Li, L.-B.; Zhang, J.-H., and Wu, L., 2019. Construction technology of cooperative blasting in high-steep slope and underground tunnel in offshore oil depot. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 1–5. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper aims to study the cooperative blasting technology in a high-steep slope and an underground tunnel. For this, an actual engineering project in an offshore oil depot is used as an example, and a comprehensive research method combining theoretical analysis, field test, and numerical simulation is adopted. In addition, based on the actual monitoring blasting vibration data, the dynamic parameters of the tunnel finite element model were determined, and then the existing blasting parameters were predicted accordingly to obtain the peak particle vibration velocity of the slope rock mass structure. The safety distance of the slope surface from the tunnel excavation face was determined by referring to the Safety Regulations for Blasting and the mechanical performance index of the rock mass to ensure that the tunnel excavation will not affect the stability of the slope rock mass. Meanwhile, according to the blasting parameters of the slope excavation, the measured blasting particle vibration parameters of the tunnel were combined with the tunnel dynamic finite element model to determine the safe distance between the slope excavation face and the surrounding rock of the tunnel, thereby ensuring the cooperative blasting in the high-steep slope and underground tunnel and achieving the purpose of shortening the construction period under conditions of stable slope surface and tunnel surrounding rock. This study provides an effective method for theoretical and technical research on the vibration effect of surrounding rock in existing tunnels.

Yan, Y.; Tian, T., and Wang, B., 2019. Impact of marine chloride ion erosion environment on the durability of deep sea pile foundation. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 6–9. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Subject to the chloride-induced corrosion, pipe pile foundations will suffer losses of the cross-sectional area of the steel bar, the bond strength between the steel bar and the concrete, as well as its bearing capacity. Even worse, it will malfunction. It is of great engineering significance to explore the corrosion initiation time and evaluate the service life of steel bars in pipe pile foundations under a marine environment. Based on Fick's law, this paper investigates the bilateral diffusion of chloride ions in pipe pile foundations in coastal areas and analyzes how the chloride ion diffusion effect is subjected to some key parameters such as bilateral erosion from chloride ions, mortar and concrete stratification, and temperature. In the end, the service life of prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles withstanding the bilateral diffusion of chloride ions is discussed. The findings show that when the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the pipe pile foundations is greater than 15°C, the wall temperature correction factor is quite different. It should be corrected according to the actual service conditions of the pipe pile foundations. Based on the hollow structure of PHC pipe piles, one should consider the simultaneous diffusion of chloride ions from the inner and outer walls and the centrifugal stratification of the pipe pile foundations when designing its service life. The mortar layer thickness and the ambient temperature are dominant factors that the service life of PHC pipe piles will be subject to. If the service year of the pipe pile foundation is 50 years, given the impact of the mortar layer, the thickness of the pipe pile foundation should be greater than 95 mm, and the mortar layer should be less than 10 mm; given the temperature effect, the pipe wall thickness should be greater than 100 mm. If the service year is 100 years, given the impact of the mortar layer, the wall thickness should be greater than 145 mm, and the mortar layer should be less than 25 mm; given the temperature effect, the wall thickness should be greater than 150 mm.

Qian, Y.; Dong, Y.; Tian, W., and Jin, Y., 2019. Theoretical analysis on the influence of the slope angle of plate for the failure mechanism of the concrete expanded-plates pile applied for oceanographic engineering under the horizontal force. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 10–13. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In oceanographic engineering, horizontal force is mainly the result of loads from wind, sea waves, and the like. A new type of pile, the concrete expanded-plates pile, was developed from the constant cross section concrete pile. By setting the bearing plate in different positions of the pile body, the constant cross section concrete pile is changed into a variable cross section pile, and the stress mechanism of the pile changes. Advantageous oceanographic engineering characteristics of the concrete expanded-plates pile include high bearing capacity and small settlement deformation under horizontal force. ANSYS engineering simulation and 3D design software was used to analyze stress and displacement in a model simulating different bearing plate slope angles. This research can qualitatively determine the failure characteristics of the pile and soil and the influence of bearing plate slope angles under horizontal load, and it can contribute to the improvement of the theoretical foundation of concrete expanded-plates piles, which benefits their further study and large-scale application in oceanographic engineering.

Song, S. and Du, U., 2019. The environmental carrying capacity of marine resources in the offshore areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X., (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 14–17. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Taking Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nantong in the offshore areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as the examples, this paper attempts to analyze systematically the development of environmental carrying capacity (ECC) of marine resources on the basis of constructing an evaluation index system consisting of marine economic development, marine resource endowment, marine ecological environment, and marine science and technology culture subsystems. The results show that the evaluation of the subsystems for marine resource ECC in Shanghai, Ningbo, and Nantong were quite different; the overall ECC development level of marine resource in each region is satisfactory; and Shanghai ranked first in the ECC development level of marine resource, followed by Nantong, and Ningbo was last. In the future, China should focus on scientific and technological progress and ecological environmental protection to promote the level of marine ecological environment carrying capacity in China.

Zhu, X.; Zhao, Z., and Yan, R., 2019. Coupling coordinated development of population, marine economy, and environment system: A case in Hainan Province, China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 18–21. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the development and utilization of marine resources over the past years, some contradictions and sustainability problems have come to the attention of scholars. This paper is an attempt to investigate the coupling coordinated development of the population-marine economy-environment system of Hainan Province from 2008 to 2018. A comprehensive evaluation index system of the population-marine economy-environment system was constructed, and the coupling coordination degree model was employed to identify the coupling coordination degree of the population-marine economy-environment system. The results show that the degree of coupling and coordination in Hainan Province has been increasing in 2008–2018, and the sustainable development of the population-marine economy-environment system has gradually improved.

Zhao, S.; Yan, P.; Zhao, C., and Chang, H., 2019. Construction of regional cooling and heating source air conditioning system based on ocean thermal energy and energy consumption analysis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 22–25. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The ocean contains a huge amount of ocean thermal energy (OTE). The cooling and heating source heat-pump air conditioning system based on OTE collects thermal energy from seawater; then with the aid of the compressor system and a small amount of electricity consumption, it can heat or cool the buildings within the region. By conducting exergy analysis on the system and comparing it with the energy consumption of the air source heat-pump system, it shows that in case of equal heating and cooling supply, the heat-pump energy consumption and system energy consumption of the regional cooling and heating source air conditioning system based on OTE are significantly lower than those of the air source heat-pump system, and it can save about 25% of the energy.

Wang, J.; Jiang, X., and Shan, C., 2019. International reference for efficiency of Shanghai transportation service trade in the construction of a free trade port. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 26–29. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

From the new perspective of service trade efficiency, this paper makes a horizontal comparison in efficiency evaluation among Shanghai Port, Singapore Port, and Busan Port to achieve the strategic goal of the free trade port. For this, the Interactive Linear and General Optimization Solver (LINGO) was applied to specific data processing. The innovations of this study are the use of the evaluation scores in the World Economic Forum for the efficiency of transportation service, quantification of the original nonquantitative evaluation items, and the optimized selection of the calculation mode by LINGO, which ensures the comparability of the results. The results show that Singapore Port's pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) are the highest, and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation is efficient. In recent years, Shanghai Port's PTE is little higher and the SE declines, and the DEA evaluation has not been efficient. The input indicators are redundant but still improving year by year.

Xu, N.; Ma, Y., and Wang, J., 2019. A fund management method for ocean shipping companies based on cost control theory. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 30–33. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Fund management is the core of the financial management of ocean shipping companies, and it is related to the operation scale and operation ability of the entire company. The cost control theory involves the corporate operation control system and the accounting control system, which can guide the company to obtain the maximum benefit. On the basis of the theory of cost control, this paper explores the control system and organizational structure of the fund management of ocean shipping companies in China, and proves the advantages of unified fund management through practical examples. The research results show that ocean shipping has become an important transportation method for international trade; the conditions of fund management in ocean shipping companies are becoming more and more severe, and using centralized management and unified approval to manage the funds can produce maximum benefits; moreover, by allocating the flow of funds of each branch, the outflow of funds from the headquarters of ocean shipping companies can be reduced, and the maximum benefit of the funds can be achieved as well. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the fund management of ocean shipping companies.

Mao, C.; Li, U., and Liu, M., 2019. Influence of internal control on inefficient investment of Chinese port listed companies. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 34–37. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

On the basis of 2009–2017 port listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, this paper empirically examines the influence of internal control on inefficient investment. The study found that internal control can effectively inhibit the overall level of inefficient investment and overinvestment of port listed companies, but it is not significant for underinvestment. Internal control has become an important tool to improve the investment efficiency of listed companies in China's ports, which still needs to be continuously strengthened.

Li, X. and Liu, Y., 2019. Dynamic mechanism of innovation investment in China's marine economic system. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 38–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

On the basis of A-share data of marine listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets of China from 2014 to 2017, this paper aims to explore the dynamic mechanism of innovation investment in China's marine economic system. The study finds that the managerial power and the quality of internal control information disclosure both have a positive effect on innovation investment in the marine economic system; the latter plays a partial intermediary role, whereas the former affects innovation investment. Additionally, the innovation investment of marine companies is also found to be affected by factors such as enterprise size, growth, financial leverage, return on assets, and Tobin's Q.

Li, Y. and Zhang, S., 2019. Relationship between environmental information disclosure and cost of equity of listed companies in China's marine industry. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 42–45. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, the marine industry has become an important growth driver for China's economic development. This paper empirically studies the impact of environmental information disclosure on the enterprise's cost of equity (COE) by taking China's listed companies of marine industry in 2016–18 as the research objects. The research results show that (1) the quality of environmental information disclosure of listed companies in China's marine industry is significantly negatively correlated with the COE, indicating that improvement in the quality of environmental information disclosure may reduce the COE; (2) compared with nonstate-owned listed companies in the marine industry, the environmental information disclosure of state-owned listed companies plays a more significant role in reducing their COE. On the basis of this, this paper puts forward some suggestions for improving and enhancing the environmental information disclosure of listed companies in China's marine industry. This shall continuously improve the quality of China's marine ecological environment while developing China's marine economy.

