. In xuae, there are 15–16 short and black ventral bristles on hind tarsomere 1 base, the cercus has no distinct acute apex.
Fig. 1.
Chrysotimus taiwanensis Wang & Yang, sp. nov., male: habitus, lateral view, scale bar = 0.4 mm.
Figs. 2 and 3.
Chrysotimus taiwanensis Wang & Yang, sp. nov., male: 2. first flagellomere, lateral view, scale bar = 0.2 mm; and 3. genitalia, lateral view, scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Key to species (males) of Chrysotimus from China
1. — Hind tarsomere 1 at most with sparse black bristles at base 2
1′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with bundle(s) of black ventral bristles at base 10
2(1). Hind tarsomere 1 without black ventral bristles at base (unknown in C. grandis) 3
2′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with black ventral bristles at base 6
3(2). Acr present 4
3′.— Acr absent 5
4(3). Mid tarsomere 1 shorter than tarso me res 2–5; surstylus with single lobe C. beijingensis (Yang & Saigusa, 2001)
4′.— Mid tarsomere 1 longer than tarsomeres 2–5; surstylus divided into 2 lobes C. grandis Wang & Yang, 2006
5(3). Mid tibia with 2 pd; epandrium process nearly quadrate C. guangxiensis Yang & Saigusa, 2001
5′.— Mid tibia with 1 pd; epandrium process with apical concavity C. sinensis Parent, 1944
6(2). Antenna with 1st and 2nd antennal segments yellow C. basiflavus Yang, 2001
6′.— Antenna wholly black 7
7(6). Five dc; acr absent C. apicicurvatus Yang, 2001
7′.— Six dc; acr present 8
8′.— Less than 6 irregularly paired acr; hind tarsomere 1 with 6–8 sparse black ventral bristles on basal 1/4 9
9 (8). Hind tibia with 2 ad, epandrium with long wide and trifurcated lateral process C. dalongensis Wang, Chen & Yang, 2012
9′.— Hind tibia with 1 ad, epandrium with short and bifurcated lateral process C. acutatus Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
10(1). Four or 5 dc; acr absent 11
10′.— Six dc; acr present 18
11(10). Arista dorsal; hypandrium with broad lateral process 12
11′.— Arista sub-apical; hypandrium with thin finger-like lateral process 13
12(11). Hind tibia with row of v, surstylus wide C. dorsalis Yang, 2001
12′.— Hind tibia without rowed v, surstylus slender C. huairouensis Wang, Chen & Yang, 2012
8(7). Nine to 10 irregularly paired acr; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 sparse black ventral bristles at base C. ningxianus Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
13(11) . Hind tarsomere 1 with 3–4 short black spine-like ventral bristles at base C. songshanus Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
13′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with more than 5 black ventral bristles at base 14
14(13). Hairs and bristles on thorax yellow 15
14′.— Hairs and bristles on thorax brownish or brown 16
15(14). Fore tarsomere 1 with row of about 10 v; hind tarsomere 1 with 22 short black ventral bristles on basal 1/4; surstylus basally without inner process C. chikuni Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
15′.— Fore tarsomere 1 without rowed v; hind tarsomere 1 with less than 20 black ventral bristles on basal 1/4; surstylus basally with inner process C. shennongjianus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
16(14). Hind tarsomere 1 with row of v; surstylus furcated apically 17
16′.— Hind tarsomere 1 without rowed v; surstylus not furcated apically C. bispinus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
17(16). Hind tarsomere 1 with 15-16 black basal ventral bristles; cercus round C. xuae Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
17′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with 7–8 black basal ventral bristles; cercus with acute apex C. taiwanensis sp. nov.
