Bradysia odoriphaga is frequently subjected to heat shock during the summer in China. Although the effects of heat shock on insect ecology and physiology have been widely explored, the effects of heat shock on the life history parameters of Bradysia odoriphaga are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of heat shock on B. odoriphaga survival and reproduction as well as on offspring development and sex ratio. We exposed adult B. odoriphaga to 31, 33, 35, or 37 °C for different durations (from 0 to 120 min). The results showed that the survival of both sexes declined with the increase in temperature and exposure time, especially at 33, 35, and 37 °C. Longevity was markedly greater for males than females across all treatments. Fecundity generally declined as temperature and exposure time increased, and no eggs hatched when females were exposed to 37 °C for >75 min. The development of offspring larvae was significantly delayed when the parent female and male had been exposed to ≥31 °C for ≥30 min. In addition, the sex ratio of F1 progeny derived from heat-shocked parental adults was increasingly skewed to female as exposure time and temperature treatment increased. Overall, the results indicate that heat shock negatively influences B. odoriphaga.