Qian, Y.; Li, M.; Jin, Y., and Wang, R., 2019. Undisturbed soil test on the effects of the slope angle of plate for anti-overturning resistance of rigid CEP pile used for oceanographic engineering. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 46–49. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The rigid concrete CEP pile has an important foundation in oceanographic engineering because of its higher anti-overturning resistance. This paper, through the undisturbed soil test, studies the effects of the slope angle of plate on the failure state of the soil surrounding the rigid CEP pile under horizontal force and designs different expanded plate slope angle models in the case of undisturbed soil. By preparing the pile-soil model and conducting the loading test, the test analyses the effects on the bearing capacity of the rigid CEP pile and the failure state of the soil and compares them with the results obtained by the ANSYS analysis model. Conducting the test on undisturbed soil is an improvement and innovation to the current buried soil-model testing method and test equipment. It achieves vertical and horizontal loading simultaneously and ensures the reliability of test results. This paper benefits the study of the CEP pile and large-scale application of it in future oceanographic engineering.

Wang, L.; Sun, L.; Kang, J.; Cai, B.; Wang, Y., and Wu, Y., 2019. Risk identification and control of oil and gas leakage in marine environment. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 50–54. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO), an important facility for offshore oil and gas production, has great effects on the marine environment. The oil and gas (O&G) processing system on the FPSO faces high risks of leakage, which bring potential loss of property and pollution of marine environment. To solve the problem, this paper proposes measures to prevent and control the O&G leakage risks of FPSO based on the bow-tie model. First, the effects of O&G leakage on marine environment were discussed. Next, a disaster chain model was established to describe how the risks lead to O&G leakage. Furthermore, the bow-tie model was adopted to illustrate the whole process of risk accidents, from the potential causes to the possible outcomes. On this basis, safety barriers, i.e. control measures, were designed to prevent the development of accidents.

Zhang, T., 2019. Reliability analysis of pressure vessels marine engineering based on numerical simulation analysis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 55–57. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Like most pressurized equipment, pressure vessels are subject to a variety of damage and defects in offshore platforms. Under complex load and environmental conditions, the pressure vessel is prone to cracking, which further causes fatigue or even fracture on thFe pressure vessel and ultimately the catastrophic damage. This paper aims to perform the evaluation studies on reliability of pressure vessels in marine engineering. To this end, on the basis of considering the uncertainty of pressure vessel parameters such as mechanical properties, the size of the crack defect, and the working load, the reliability evaluation of the defective pressure vessel was performed, and its residual life under certain confidence and reliability was determined. The results show that the material with high fracture toughness must be selected carefully before use, and the initial crack size of the pressure vessel must be controlled strictly during use to ensure that the crack size of the pressure vessel remains always safe, thereby improving the residual life of the cracked pressure vessel. The research findings are conductive to improving the reliability analysis theory of pressure vessels in marine engineering.

Huo, H. and Wang, Z., 2019. Port supply-chain benefit distribution model and algorithm in a cloud environment. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 58–61. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

On the basis of the cloud environment, through mathematical analysis, the port supply-chain interest coordination model is established. According to the construction goals and principles of the port supply-chain benefit distribution based on the cloud environment, the technical model and member structure constructed under the cloud environment are described. The overall process of operation describes the port supply; at the same time, we focus on the pre-evaluation and evaluation of the process, and the mathematical model is established and solved by cloud genetic algorithm. Finally, the increased profit of the port supply chain under the cloud environment is rationally distributed to promote the stability of the port supply chain. At the same time, the risk assessment model of port supply chain based on support vector machine is established, and compared with back propagation neural network and radial basis neural network evaluation models. At the same time, considering the error of data acquisition, the fault-tolerant value is introduced into the collected data to form a fault-tolerant interval. The data of the port supply-chain risk assessment model are analyzed by the rough neural network method. The error-tolerant values are evaluated. The model provides a reference for the establishment and development of the port supply-chain risk assessment model.

Mao, Y. and Zheng, L., 2019. Design and implementation of port bulk storage management system based on Internet of Things technology. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 62–66. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper builds the overall architecture of the warehouse material management system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and deploys the radiofrequency identification (RFID) data acquisition system that acts as the IoT perception layer. Furthermore, RFID middleware is structured. By analyzing the current status and management content of warehouse management, the design scheme of the IoT technology warehouse management system is proposed, and the hardware circuit design of the IoT is carried out, which provides ideas for the application of the IoT technology in the warehouse management system of bulk cargo terminals.

Shi, H., 2019. Application of back propagation (BP) neural network in marine regional economic forecast. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 67–70. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine regional economy is a complex network system composed of many interconnected elements with certain causal relationships. The economic development of each region will be constrained and influenced by factors such as production, consumption, investment, and prices. Therefore, the economic system as a whole is presented as a dynamic and nonlinear complex system. Therefore, making predictions about it is a complicated and difficult task. In this work, 13 indicators from seven aspects were selected that have a relatively large overall economic effect and can reflect the economic indicators of economic development to establish a marine regional economic forecasting index system using a back propagation (BP) neural network construct. Finally, a comparative analysis between the predicted values and the actual values proves that the method can well reveal the relationship between the overall marine regional economic development and its influencing factors within an acceptable error range, thus proving that the model has a higher fit and prediction accuracy. Therefore, this kind of tool can be applied to economic forecast of a particular area and has a certain promotional value.

Wang, Y., 2019. Medium- and long-term predictions for coastal economies based on support vector regression. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 71–74. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In this article, we analyze the characteristics of coastal economic development as well as the characteristics of mid- to long-term economic forecasts, expound on the existing shortcomings of current economic forecasting methods, and point out that, because of the high degree of nonlinearity, coupling, and time varying in the coastal economic system, the existing economic forecasting method is not competent. In addition, we analyze the support vector regression algorithm, and on that basis, put forward an idea for medium- and long-term predictions about the coastal economy based on support vector regression and establish a corresponding mathematical model. Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, is used as an application object to show the validity of the model.

Wang, Y., 2019. Design of port e-business business marketing management information system based on cloud computing. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 75–79. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Today's society is an information era. In the information age, the most notable feature is the rapid transmission of information, which leads to increasingly fierce competition. If we want to get a firm foothold in the fierce competition, we must grasp the information. To survive in competition, enterprises are constantly forging ahead and innovating in the information age to keep pace with the progress of the times. Therefore, information management systems have very important roles in enterprises. This article uses the data management technology of cloud computing to study the data management of electronic commerce. We hope to improve the level of current e-commerce data management with the help of cloud computing technology. This article starts with an analysis of the current e-commerce marketing, analyzes the data problems based on the characteristics of the data, finds some aspects that can be improved, and establishes an e-commerce marketing-management system based on cloud computing. By using network information organization, we classify different types of data and put forward different solutions according to different divisions. Finally, we present an entire e-commerce data-management model.

Yang, J., 2019. Construction and optimization of port logistics service supply chain based on cloud computing. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 80–83. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This article describes a joint contract for new products or applications in the cloud computing market to coordinate the third-order cloud computing service supply chain. In this section, the article assumes that the information is completely symmetrical, and the requirements are subject to uniform distribution. The research results show that the revenue sharing contract can improve the profit of the cloud computing service supply chain and its members but can not achieve the coordination of the supply chain. The joint contract can coordinate the supply chain of the cloud computing service and arbitrarily distribute the profits among the members of the supply chain. In addition, the sensitivity analysis shows that, when the market potential demand is large, the price sensitivity is low, and when the range of demand changes is small, the supply chain contract is obviously better than the decentralized decision.

Zhang, W., 2019. Application of an improved ant colony algorithm in coastal tourism route optimization. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 84–87. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The ant colony algorithm has strong robustness, good adaptability, is easy to combine with other algorithms, and has applications in data mining and cluster analysis. Through the study of a basic ant colony algorithm and coastal travel route planning, two improvements to the ant colony algorithm have put forward, which include the adventurous algorithm and provide a new route-seeking method. The main purpose of this research was to make the ant colony algorithm meet the problem of route planning. The experimental results show that the improved ant colony algorithm achieves good results both in optimal path solution and in dynamic coastal travel route planning. The dynamic planning of the route can effectively realize the load balancing of tourist attractions and, at the same time, guide tourists to current small tourist attractions. It reflects the humanization and intelligence of coastal tourism route planning.

Fu, S., 2019. The ship driving safety control system based on visual effect analysis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 88–91. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the increase in the number of ships in China, the incidence of water traffic accidents has risen remarkably, and research on the control systems that drive the ship safety has become a necessity. Based on the principle of visual effect analysis, this article analyzes the influence of eye-movement characteristics on driving safety by means of experimental research and SPSS data statistics and proposes taking three eye-movement parameters—the fixation-point distribution ratio, the fixation-duration ratio, and pupil change—as indicators to analyze the safe driving of ship drivers. The research results show that the complexity of the ship's navigation situation will make the driver's fixation points more widely distributed, and the driver's pupil will become larger. Under conditions of a multiship encounter, the driver's fixation-duration ratio is the largest, and his or her attention is highly concentrated; during the midday period, the driver's concentration declines significantly. Based on visual analysis, this article studies the safe driving of ships, which has certain guiding significance for the driver's behavior in the process of ship operation and control, and meanwhile, the results are conducive to the establishment of a water traffic safety system.

Li, W., 2019. Risk analysis model of offshore engineering project management based on fuzzy membership function. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 92–95. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As a high-risk and high-cost project for offshore engineering (OE), the risk assessment and risk management of such project are necessary measures to reduce project economic losses. Based on a fuzzy membership function and a probability analysis method, this article analyzes the possible risks in OE projects, calculates the risk values of various factors, and establishes a risk analysis model for project management (PM) of the OE based on the fuzzy membership function. The research results show that in the offshore engineering PM (OEPM), external factors are the most risky, and the PM organization needs to increase attention on them; the organizational management structure is well organized in aspects such as clear divisions of labor, reasonable distribution of powers and responsibilities, and sound project operation; the key to risk management countermeasures is reducing the possibility of risk occurrence and preventing the occurrence of risks as much as possible by precontrol on one hand and by lowering the degree of risk loss and ensuring the risk consequences no longer deteriorate on the other. These research findings provide theoretical support for risk management and risk control in the OEPM.

