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This paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the total factor productivity of China's listed ocean shipping enterprises in 2016-2018. The results show that in recent years, the total factor productivity of these enterprises is in a good level in the transportation industry; the main reasons for the inefficiency of the ocean shipping enterprises are low technical inefficiency and management efficiency, and the technical and management level should be enhanced. In addition, China's ocean shipping enterprises should further control their investment and strengthen cost management. Finally, this paper proposes the reform direction of state-owned enterprises such as increasing R&D investment, improving corporate governance, reforming the assessment system, and performing market-oriented reforms.