Li, S.; Tian, H.; Xue, Y.; Su, M.; Qiu, D.; Li, L., and Li, Z., 2015. Study on major construction disasters and controlling technology at the Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel.

The Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel was difficult because of complex geological conditions, including the 18 faults crossing the tunnel, large construction section, and high risks for collapse and water inrush. These conditions were considered as a background of this study. Geological disasters, such as collapse and water inrush, were introduced as the two main geological disasters during construction. Moreover, the advanced support pretreatment measures that aimed to address faults during construction and effectively prevented collapse disasters were introduced. For the water inrush disaster, geological forecasting was used to predict underground water location, and advanced grouting was adopted. The presented disaster control technologies were proven effective in the construction of the Qingdao Kiaochow Bay Subsea Tunnel. This study provides a certain reference value for disaster control technologies for subsea tunnel construction.