Li, X.; Bao, J.; Sun, J., and Wang, J., 2019. Circular economy of resource-based industries in coastal cities and the influence on sustainable development. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 96–99. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The resource-based industry is the pillar industry for resource consumption and economic development in China, and the circular economy of the resource-based industries in coastal cities requires efficient recycling of coastal natural resources and the development of an industrial circular economy as its core content. This article uses the circular economy of resource-based industries in coastal cities as its research object and provides an in-depth discussion of the strategy and layout of circular-economy industries to achieve sustainable economic development. The research results show that developing a circular economy for resource-based industries in coastal cities is in line with the concept of resource-saving development, and it also meets the requirements of sustainable development. To extend the life cycle of resource-based cities, we must adopt a circular economy and adjust resource use and transform industrial enterprises and their policies. This article provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of resource-based industries within coastal cities.

Lin, C.; Wang, X., and Chen, Y., 2019. Impact of external audit quality on earnings management in marine enterprises. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. XX-XX. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 100–103. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid increase of marine resources and foreign trade, marine enterprises have shown a tendency to expand. Corporate management may whitewash its performance through earnings management, which is not conducive to the long-term development of marine enterprises. As third-party institutions, external audit can be used as an alternative to the internal control of marine enterprises to curb the earnings management of marine enterprises. Using marine enterprises as an example, this article aims to explore the effect of external audit quality on corporate earnings management. The results show that an external audit has an inhibitory effect on earnings management, which is mainly related to the quality of the external audit; the marine companies with high external audit quality have a stronger inhibitory effect on earnings management, and there is a more significant negative correlation between earnings management of high-quality audit teams and the fulfillment of social responsibility. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between external audit quality and earnings management.

Liu, F.; Li, Y., and Hao, R., 2019. Design and implementation of a collaborative design system for ships. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 104–109. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Ship design and construction are complex processes, requiring collaboration between multiple disciplines. Professionals from different fields need to communicate in real time and solve problems through concerted efforts. This paper begins with a brief overview of the collaborative design system (CDS) for ships, and then sets up a CDS for shipbuilding projects based on the relevant theories. Next, the overall framework, login mode, access control, data storage, and main design of the proposed CDS were detailed one by one. The analysis shows that the proposed CDS enhances the manageability and flexibility of the ship design, reduces the design cycle, and enhances the design efficiency.

Lv, J.; Zhang, B., and Liu, F., 2019. Ship trajectory control system based on fuzzy control. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 110–112. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Ship transport is one of the most important transportation modes in China. Its intelligence-based development has become a trend in the shipping field. The core of fuzzy control is the process of making decisions using computers to imitate the thinking of the human brain. This research attempted to improve the intelligence level of the ship trajectory control. To that end, the MATLAB simulation system was used to study the ship trajectory control system based on the fuzzy control theory. The research results show that, compared with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, the fuzzy control system has greater robustness and less deviation; it has a better application effect on the design of the ship trajectory control system. The research findings promote the application of fuzzy theory in ship trajectory control system and provide a theoretical basis for ship autonomous navigation.

Song, Z. and Hu, H., 0000. The framework of marine meteorological broadcasting system based on internet of things. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 113–116. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The high-performance marine meteorological broadcasting system can help navigating ships to keep up with the weather information along the way in real time, which is of great significance to ship navigation safety. Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, this paper builds a marine meteorological broadcasting system. It analyses the task management process of temperature acquisition by µC/OS-II real-time operating systems, and takes data collection and analysis, data reception, and data display as examples for system tests. The research results showed that the system is stable in operation and accurate in data measurement, and achieves data receiving, real-time display, and remote data transmission. This study promotes the theoretical and practical research of marine meteorological monitoring, which is of great significance for improving the safety of marine development.

Wang, Y. and Du, W., 2019. Diagnosis of port supply chain based on supply chain operations reference model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 117–120. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The boom in cross border trade has intensified competition among ports. To gain competitive advantage, many ports have introduced supply chain management to port operations, giving birth to the port supply chain (PSC). Thus, it is very meaningful to evaluate the overall operation of the PSC, identify PSC problems, and put forward effective countermeasures. In this paper, an index system is set up for PSC diagnosis, and a PSC diagnosis model is constructed, drawing on the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model and the existing studies. The index system contains four indices, reliability, r, agility, and cost, while the model covers several steps, like index weighing, benchmark setting, evaluation, and result analysis. The proposed model was verified through an example analysis. The research findings shed new light on PSC operation and management.

Xiao, F. and Liu, X., 2019. Pricing strategy of maritime transportation cost based on revenue management and empty container theory. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 121–124. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Maritime transport has become one of the most important modes transportation for foreign trade, but the unreasonable freight rate has led to the vicious competition among maritime transport companies. This paper aims to help the maritime transport company maximize profits. For this, revenue management and empty container theory were applied to explore the cost pricing strategy of maritime transport process, and a transportation pricing model considering empty container theory was established using MATLAB. The research results show that the main purpose of maritime transport companies is to maximize benefits and satisfaction of owners. The pricing of transportation costs for maritime transport companies involves the formation and supervision of pricing strategies. Transportation costs, subjective value of owners, arrival rate of owners, and changes of the initial container slot allocation all will affect the optimal pricing of maritime transport cost. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for studying the pricing of marine transportation costs.

Pu, J. and Meng, Y., 2019. Application of visual design in the development of marine tourist resources. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 125–128. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine economic development has gradually made the development of marine tourist resources the focus and hot spot of economic development. In the process of development, from the perspective of the characteristics of marine resources, various regions continue to explore new development models. Through the study of the importance and application of visual design in the development of marine tourist resources, the authors want to achieve a reasonable and comprehensive optimization of resources development and improve the development of marine tourist resources and marine tourism economy.

Wang, L. and Wang, Y., 2019. Design of simulation system for dynamic diffusion of marine pollutants under continuous inversion. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 129–132. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

At present, research on the migration and transformation of pollutants in the ocean is limited to the single study of a certain pollutant, and there is no systematic summary. Most of them are qualitative descriptions, lacking quantitative calculation, which is not conducive to application. This paper systematically summarizes and expounds on the migration and transformation of pollutants in the ocean. With the continuous development of industry, marine pollution is becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to control marine pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to study quantitative systems. This urgency shows the importance and purpose of this research. This paper aims to systematically summarize and expound on the migration and transformation mechanism of pollutants in the ocean and establish its own pollutant migration and transformation system, which can be used in actual cases and test the effectiveness of the system through case studies.

Jia, Z., 2019. Marine integrated database management system based on improved object-relational mapping technology. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 133–136. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In order to adapt to the development of information technology and prevent “data chimneys” and “data islands” caused by data isolation among multiple systems in the ocean, this paper proposes an improved adaptive object-relational mapping (ORM) framework and builds a feasible set based on this framework. The integrated marine database management system integrates all data related to the marine field into a comprehensive marine database to achieve unified management and unified maintenance of data and also provides strong data support for the marine information system by establishing a reasonable data retrieval mechanism.

Jia, Z., 2019. Cloud-computing load-balancing mechanism dependent on marine environmental information. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 137–140. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To improve the performance of a cloud-computing load-balancing mechanism and to reduce the constraints of a single-discriminant parameter in the unit process, a method of a cloud-computing load-balancing mechanism relying on ocean environment information is proposed. First, fast load detection is performed through ocean environment information analysis. Second, parameter load coverage is introduced, and effective load screening is realized by using ocean environment information. The method has a higher load detection rate and a lower load error detection rate.

Cui, Z. and Yang, J., 2019. Research on ocean big data service technology in distributed network environment. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 141–145. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Ocean big data has the characteristics of distributed acquisition and integrated application. Under the distributed network environment, ocean big data service technology is an important way to avoid information barriers, information islands, and repeated construction. From the perspective of marine information infrastructure construction and demand orientation, the dialectic relationship between ocean data sharing and information service is demonstrated. The technical method of constructing spatial abstract coordinate reference datum based on unified spatial-time digital earth model is proposed. Three key technologies are mentioned here, such as oceanographic monitoring and survey data standardization format network release, marine reanalysis product data active push, and marine business data customization in a distributed network environment, which can realize a distributed network characterized by multicenter, multinode. The ocean big data service model is proposed under the environment. Experiments under the special network environment of China's digital ocean information infrastructure framework have verified its feasibility combined with the construction of Smart Ocean and proposed the future development direction and research focus.

Wang, L. and Shi, Y., 2019. Determination of heavy metal ions in seawater by water-soluble quantum dot fluorescence probe. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 146–150. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In recent years, many analytical methods have been applied to the detection of toxic metal ions. However, the interference caused by a matrix will make the measurement method less precise, and some drugs are difficult to determine. We must find a highly sensitive analytical method; only in this way can we effectively monitor the content of heavy metal ions. Quantum dot (QD) technology is an interdisciplinary technology with high sensitivity. The photoluminescence properties of QDs are closely related to their surface modification. Many metal ions can significantly affect the optical properties of QDs through different mechanisms of action. QDs with wide excitation, narrow emission, and high-fluorescence quantum yield have broad application prospects in the field of fluorescence imaging in biological analysis. At present, the application of QDs to detect metal ions in complex substrates is a promising method. The difficulty of using QDs to detect heavy metals lies in how to improve their anti-interference performance in complex substrates.

Cui, Y., 2019. Quality evaluation of marine statistical data on the basis of clustering algorithms. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 151–154. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The quality of marine statistical data is the life of marine statistical work, and it is the key to reflecting the level of marine statistical work, which is related to the credibility of marine statistical departments. Therefore, in marine statistics work, we need to establish perfect marine statistical data quality evaluation criteria. Only by meeting the basic standards will we gradually establish a comprehensive and systematic marine statistical data quality monitoring system, which will guarantee the authority of the marine statistical data. This paper further improves the quality of marine statistical data in China by using a clustering algorithm.