18(10). Acr 2–4 pairs 19
18′.— Acr 5 or more pairs 26
19(18). Hind tarsomere 1 with group of 8-12 black ventral bristles at base (which are somewhat sparse), but without distinct pv 20
19′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 (or 2) bundles of black basal ventral bristles, and row of 7–8 pv 22
20(19). CuAx ratio about 0.2; lateral process on epandrium not concave near middle 21
20′.— CuAx ratio 0.35; lateral process on epandrium concave near middle C. yunlonganus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
21(20). First flagellomere as long as wide; hind tibia without distinct v C. lii Wang & Yang, 2006
21′.— First flagellomere about 1.5 times wider than long; hind tibia with 2 pv C. linzhiensis Wang & Yang, 2006
22(19). R4+5 and M parallel apically; hind tarsomere 1 with bundle of 4–5 black ventral bristles at base 23
22′.— R4+5 and M slightly convergent apically; hind tarsomere 1 with 2 bundles of 3–4 black ventral bristles at base C. bifascia Yang & Saigusa, 2005
23(22). Hairs and bristles on thorax yellow or pale; surstylus on epandrium not furcated apically 24
23′.— Hairs and bristles on thorax brown; surstylus on epandrium furcated apically C. sanjiangyuanus Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
24(23). Fore tarsomere 1 without rowed v; hind tarsomere 1 with 4–5 black ventral bristles at base 25
24′.— Fore tarsomere 1 with row of 5–6 v; hind tarsomere 1 with 8 black ventral bristles at base C. guangdongensis Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
25(24). Hind femur with row of ad and pd; cercus long and narrow C. xiaolongmensis Zhang, Yang & Grootaert, 2003
25′.— Hind femur without distinct d; cercus round C. unifascia Yang & Saigusa, 2005
26(18). Hind tarsomere 1 with row of about 10 pv 27
26′.— Hind tarsomere 1 without distinct v 30
27(26). Hind tarsomere 1 with 10–12 black ventral bristles at base; mid tibia without distinct v 28
27′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with about 20 black ventral bristles at base; mid tibia with 1 pv 29
28(27). First flagellomere somewhat round, 2.0 times wider than long; cercus not furcated; dorsal lobe on surstylus thick and straight C. ginlingensis Yang & Saigusa, 2005
28′.— First flagellomere subtriangular, about as long as wide; cercus bifurcated; dorsal lobe on surstylus thin and curved C. bifurcatus Wang & Yang, 2006
29(27). Fore and mid tarsomere 1 without distinct v; epandrium basally with short process C. setosus Yang & Saigusa, 2005
29′.— Fore and mid tarsomere 1 each with row of 5–6 v; epandrium basally with long and broad process C. xiaohuangshanus Wang, Yang & Grootaert, 2005
30(26). Hind tarsomere 1 with bundle of short black ventral bristles; surstylus rather wide and thick; hypandrium with small apical incision 31
30′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with 2–3 bundles of 14–15 black ventral bristles on basal 1/6; surstylus narrow finger-like; hypandrium without apical incision C. digitatus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
31(30). Hairs and bristles on thorax pale or yellow 32
31′.— Hairs and bristles on thorax dark brown; hind tarsomere 1 with 15–16 black ventral bristles C. pingbianus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
32(31). Hind tarsomere 1 with 7 or less short black ventral bristles; 6 irregularly paired acr; palpus yellow 33
32′.— Hind tarsomere 1 with 12 short black ventral bristles; 8 irregularly paired acr; palpusdark brown C. incisus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
33(32). Hind tibia with 2 pd, hind tarsomere 1 with 4–5 short black ventral bristles; surstylus slender and finger like C. hubeiensis Wang, Chen & Yang, 2012
33′.— Hind tibia with 1 pd, hind tarsomere 1 with 7–8 short black ventral bristles; surstylus very wide C. lijianganus Yang & Saigusa, 2001
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to Dr. Patrick Grootaert (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium) and Dr. Xiaoyan Liu (CAU, Beijing, China) for collecting the specimens and helping in many other ways. This research is partly supported by the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (973 Program No. 2013CB127602) and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (No. 201103002).
