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27 April 2017 Evaluation of Natural Additives to Enhance the Persistence of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) Under Field Conditions in Saudi Arabia
Koko Dwi Sutanto, Said El Salamouny, Muhammad Tufail, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool, Sukirno Sukirno, Merle Shepard, Martin Shapiro, Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
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Abstract

Nucleopolyhedrovirus is an effective biocontrol agent but for its biggest disadvantage of short persistence under sunlight conditions. In this study, 10 plant extracts were evaluated as ultraviolet (UV) protectants to improve the persistence of Spodoptera littoralis multiple-embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) against cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval). In the primary lab screening test, 5 out of 10 additives (cloves, henna, green tea, pomegranate, and grape extracts) presented a high rate of virus protection with original activity remaining (OAR) percentage of 100%, 97%, 91%, 90.6%, and 77%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 1% and exposed to UVB for a period of 1 h. A secondary screening was then performed with these best five extracts at a concentration of 0.5% and for an exposure timing of 5 h to UVB. Among these, clove and henna that showed highest protection with OAR values of 96.6% and 76.5%, respectively, were selected for the field trials. When applied on cabbage in the field during sunny summer conditions, clove and henna extracts enhanced the persistence of SpliMNPV by twofold. These findings are encouraging to be applied in the field studies.

© The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com
Koko Dwi Sutanto, Said El Salamouny, Muhammad Tufail, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool, Sukirno Sukirno, Merle Shepard, Martin Shapiro, and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood "Evaluation of Natural Additives to Enhance the Persistence of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) Under Field Conditions in Saudi Arabia," Journal of Economic Entomology 110(3), 924-930, (27 April 2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox085
Received: 3 October 2016; Accepted: 20 February 2017; Published: 27 April 2017
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KEYWORDS
biological control
Noctuidae
plant extract
SpliMNPV
Spodoptera littoralis
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