Zhang, X., 2019. Financial risk assessment of listed enterprises in marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 155–158. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of the economy and the times, the marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry has become an inevitable trend of development. In particular, in terms of the economic management of enterprises, major enterprises have strengthened the speed of their marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry and development, which has provided the necessary prerequisites for further development of the economy of the enterprises. First, the economic management of the marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry of enterprises is analyzed. In accordance with the problem of the economic management circulation and its timeliness, the marine engineering equipment manufacturing industry is used to carry out analysis on the whole process. In addition, the preemptive earliest deadline first scheduling algorithm is combined to optimize the deadline for economic management, response time, and so on in a dynamic manner. Finally, in view of the financial risk assessment of listed enterprises, experimental comparison and analysis are carried out. On this basis, the suggestion for effectively obtaining user demand and reducing time cost is put forward to the enterprises.

Wu, D., 2019. Study on the construction of new port area under the background of National Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zone. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 159–162. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zone is a platform to undertake regional marine functions, including innovation of marine economic systems and mechanisms, marine industry agglomeration, land and sea integrated development, marine ecological civilization construction, and marine rights and interests protection. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China proposed an important deployment for the construction of marine economic development demonstration zones, which further optimize the layout of marine economic development. By exploring new ways of marine resource protection and development and new modes of integrated marine management, the new port area can improve the comprehensive competitiveness of the marine industry. In 2018, the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction and Development of Marine Economic Development Demonstration Zones were issued, which was deployed to further promote the construction and development of Marine Economic Development Demonstration zones. The Guiding Opinions clearly plan to establish 10–20 demonstration zones in 2020. This paper first analyzes the shortcomings of Zhoushan Port new area. Finally, combined with Zhoushan's own conditions, this paper further puts forward the development path and countermeasures of new port area construction.

Yu, Y., 2019. Influence of sea–air interaction in the South China Sea on the formation of tropical cyclones based on individual case diagnosis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 163–166. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Using National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data and Japanese 25-year reanalysis data to diagnose the formation process of Tropical Storm Dandelion in the western Pacific Ocean in 2010 revealed the initial interaction of the South China Sea and the sea–air interaction effect of vortex formation. The analysis shows that the initial vortex of Dandelion first appeared on the lower troposphere east of Luzon Island at 0000 on 20 August. The eastward wind of the western Pacific is one of the reasons for the initial disturbance caused by terrain forcing in Luzon. However, according to the thermal adaptation theory, the low-level negative vortices produced by the sensible heating reduction with height is not conducive to further development of the initial vortex in the upper sensible heating zone, so that the maximum heating center appears in the middle layer of the troposphere. Thus, in the troposphere, the low-level nonadiabatic heating increases with height, producing positive relative vortices such that the initial vortex is generated on the east side of the sensible heating zone and then in the lower layer in the troposphere. Therefore, during the initial vortex enhancement phase, condensation of latent heat heating and its role in the manufacture of vortices play a major role.

Chen, C.; Wu, Q., and Xin, H., 2019. Carbon balance of marine energy based on carbon emission and low carbon economy: A case study of Shandong Province. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 167–170. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

As one of the most important marine energy bases in China, Shandong Province has abundant reserves of coal and petroleum resources. According to statistics, the proportion of raw coal in marine energy consumption in Shandong Province exceeded three-fourths of the total in 2012. Shandong Province is a coastal economic and populous province in China. The gross national product and total population of Shandong Province ranked third and second in the ranking of all provinces and cities in China, respectively. The huge demand of production and living for marine energy has brought great difficulties to energy saving, emission reduction, and low-carbon economic development in Shandong Province. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the carbon balance of marine energy in Shandong Province based on carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.

Wang, H. and Zhao, Z., 2019. Study on logistics cost optimization of offshore oil service industry based on offshore oil service cost model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 171–174. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The offshore oil service industry is an industry that provides professional services for offshore oil, including engineering services, facilities construction, and ship technical services. These services include exploration, development, and production of offshore oil and gas. Therefore, the offshore oil service industry occupies a large proportion of the logistics cost, which is mainly the monetary performance of various offshore operations and resources consumed in the space movement or time occupation of offshore engineering equipment. It is also the sum of manpower, material, and financial expenditure of marine engineering equipment in the process of physical movement, such as packaging, handling, handling, transportation, storage, circulation, and processing. According to the characteristics of the logistics system in the offshore oil service industry, this paper establishes an optimization model of logistics cost for the offshore oil service industry, which satisfies the requirements of order cycle regularity and logistics cost optimization. This paper calculates the solution of the model by case study. Through the optimization of logistics cost, this paper realizes the optimal allocation of resources and sustainable development.

Zhao, J.; Zhang. K., and Duan, T., 2019. Design and implementation of marine information security early-warning system based on attack behavior pattern analysis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research in Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment, and Economy, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 175–178. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The offshore platform structure is major infrastructure for the development of offshore petroleum resources and a base for offshore production operations and life. The environment of the offshore platform structure is very complicated and bad, and under environmental influence, the resistance of the offshore platform structure may below. The failure of the offshore platform structure not only causes direct major economic losses and casualties, but also may cause serious environmental pollution and social and political impacts. This paper describes the establishment and modification of a real-time calculation model of the offshore platform structure, determines the real-time environmental load of the system based on marine environment monitoring, proposes a real-time safety assessment method of the offshore platform structure, and develops a Windows application using the Delphi development tool. The system was commissioned twice in the Bohai JZ20-2MUO platform during the winter of 1998–99 and 1999–2000 and the security status of the JZ20-2MUO platform in the winter was monitored in real time.

Song, S.; Wang, X., and Su, C., 2019. Research on the path of science and technology supporting the construction of Jiangsu modern marine economic system. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research in Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment, and Economy, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 179–182. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Research on the construction path of marine economic system is a kind of exploration of behavior based on data flow among the regional economies in the Inner Mongolia area. In this paper, the Dijstra algorithm is combined to explore the regional economic development gap and the coordinated development path in the Inner Mongolia area. Through several preconditions and a conclusion, the defeasible rule for the effective tender can be obtained. In addition, the process of deduction is explored through the dialogue tree. Verification and analysis on the algorithm are carried out through instances. The final result shows that, for the Jiangsu modern marine economy, the algorithm put forward in this paper can be used to implement exploration on the regional economic development gap and the coordinated development path in the Inner Mongolia area.

Wang, Y., 2019. Negotiation and scheduling decisions of marine intelligent supply chain based on stochastic distribution. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research in Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment, and Economy, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 183–186. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Although the marine intelligent supply chain is developing in full swing, it is faced with many endogenous and exogenous risks. [Knowing of accurate identification of these risk factors and their impacts, we can promote the smooth development of the marine intelligent supply chain, which has become an urgent problem to be solved at present.] This paper uses the relevant data of the marine intelligent supply-chain enterprises to analyze the risk factors of the marine intelligent supply chain using stochastic distribution. At present, the key risks affecting marine intelligent supply chain include marine intelligent supply-chain risk, cross-border electronic payment risk, electronic customs clearance risk, logistics risk, and credit risk; laws and regulations can indirectly affect marine intelligent supply chain by influencing network transactions and customs clearance.

Gao, X.; Wang, H., and Li, X., 2019. Application of open-source big-data framework in marine information processing. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 187–190. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Open-source big-data systems can use a variety of processing technologies. For workloads that only require batch processing, Hadoop, which is less time sensitive and less expensive than other solutions, would be a good choice. For workloads that only require stream processing, Storm can support a wider range of languages and achieve very low latency processing, but the default configuration can produce duplicate results and cannot guarantee order. Samza's tight integration with YARN and Kafka provides greater flexibility, easier-to-use multiteam usage, and simpler replication and state management. The most suitable solution depends mainly on the state of the data to be processed, the time required for processing, and the desired result. Specifically, using a full-featured solution or a solution that focuses primarily on a project requires a careful trade-off. As it matures and is widely accepted, similar issues need to be considered when evaluating any emerging and innovative solutions.

Zhang, C.; Chen, X., and Lu, J., 2019. Empirical analysis of spatial–temporal differentiation and influencing factors of China's marine economic elasticity. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 191–194. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Our government has been exploring the flexible system of China's marine economy, which is compatible with China's national conditions and should be coordinated by the cities in the marine economic concentration areas in the support of all people. However, with the rapid development of China's marine economic elasticity (CMEE) undertaking, important issues, such as the fair distribution of cities in marine economic concentrated areas and the origin of such inequality, have been neglected. This paper uses CMEE to make an empirical study of the current situation of spatial–temporal differentiation and macroeconomic development in China and then makes a correlation analysis between the projection of the production frontier, the temporal–spatial differentiation, and the dynamic changes of macroeconomic statistical data structure. The study finds that, from the results of spatial–temporal differentiation and the structural changes of macroeconomic statistical data, we can see that technological changes show and are complete. The change of factor productivity shows obvious homotropy, which indicates that the low level of science and technology and the factor of economic scale have become the main factors restricting the spatial and temporal differentiation and the development of macroeconomic zones. On the basis of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward measures to promote spatial and temporal differentiation and macroeconomic development.

Gui, P. and Na, S., 2019. Empirical study on the application of activity-based cost model in marine third-party logistics cost management. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 195–198. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the rapid development of modern social economy and the transformation of enterprise production and management concepts, more and more enterprises have outsourced their noncore business to third-party marine logistics companies with professional service functions to meet their needs. Third-party marine logistics is a form of marine logistics that adapts to such an environment and needs and is the result of the professionalization and industrialization of marine logistics. From the research summaries of the literature, it can be seen that China's warehousing industry has improved its operational efficiency and management level under the impetus of the state's implementation of macroeconomic regulation and control, highlighting the good momentum of its development. However, from the symposium on the “hot issues” of the modern warehousing industry held by the China Storage Association in July 2006, there are still many problems to be solvedy: the average size of the warehousing industry is small; the warehousing industry has the lowest economic efficiency; the industry has the highest asset–liability ratio.

Zhang, J. and Lu, X., 2019 Research on the regional characteristics of coastal architectural style and demonstration of marine architectural design. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 199–202. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Because of its unique structural characteristics, marine buildings have different seismic performances from modern buildings. On the basis of the mechanical performance and damage pattern of the horizontal earthquake in Sichuan, the study of regional characteristics and the design of ocean architecture are given. The style of the column frame is regarded as “swing column” and the style of the crown layer as “shear-bend bar.” According to the style of coastal buildings and the overall distribution of ancient buildings, the different styles of coastal buildings are deduced from the component test and the theory of geomorphology. The calculation method and application scope of each parameter under force state are compared with the results of building test with regional characteristics. The results show that the proposed study of regional characteristics and marine architecture design can better reflect the coastal architecture style under earthquakes.

