Scrophularia kollakii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Kurdistan Iraq, is described, and its distinguishing characters from nearest relatives are discussed. It is easily separated from S. olympica by its taller (30–75 vs. 20–30 cm) stems, 4–12-flowered (vs. 3-flowered) cymes, lanceolate (vs. linear to narrowly oblong), shorter (1–2 vs. 1.7–5 mm) bracteoles, scarious and usually purplish or dark yellow (vs. pale brown) margin of calyx, dark pink corolla 7–9 mm (vs. ca. 6 mm), and dark pink (vs. dark purple) upper corolla lip 3.5–5 mm (vs. 3 mm). It differs from S. sosnowskyi by having usually purplish or dark yellow (vs. white) scarious margin of calyx, dark pink (vs. greenish yellow with upper lip purple or violet) corolla, and obcordate (vs. obovate) staminode.