Zhang, D.; Xu, N.; Yue, Q., and Liu, D., 2015. Sea ice problems in Bohai Bay oil and gas exploitation.

Sea ice infests the Bohai Bay every winter. Normally, ice condition is slight but sometimes heavy ice conditions may occur. It has been difficult for offshore designers to determine the conditions and the ice loads. Two jackets were pushed over by ice and others were designed too conservative as ice load were overestimated. In recent years some of the platforms have met severe ice induced vibrations, which has caused harmful accidents. In this paper, sea ice problems in oil and gas exploitation of Bohai Bay are briefly introduced. The dynamic behavior of ice resistant jacket structures and the potential failure modes that arise from cyclic ice actions are described.