Jin, R.; Guo, J., and Li, F., 2019. The development level comprehensive evaluation and the regional differentiation characteristics analysis of shipbuilding industry agglomeration in Chinese coastal areas. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 203–206. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Industrial cluster is the phenomenon of the agglomeration of closely linked economic entities in a certain region. The phenomenon of industrial cluster is more and more obvious in the international shipbuilding industry. Cluster analysis has become an important strategic tool for the development of shipbuilding industry in various regions. Industrial clusters have many advantages, such as reducing production costs, strengthening collaborative innovation, creating market brands, and improving market competitiveness, which has been proved to be an efficient form of production organization by many practices at home and abroad. Influenced by the international financial crisis, the international shipping market is in a downturn. Taking Jiangsu shipbuilding industry cluster as an example, this paper constructs a complex network map of shipbuilding industry cluster. Then, this paper quantitatively evaluates the agglomeration degree of shipbuilding industry clusters in coastal areas by using the location entropy coefficient. Finally, this paper examines the characteristics of regional differentiation of ship industrial structure in coastal provinces.

Chen, P., 2019. Research on the status quo and countermeasures of China's maritime logistics development in the new period. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 207–210. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the continuous deepening of China's modernization construction, the logistics industry has developed rapidly, and marine transportation has occupied the most important position in international trade transportation. Marine transportation has the advantages of large volume, low cost, and wide route, with the limiting factors of speed and risk. This paper makes a detailed analysis on the overall development status of China's shipping from the perspectives of the layout, scale, and total logistics of the sea and proposes some suggestions in line with the development of China's shipping logistics. The paper begins with the total volume of maritime logistics, regional layout, enterprise scale, and ship transportation capacity; analyzes the development status of China's maritime logistics; and finally proposes countermeasures such as integrating resources, increasing investment, and supporting enterprises in view of the problems existing in maritime logistics.

Li, C.; Li, S., and Wang, D., 2019. Research on the accounting method of marine GDP based on tertiary industries. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 211–214. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The accounting of gross marine product provides technical support for a comprehensive understanding of marine industrial structure, overall scale, and regional layout, accurately measuring the contribution of marine economy to national economy, serving marine economic management, and achieving sustainable development of marine economy. The accuracy of accounting results is directly related to the validity of policies and development plans, and the research of its accounting methods is of great significance. In this paper, Hainan's gross marine product is classified according to the three-industry classification method, and the value index and physical index of each industry are described in detail. Then, the accounting mechanism of gross marine product is discussed, and a framework research method is established.

Zhan, L.; Yang, J., and Liu, Y., 2019. Research on the dynamic mechanism of China's marine economic growth based on the Interprovincial Panel Data model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 215–218. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Interprovincial Panel Data model is used to study and analyze the inherent interaction between the dynamic mechanism of marine economic growth in recent years in China to obtain the conclusion that increasing the dynamic mechanism in the intelligent marine economy can promote the economic growth. The Interprovincial Panel Data model is also used to perform quantitative analysis on the interaction relationship between the dynamic mechanism in the remote marine economy construction and the economic growth. The results show that a long-term stable equilibrium relationship exists between the infrastructure construction of marine economy and the economic growth. In addition, the current stock of the intelligent marine economy in China has played a role, and it is proposed that attention should be paid to improving the utilization efficiency of the existing intelligent marine economy resources while continuing to increase the dynamic mechanism in the intelligent marine economy at the same time.

Zhu, W., 2019. Study on the adjustment path of marine economic industrial structure in China's coastal provinces under the Belt and Road initiative. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 219–222. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The implementation of the Belt and Road initiative is an important strategic support for building a new regional opening pattern. It has important strategic significance for cultivating new industries along the line and developing new space for the development of the marine economy. All relevant coastal cities should actively use the development strategy of this country in the new era and actively promote the upgrading and transformation of the marine economic structure. This paper introduces the opportunities brought by the Belt and Road initiative to the marine industry of China's coastal provinces and analyzes the main problems existing in the development of marine economic industry in China's coastal provinces. Then, the North Bay is taken as an example to propose the marine industry selection and system construction. Finally, it expounds the path of the adjustment of the marine economic industrial structure of China's coastal provinces under the Belt and Road initiative. It is expected to promote the cooperation and exchange of higher level marine economy among the countries and regions along the coastal cities of China and the Maritime Silk Road and promote the development of marine economy in China's coastal cities.

Xie, J., 2019. Research on application of virtual reality technology in virtual marine environment. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 223–226. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Virtual reality technology is a technology that generates a high-fidelity simulation environment by computer and enables users to immerse in the environment through a variety of sensor interfaces, thus realizing direct interaction between users and the virtual environment. Virtual environment is the application representation space of virtual reality technology, which is a visual platform integrating various technologies. For specific applications, building a three-dimensional, high-fidelity, and interactive virtual environment system is an important topic in the application of virtual reality technology. In this paper, simple illumination model and global illumination model are discussed, and the algorithm for parametric surface is discussed. In addition, the application of OpenGL in illumination model and texture mapping is also introduced. Taking the construction of virtual marine environment as an example, this paper develops a virtual marine environment system based on it. This paper introduces the simulation and simulation of ocean waves based on OpenGL wave spectrum by the method of equal energy.

Zhang, Y., 2019. Dynamic research on total factor productivity of China's ocean economy. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 227–230. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Since the 21st century, with the support of national policies, the strong internal attractiveness of the marine economy has greatly promoted the development of China's marine economy, making the marine economy play a very important role in the development of the national economy. In the process of continuous development of the marine economy, we must pay attention to not only the development of quantity but also the improvement of quality. The so-called quality refers to the total factor productivity of the marine economy, so the study of the total factor productivity of the marine economy has a very significant effect on improving the growth of the marine economy. Therefore, this paper uses the Malmquist-Luenberger index model to dynamically decompose the total factor productivity of China's marine economy, analyzes the trends and influencing factors of the total factor productivity of the marine economy, and proposes ways to improve the total factor productivity of the marine economy. This paper will discuss the marine economy to provide theoretical support for the formulation of marine economic growth policies and provide reference for the sustainable development of marine economy.

Dong, Z., 2019. A study on the transformation and upgrading of Zhejiang marine economic industrial structure based on the analysis and evaluation of scientific and technological innovation. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 231–234. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper takes the transformation and upgrading of marine economic industrial structure in Zhejiang Province as the research object. First, the paper evaluates the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of marine economy in Zhejiang Province by using the data envelopment analysis method. The empirical results show that the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of marine economy in Zhejiang Province has great room for improvement, both from the dynamic analysis and from the static analysis. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used to select the marine industries that should be given priority to in Zhejiang. The industries with high technology content, good economic benefits, and strong comparative advantages are taken as the key directions of choosing the marine superior industries. Through the adjustment of the industrial structure and the path of coordinated development of industry, university and research will be performed, and the overall improvement of innovation efficiency of marine science and technology and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure in Zhejiang Province will be realized.

Wang, T. and Wang, X., 2019. Research on ocean multitarget tracking control system based on the echo state network. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 235–238. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the echo state network (ESN) has shown some advantages in nonlinear time series processing and dynamic prediction system, which has attracted extensive attention of domestic and foreign researchers. As an improved recurrent neural network, the ESN uses a large-scale sparse connection structure as the hidden layer. By adjusting the weights of output connections only, the whole training stage is made simply and efficiently, which overcomes the shortcomings of the classical recurrent neural network learning rules, such as being difficult to implement and having a long running time. The ESN has gradually become an important method for the prediction of nonlinear time series. Aiming at the slow tracking speed of traditional ocean multitarget tracking control system, this paper designs an ocean multitarget tracking control system based on the echo state network. Through the target detection algorithm, we select the ocean multiobjective control area and calculate the target center position. In this way, the result of the target state estimation is obtained. By confirming the target trajectory, the multiobjective ocean control based on the ESN is achieved. The simulation results show that the speed of the system is 22.78% higher than the traditional speed when it is designed for target control, which meets the requirements of ideal ocean multiobjective control.

Pan, P., 2019. Research and design of marine underwater LED illumination system based on sliding mode variable structure. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 239–242. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper introduces the working characteristics of an underwater LED illumination system and analyzes the driving power supply of the LED illumination system and the application of its control mode. In addition, the sliding mode variable structure control (SMVSC) method of constant-current power supply for an underwater LED illumination system is studied and designed in this paper. By choosing appropriate sliding mode surface function and control parameters, the constant-current control of the LED load is realized. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the SMVSC method design for the LED illumination system, the SMVSC method is modeled and simulated using MATLAB software and compared with the conventional PI control method, which proves the validity of the design.

Liu, Y.; Cao, Q., and Zhang, Q., 2019. Distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of oil and gas in the Bohai Sea area. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 243–246. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the Bohai Sea, structural oil and gas reservoirs account for the highest proportion of proven oil and gas reserves, followed by composite oil and gas reservoirs. In large and medium-sized oil and gas fields, which account for one-third of the total oil and gas fields, the proven oil and gas reserves account for 83% of the total reserves. Low uplift, middle sag uplift, and uplift structural belts have the most proven oil and gas reserves. Vertically, more than half of the proven oil and gas reserves are concentrated in the Neogene strata. More than 90% of the proven oil reserves and 85% of the proven gas reserves are distributed in shallow-middle reservoirs less than 3,000 M. The distribution of oil and gas in the Bohai Sea is the result of the interaction of a series of geological processes, such as source rocks, sedimentary systems, tectonic and fault systems development, and evolution. Oil and gas migrate and accumulate in short distance around hydrocarbon-rich sags; favorable sedimentary facies belts, high-quality lithofacies, and good physical properties determine the development of high-quality reservoirs in the Bohai Sea.

Wang, G., 2019. Route choice of rural economic development in offshore areas from the perspective of modern agriculture. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 247–250. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Agriculture is the basic industry of China. Agriculture and the rural economy occupy important positions in the development of a national economy, which not only controls the lifeline of national economic development but also affects the development of the whole national economy. As a typical developing country, agriculture, the countryside and farmers are still the focus of people's attention. In this era of rapid development of information technology, China's traditional offshore regional agriculture is also moving toward modernization using modern science, technology, and industry to improve agricultural production. Although agricultural modernization has been paid increasing attention in recent years, and policies of supporting and benefiting agriculture have been gradually implemented, there are still many shortcomings in the development of agricultural modernization that hinder the development of the rural economy in offshore areas.

Chen, M.; Su, J.; Cui, P., and Liu, Y., 2019. Research on an optimization model of marine industry strategy adjustment under complex ocean conditions based on the ant colony algorithm. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 251–254. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The marine industry is facing numerous endogenous and exogenous risks. It has become a problem that should be solved urgently to accurately identify risk factors and influences so as to promote the smooth development of the marine industry. In this paper, data related to an optimized model for strategic adjustment for 167 marine industries in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Qingdao, and other cities are adopted. An ant colony algorithm is used to analyze the risk factors of the marine industry. Studies show that the key risks that influence the marine industry include marine industry strategy risk, cross-border marine industry strategy risk, electronic customs clearance risk, logistics risk, and credit risk. Laws and regulations can indirectly affect power marketing by influencing online transactions, customs clearance, and other means.

Cen, F.; Yang, D.F., and Li, M., 2019. Application of the building information model in the design of marine architectural structures. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 255–258. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Aiming at the problem of low visual accuracy in the design of offshore building structures, this paper puts forward the application of the building information model (BIM) in the design of offshore building structures. In the process of using BIM technology, the design of unmarked marine building structures can be effectively marked by BIM technology. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, a hybrid feature is used to represent the structural design of offshore buildings so that the stereo disparity generation process can be completed quickly. The experimental results show that the proposed BIM can effectively generate stereo parallax in virtual scenes.

Yao, B.; Wang, L., and Liu, S., 2019. Research on ocean government data extraction and clustering based on XML document similarity technology. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 259–262. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In component clustering, a recursive algorithm for computing the similarity between components based on extensible markup language (XML) description is proposed, which can effectively measure the structure and semantic information contained in the XML description document. The document similarity matrix is constructed. The high-dimensional samples are mapped to the two-dimensional plane by a genetic algorithm, and the k-means algorithm is used to cluster to obtain the global optimal component clustering. Finally, experiments are carried out on the component library test model. The experimental results show that the component clustering algorithm based on XML similarity is feasible and effective in component query practice.

Shan, S., 2019. Status quo and analysis of risk management based on the PPP project of coastal construction enterprises. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 263–266. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved rapid growth, which has attracted worldwide attention and has developed a comprehensive well-off society. To maintain this speed of development, the government must strengthen the construction of coastal construction urban infrastructure, such as electricity, roads, and water supply, to adapt to the needs of social development and eliminate the bottleneck that constrains economic development, which requires a large investment of funds. However, China's domestic funds are insufficient. The traditional methods of attracting investment and existing financial institutions and financing channels cannot fully meet the capital needs of China's economic development and require more financing channels. At the same time, like most developing countries, China has the problems of inefficient departments and poor infrastructure management. As an emerging project financing method, public–private partnership was born in the 1980s. Because it can effectively alleviate the shortage of infrastructure construction funds for coastal construction enterprises, it can also promote the efficiency of state-owned departments.

Liu, Z.; Li, H., and Cao, Q., 2019. The construction of a marine tourism image based on grounded theory and the construction of sports thinking. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 267–270. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

According to grounded theory, the content of 40 foreign articles (School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China) was encoded by the rooted theory coding method. The data were separated by concept and category, and 363 related data were encoded. The five main categories used were development and planning, basic cognition, visitor perception, environment, and economic conditions. Through further processing and analysis of the data, 20 keywords were extracted to describe ocean tourism, and an image of ocean tourism was constructed.

Li, Y., 2019. Evaluation of highway construction efficiency—a case study in coastal provinces, China.In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 271–276. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper quantitatively studies the performance evaluation of coastal highway construction projects within the project cycle. By constructing the performance evaluation of the coastal highway construction research analysis framework and then combining it with the characteristics of the principal component analysis and data envelopment analysis (DEA), general evaluation of coastal highway construction is put forward, along with analysis of efficiency evaluation models and finally principal component analysis of coastal highway construction and evaluation of the overall perspective of DEA evaluation of the efficiency of coastal highway construction.

Liu, C., 2019. Attribution of marine crop production in the United States of America based on artificial neural network learning. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 277–283. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Marine crops play an important role in the food chain and in agriculture. Marine crop products are used as livestock feed and to meet people's food requirements. This paper examines what factors cause differences in marine crop production and attribution to marine crop yield. The paper builds a marine crop production model based on an artificial neural network. Then it analyzes the sensitivity of all factors to understand their contributions to marine crop production.

Niu, X., 2019. Impact of coastal railway transportation decisions on public welfare. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 284–289. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

China's coastal railway public welfare compensation mechanism should establish and improve the freight rate formation mechanism. Under the current relative price level, it is not feasible to completely correct the price distortion through compensation, and the freight rate formation mechanism is not in line with the industry characteristics of coastal railway as a quasi-public product. Government purchase services should be based on prices that are consistent with market rules. If there is no price reflecting the relationship between supply and demand in the market, the government has no reference standard for compensation for coastal railway transportation companies. This article will study the formation mechanism of material transportation price when the government and coastal railway transportation enterprises are equal. Research finds that centralized decision-making can increase the total revenue of the government and coastal railway transportation companies, and the order quantity of centralized decision-making is larger than that of the scattered orders; the transportation company still provides transportation services to the government according to the original wholesale price. When an order is placed according to the optimal order quantity for centralized decision-making, the government's revenue will decrease, and the coastal railway transportation company's income will increase. At this time, the government will not participate. This article focuses on decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new allocation mechanism to induce the government to choose the optimal order quantity for centralized decision-making.

Xiao, P. and Zhou, A., 2019. Maintenance decision-making model for coastal highway project. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 290–293. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Investment in coastal highway projects not only promotes the development of China's transportation industry, but also enhances China's economy and society. This paper presents a coastal highway-maintenance evaluation system (CHMES) during project life-cycles in coastal highway construction, and a decision-making model for coastal highway maintenance. The CHMES contains three parts, (1) the acceptance list of coastal highway safeguards, (2) the selection and evaluation of coastal highway security schemes, and (3) the analyses and evaluation of safeguard projects, which are based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Also, two grades of decision-making models of maintenance management were established, the project-grade and the network-level, through the estimation and benefit analysis of different management schemes. The results of case analysis show that the decision-making model can improve coastal highway maintenance effectively.

Zhu, H. and Yu, M., 2019. Logistics resource optimized allocation based on an object-identifier-unified degree. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 294–299. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The unification of object identifiers improves information sharing among cooperative enterprises, which is helpful in allocating logistical resources. Therefore, logistics-resource optimized allocation, based on an object-identifier-unified degree (OIUD), is proposed and analyzed toward improving logistics-resource allocation schemes. An optimization model was developed that selects total logistics cost, total service time, and logistics-resource use as its objective functions, and the OIUD was chosen as the influence parameter for the model. A genetic algorithm based on technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to solve the model. Moreover, ocean transportation data from WDQ, Inc., is used to verify the effectiveness of the model and the role of OIUD. Numerical analysis results indicate that the model established can provide a superior logistics-resource allocation scheme for WDQ. The optimization schemes under different OIUDs are compared. The results reveal that the higher the OIUD level, the better the logistics-resource allocation becomes.

Zhang, Y.H.; Fan, J.H.; Chen, S.L.; Li, T.Y., and Yu, Z.X., 2019. A quantitative evaluation on ecological city construction level of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 300–305. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the eco-city concept and the index system proposed at home and abroad, we inherit the basic ideas and principles of the relevant theoretical concepts of ecological cities at home and abroad. Starting from the ecological city development model, we suggest that ecological cities are based on the concept of an ecological civilization to establish a coordinated and sustainable human habitat for economic, social, and natural development. We explore further and establish an index system based on three subsystems: living and working in peace, resources and environment, and development potential. Through factor analysis, this approach was applicable to cities at a city level in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The 28 eco-city developments were ranked for evaluation. According to the scores and development status of the factor analysis model of each ecological city, the development levels of the ecological city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were divided into three stages: developed ecological city, developing ecological city, and backward ecological city. The prefecture-level ecological cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River included 10 developed ecological cities: Wuhan, Nanchang, Changsha, Yingtan, Jingdezhen, Xinyu, Ezhou, Xiangtan, Huangshi, Pingxiang; six developing ecological cities: Yichun, Zhuzhou, Jingmen, Jiujiang, Loudi, Changde; and 12 backward ecological cities: Fuyang, Fuzhou, Jingzhou, Huanggang, Yiyang, Yueyang, Xiaogan, Ji'an, Shangrao, Hengyang, Changde, and Xianning. The proportion of developed and developing ecological cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has reached 57.14%. Among them, the level of ecological cities in Jiangxi Province is higher than those in Hubei and Hunan provinces.

Zhao, M.; Wu, W., and Zhang, M., 2019. The spatial and temporal evolution of Chinese coastal rural logistics: Fractal development and empirical simulation. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 306–310. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Coastal rural economy and logistics are new growth points in the marine economy. The coordinated development of coastal rural logistics industry and the environment is beneficial to strengthen the role of the eastern developed regions in promoting function to the central and western regions. Based on a perspective of self-organization perspective, this research used machine-learning methods with historical data input into a self-organizing map (SOM) model combined with the maximum flow theory to explore coastal rural logistics development trends and mechanisms. The implementation of urbanization policy has become an important driving force for urban spatial expansion. The economic development of coastal rural areas has led to the expansion of coastal rural logistics space but lags behind the expansion of coastal rural buildup. The winning coastal rural subspace is the core factor in reconstruction of coastal rural logistical space and the growth in the coastal rural logistical scale.

Bai, R., 2019. Analysis and comparison of input and output benefits of marine science and technology in coastal provinces of China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 311–313. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Using the data envelopment analysis method, the input and output efficiency of marine science and technology were compared in five coastal provinces of China. Based on the analysis of the relationships among the number of marine scientific research institutions, the total income of marine scientific research institutions, the number of employees of marine scientific research institutions, the number of topics studied by marine scientific research institutions, the number of invention patents, and the publication of scientific and technological papers, the benefits of scientific and technological input and output are compared and analyzed.

Xie, B.; Zhang, R., and Sun, S., 2019. Impacts of marine industrial structure changes on marine economic growth in China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 314–319. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The change in the marine industrial structure in China from 2005 to 2017 was measured with two indicators, including industrial structure rationalization and industrial structure advancement. The two indicators were introduced into the production function of the marine economy to empirically research the impact of marine industrial structure changes in China on marine economic growth through the fixed-effect model. The research results show that marine economic growth depends not only on the labor and technology input, but also on the contributions of the industrial structure changes. In view of the latter, the industrial structure rationalization can positively affect the marine economy, while the industrial structure advancement can negatively affect the marine economy. Thus, China should observe the principle of rational allocation of resources and scientifically guide production factors into the emerging areas of marine secondary industries, such as marine biomedicine, and seawater desalination. In addition, China should also actively guide labor into the marine economy, and enhance the innovation ability of marine science and technology, so as to promote marine economy growth.

Gao, S., Chen, J., and Zhou, Y., 2019. Relationship between team knowledge heterogeneity and corporate innovation performance: An empirical study in coastal areas of East China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 320–324. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This paper studies the internal relationship among team knowledge heterogeneity, organizational learning, and corporate innovation performance in coastal areas of east China. The results show that different heterogeneity characteristics of team members have different effects on corporate innovation performance. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between knowledge and skills heterogeneity and corporate innovation performance. Organization learning has a positive impact on corporate innovation performance. Exploitive learning plays a part of mediating role in the relationship between team heterogeneity and corporate innovation performance.

Lu, Q.; Yang, X., and Wang, R., 2019. Multi-depot vehicle scheduling optimization for port container drop and pull transport.In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 325–329. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the current port container distribution transportation system, drop and pull transport can effectively solve problems of insufficient loading and unloading capacity at loading and unloading points as well as low transportation efficiency. However, to fully use the advantages of drop and pull transport, its core problem (vehicle scheduling) must be solved. To achieve this, this paper established and analyzed a mathematical model through specific examples. These are based on the characteristics of port drop and pull transport and the multi-depot vehicle scheduling problem with full load. The results of the example show that via reasonable vehicle scheduling, the advantages of energy savings and emission reduction can be achieved.

Lu, Q.; Wang, Z., and Wang, R., 2019. Nash equilibrium strategy of port construction considering seawater erosion. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 330–334. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The main construction approaches to ports are based on government investment and contractor construction. This method faces a particular drawback for the implementation of construction: the contractor fails to carry out the work in strict accordance with the plan. By considering the problems of government supervision and contractors' strict adherence to construction plans, as well as to seawater erosion after port construction, this paper uses Nash equilibrium to solve the optimal mixed strategy for both parties. The main influencing factors of the strategy are analyzed. Then this paper finds that the high probability of erosion can stimulate the government and contractor to do their best, and the sum of gains and losses also influence the best strategy. Based on analysis results, the corresponding suggestions are put forward.

Hong, H., and Fu, L., 2019. Evaluation of urbanization efficiency for coastal port cities in China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 335–338. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Urbanization efficiency is one of the key dimensions of urbanization quality. Based on economic urbanization, social urbanization, and environmental urbanization, the data envelopment analysis DEA-BCC model featuring multiple inputs and outputs is applied to evaluate the urbanization efficiency of 30 major coastal port cities in China (2014–2017). The study finds that the urbanization rate of the subjects is generally low and not necessarily related to the local economic development.

Ji, H.; Sui, Y., and Wang, H., 2019. Sustainable development for shipping companies: A supply chain integration perspective. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 339–343. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the increase of international competition and environmental protection requirements, sustainable development has become a key condition for the international competitiveness of shipping companies. This study used innovative behavior as a mediator to construct a supply chain integration mechanism for shipping companies and to promote the sustainable development of enterprises. Path analysis and hypothesis testing were performed based on structural equations. A survey of 287 samples of shipping companies was conducted through field surveys and internet questionnaires. This research shows that external integration and internal integration of the supply chain have a positive impact on the sustainable development of shipping companies through enterprise innovation. Finally, the article expounds on the management significance of this mechanism for the sustainable development of shipping companies.

Zhang, Q. and Zeng, Q., 2019. Analyzing the shipping network of the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) based on complex networks. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 344–349. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

The Maritime Silk Road (MSR), wherein ships call at the ports of China and sail throughout Asia, is analyzed in this paper. Based on complex networks, the statistical characteristics of the MSR are investigated, and numerical analysis shows its small-world effects and scale-free properties. Additionally, the MSR highly depends on its hubs, which is likely to lead to network vulnerability; thus, the network structure needs to be improved.

Zhang, M. ; Wu, Z., and Liu, C., 2019. Maritime routing problem with soft time windows in the One Belt, One Road Initiative.In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 350–355. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

To establish the bilateral and multilateral mechanisms between China and relevant countries, the One Belt, One Road Initiative calls for more enterprises to enter into the economic partnership with other initiative-involved countries under the existing and effective regional cooperation platforms. Based on these requirements, the Maritime Silk Road also brings forth new challenges to transnational maritime transportation enterprises in these countries. Specifically, the differences in time zones and working hours between countries increase the difficulty of maritime transportation. If ships arrive earlier or later than their time windows, penalty fees will be charged. Therefore, companies are required to arrange transportation routes to save the costs as much as possible, provided that the customer's demands are met. This study investigates the maritime transportation routing problem with soft time windows and proposes an improved ant colony algorithm. A real example highlights the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results can assist enterprises in making decisions.

Wang, N.; Guo, X., and Wang, B., 2019. Social risk decision-making behavior in port public-private partnership projects. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 356–362. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

A model of social risk decision-making behavior by social capital entities for port public-private partnership (PPP) projects was developed in this study. The decision-making behavior was divided into positive and negative behavior patterns, and then four forms of social risk decision-making by social capital entities were obtained through calculation and analysis. The inevitable negative behavior when social capital completely bore the social risk loss was analyzed and summarized. Based on this, a corresponding compensation mechanism is proposed, and social benefits of port PPP projects are further improved. The research also further analyzed the different impacts of discount rate and the length of contract period of port PPP projects on social risk decision-making behavior, which shows that social capital's attention to long-term and short-term interests is the key factor for positive and negative decision-making behavior, respectively, while “reasonable risk sharing” and “partnership” are effective means that promote positive behavior selection.

Wang, Y.; Cheng, B., and Qin, G., 2019. Analysis on industrial linkages and driving effects of Chinese fishery industry based on input-output model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 363–366. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the national input-output (IO) tables from 2002, 2007, and 2012, this paper summarized the development of China's fishery industry and studied the industrial linkage and driving effects between the fishery industry and other sectors of the national economy. The results show that the output scale, gross domestic product, wages, and social welfare of China's fishery industry have all increased significantly, but the tax revenue and profits have decreased rapidly. The direct driving capacity, induced driving capacity, and total driving capacity of China's fishery industry all show a continuous downward trend, dropping from 1.1107, 4.8108, and 6.9478 to 1.0609, 3.4635, and 5.5293, respectively. The indirect driving capacity rises first and then declines, rising from 1.0263 to 1.1155 and then falling to 1.0049. The driving effect of China's fishery industry on other sectors is limited and shows a weakening trend.

Qin, G.; Zhang, S.; Liu, X., and Cheng, B., 2019. Analysis on factors driving growth in China's fishery industry, based on a noncompetitive input-output model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 367–370. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Based on the input-output (IO) table data from 2002 to 2012, a noncompetitive IO model was used to calculate the factors driving growth and change in the final demand of China's fishery industry. The results show that the intermediate input, initial input, consumption, capital formation, export, and other final demands of the fishery industry all showed significant growth, and the added value increased first and then decreased. The role of consumption is the most outstanding, capital formation is second, and export is lowest, with a contribution rate of 66.22%, 20.51%, and 11.31%, respectively. Compared with final demand, the contribution rates of intermediate input and increased rate of gross domestic product growth by fisheries are relatively small, with the contribution of the value-added rate of only 8.63%, and intermediate input structure's contribution to growth of 6.67%. From 2002 to 2007, consumption contributed the most at 48.88%, followed by export, with its contribution rate being up to 21.91%. From 2007 to 2012, consumption contributed the most at 76.68%, capital formation contributed 22.20%, and export contributed 7.21%.

Hu, H.; Li, J.; Jin, Y., and Wu, Y., 2019. Factors influencing information industry development in a coastal economy. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 371–375. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the progress of information technology, the proportion of information industry income in China's total high-tech industry income is growing. However, there are obvious regional inequalities in the development of China's information industry. In view of this phenomenon, this paper used the public data released by industry and the National Bureau of Statistics of China to study the factors influencing the information industry, as represented by the development of the telecommunication industry in coastal areas, where the information industry is more developed. Through the construction of a multiple regression model, the main factors affecting the development of the telecommunications industry in coastal areas were found, and other secondary factors were qualitatively studied.

Wang, L.; Zhang, G., and Hao, Q., 2019. Risk evaluation of cold chain marine logistics based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidence theory and radial basis function (RBF) neural network. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 376–380. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Cold chain marine logistics on fresh agriculture products takes a long time and has a degree of high risk because it is necessary to evaluate the logistics risk with scientific methods in a complex marine environment. This article analyzes the risk factors of cold chain marine logistics. The risk evaluation index system of cold chain marine logistics is established and a new method for logistics risk evaluation based on the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is introduced. The evaluation data of experts is fused effectively by the D-S evidence theory. The risk level of logistics projects is identified by the RBF neural network. Then, 24 cold chain marine logistics projects were selected as samples to verify the effectiveness of this method and to prove that RBF is more superior to the back-propagation (BP) neural network for logistical risk evaluation. This method can overcome the shortcomings of expert evaluation data dispersion and the dependence on experts.

Li, X.; Tian, Y.; Xu, C., and Cheng, B., 2019. The impact of marine pollution control on the output value of marine fisheries based on the spatial econometric model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 381–384. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study proposes that the input of marine environmental pollution control affects the output value of the marine fishery. Based on panel data from Marine Fisheries for China's coastal areas, model setting and data testing were performed. Through the spatial econometric model, the model results were estimated and analyzed and showed that the marine fishery economy in China is greatly affected by the total investment in environmental pollution control. Proper total investment in environmental pollution control will promote an increase in marine fishery output value, but with the change in the regional environment, excessive control of environmental pollution will also have a negative effect on the marine fishery output value. In addition, the number of people employed in the fishery labor force, the local per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and marine fishing productivity will have a significant positive effect on the fishery output in China.

He, Q.; Qiu, Y., and Dong, X., 2019. Job selection behavior of flexible employment personnel of sharing economic platform: An empirical study of the Pearl River delta regions. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 385–391. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Flexible employment personnel in sharing economic platform have become a huge and rapidly growing labor group in new employment form. This paper discusses the impact of different platform-based flexible employment groups on job selection behaviors. Focus is made on analysis of the mediating role of workers' subjectivity and regulatory effects of platform policies on different worker types and workers' subjectivity. The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: first, contribution to typology. Platform-based flexible employment personnel are divided based on human capital and social capital into: conceptual, improvement, transaction, and professional types. The scientificity of such classifications is verified using clustering analysis, which is an extension of previous worker group classification and is more applicable to plural worker types in the current sharing economy. Workers' subjectivity is classified based on subjective perception of income and job satisfaction into rational, depressed, pessimistic, and optimistic types, which lays a theoretical and empirical basis for further deconstructing subjective structural dimension of platform-based flexible employment personnel. Second, the data of Pearl River Delta platform-based flexible employment personnel is employed to verify that workers' subjectivity is a partial mediating variable in job selection behavior of different platform-based flexible employment personnel. Platform policy plays a regulatory role in the interaction between different types of workers and their subjectivity. Studies found that, unlike traditional employment choices, subjectivity is crucial to job behavior choice of platform-based flexible employment personnel. Therefore, the government should design more diversified and flexible policies when formulating incentive policies to improve workers' satisfaction and stimulate their subjectivity.

Ma, Z.; Pei, X.; Yi, Y.; Liu, Y., and Zhang, X., 2019. The impact of the Ukraine crisis on the planning of Russian-European natural gas pipeline projects. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 392–401. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

With the adjustment and transformation of the world's political and economic conditions since the global financial crisis, the geopolitics of energy has become a nonnegligible factor constantly promoting the reshaping of the global energy landscape. On the basis of the geopolitics of energy, this study combines multistage dynamic and two-level game theory, selecting the Ukraine crisis as a triggering historical event of geopolitical energy conflicts between Russia and Europe and dividing their conflicts into four parts: the precrisis, crisis-tensioning, crisis-worsening, and postcrisis periods. It also decomposes the cooperation game of Russian-European natural gas pipeline projects into a game between the European Union (EU) and Russia, and a game between the EU and its member states. By using game theory, it analyzes why and how the planning of some natural gas pipeline projects (e.g., South Stream, Turkish Stream, Nord Stream 2, etc.) has been changed under the influence of energy geopolitics. In the end, several suggestions are given for Sino-Russian natural gas trade and cooperation.

Shuai, Y. and Zhou, Z., 2019. GDP analysis and comparison in coastal cities based on time series analysis. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 402–406. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is an index to measure the comprehensive strength of a region. It is one of the most important economic indicators, which makes it worthy of further studies and research. As economic development areas and the only places in mainland China that have a stock exchange, the economic growth of the coastal cities Shenzhen and Shanghai is experiencing many opportunities and challenges. Because Shanghai and Shenzhen have the only two stock exchanges in mainland China, the economic behavior in those cities could somehow represent the economic behavior of China. The comparison and analysis of GDP data in Shenzhen and Shanghai is meaningful. GDP data from 1979 to 2018 in the two cities was collected from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. According to the Granger causality test, the GDP data of two cities cannot provide statistically significant information for each other. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)(2,2,3) model was constructed for the GDP data of Shenzhen and ARIMA(1,2,3) for the GDP data of Shanghai. The logarithm of the GDP data series becomes stationary. The model fits the GDP data series well, and the predicted GDP growth of Shenzhen is slightly greater than for Shanghai.

Lu, W.; Li, Z., and Zhang, H., 2019. Total quality management and evaluation: a study of the coastal highway system. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 407–413. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Investment in coastal highway construction not only promotes the development of the transportation industry in China's coastal areas but also affects the economic and social development of China. With the continuous increase of coastal highway projects, the mileage of highways has been increasing, and the task of total quality management has become increasingly arduous. How to objectively evaluate the total quality management level and solve various problems existing in the current evaluation work has become an urgent problem for the financial investment management department. The research in this paper builds a total quality management evaluation system and decision-making model and a total quality management platform for coastal highway projects. The research in this paper has innovated and perfected the methods of evaluation decision making, has improved the efficiency of evaluation decision making and realized the efficient use of quality management funds, and has promoted the process of quality management work of coastal highway projects to be scientific and standardized.

Zhu, W.; Gao, C.; Zhang, X., and Li, D., 2019. Multimodal transport cost model bases on dynamic alliances. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 414–417. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the cost calculation process during research of multimodal transport cost model bases on a virtual transport network, a variety of influencing factors in a dynamic alliance should be considered. The optimization model on the basis of minimum cost and minimum time can be constructed and combined with the effect of the multimodal transport costs of a dynamic alliance into the fuzzy cost model. On this basis, this study made a comprehensive analysis of multimodal transport costs. According to the costs, multimodal transport operators can choose and form a dynamic alliance.

Chen, L., 2019. Evaluation and analysis on the financing risks of transoceanic international trade based on the fuzzy optimum model. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 418–421. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Accelerating the construction of transoceanic international trade (TIT) is of great significance to improving people's livelihood and promoting social harmony and stability. At present, there are mainly three types of TIT financing modes in China, namely, build-operate-transfer (BOT), private finance initiative (PFI), and public–private partnership (PPP). This analysis with the fuzzy optimum decision-making model finds that the PPP mode is the most suitable financing mode for TIT projects in Beijing. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based gray relational analysis method to evaluate the risks of the TIT PPP projects. The major risks that were found in the PPP project in Beijing are: design and construction risks, operation and maintenance risks, and market risks. The risks of major sectors involved are as follows: the private sector bears the greatest risk, followed by the government sector, and banking institutions and insurance companies take the smallest risk.

Qin, J. and Wang, L., 2019. Optimization design of an offshore backfilling plough fenders structure based on the theory of vortex formation. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 422–425. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

An offshore backfilling plough is used for backfill by laying pipelines in seabed trenches. Fenders are one of the primarily components of an offshore backfilling plough. Under constant working performance conditions, reducing its working resistance can effectively save materials and improve its safety factor. By using an offshore working environment, the mechanical structure can be improved reasonably, and the working resistance can be reduced effectively. With reference to the theory of vortex formation, the mechanical structure of the fender is optimized by cutting holes in the fender. The previous engineering application and design analysis shows that the simulation results have certain trends guiding values for the actual data. In this work, with the help of modern and mature simulation software, the working resistance of the fender is estimated and verified. Comparing the analysis results of different models shows that the best scheme is the five perforation fender. A new mechanical structure of the fender is produced by this improved design.

Jin, J.; Zhao, R.; Yang, Y., and Chuan, M. 2019. Endogenous study on economic development, environmental investment, and green development based on the panel data analysis of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 426–432. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

Chinese President Xi pointed out that the green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a national development strategy promoting the coordinated development of the economy and green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the building of the national green development demonstration zone as the only way to break the environmental bottleneck of economic development. This study selects 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt between 2006 and 2017 and makes an empirical study on the relationship among green development, environmental investment, and green development by using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The results of this study found that investment in environmental governance has no significant effect on economic development and green development; that in the past, the provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt had an unsustainable behavior of exchanging the environment for economic development; and that economic development can significantly promote green development. According to the empirical results and conclusions, this study puts forward the following suggestions to improve the level of green development and sustainable and healthy economic development: establish and improve the mechanism of environmental protection investment, optimize the structure of environmental protection investment, and gradually increase the intensity of environmental protection; actively introduce social capital into the field of environmental protection; and continue to optimize the industrial structure and increase the proportion of green industries.

Xie, B., 2019. Asymmetry of exchange rate pass-through in China's coastal regions. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 433–437. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

In the article, the asymmetry of the renminbi (RMB) exchange rate pass-through on the price level in China's coastal areas was investigated. The results showed that the extent of RMB exchange rate pass-through is incomplete. Concerning the asymmetry of the exchange rate pass-through under conditions of RMB appreciation and depreciation alone or the combination with different fluctuation scopes in exchange rate, it was concluded that, when RMB depreciated, the exchange rate pass-through effect was greater by comparison with RMB appreciation. At the same time, the extent of the exchange rate pass-through was more significant as the exchange rate changed sharply; otherwise, no transfer effect was generated.

Wang, L. and Ye, L., 2019. Impact of labor relations atmosphere on work input: An empirical study of coastal cities of China. In: Li, L.; Wan, X.; and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 438–442. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

This study explores the consistency of coastal labor relations win-win atmosphere and opposition atmosphere from the perspective of resource exchange. Using bootstrapping and response surface analysis and through a multisource questionnaire survey of 511 skilled workers in 16 coastal cities in China, the following was found: compared with consistent “low opposition–low win-win situation” labor relations atmosphere, “high opposition–high win-win” labor relations atmosphere can promote the work input of employees; Compared with the inconsistency between “high opposition–low win-win” labor relations atmosphere, the inconsistency between “low opposition–high win-win” labor relations atmosphere can more promote employee work engagement. Overall, in the four matching situations, the low opposition–high win-win inconsistency can increase the employees’ work input; the emotional commitment plays a partial intermediary role in the consistency of labor relations atmosphere and work input. The research results reveal the matching effect of the consistency of labor relations atmosphere on the work input, and the link of the role of emotional commitment in the above mechanism.