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11 April 2019 Control of Three Species of Stored-Product Insects in Wheat Treated With Steam and Hot Air
Darsana Divagar, Fuji Jian, Stefan Cenkowski
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Abstract

The effect of 105°C steam or hot air on adult mortality of three species of stored-product insect pests outside wheat kernels of 12.5, 14.5 and 16.5% moisture content was investigated. The species were Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In the case of S. oryzae, young adults and immature stages inside wheat kernels were also tested. The mortality of insects inside kernels was higher at lower moisture contents of wheat treated with hot air, whereas moisture content did not significantly affect mortality of insects treated with steam. In the hot air treatment, all adults of the three species outside kernels had 100% mortality when the treatment time was 75 s for wheat with 16.5% moisture content, and 60 s for 12.5 and 14.5% wheat. In the steam treatment, the time to reach 100% mortality of adults outside kernels was 1 s at any moisture content and without significantly affecting germination. The young adults and immature stages of S. oryzae inside kernels required 90 s to reach 100% mortality in hot air, whereas 3 s was needed in steam. The treatment to reach 100% mortality of insects inside kernels caused a 20% drop in germination in steam and 81% drop in hot air.

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Darsana Divagar, Fuji Jian, and Stefan Cenkowski "Control of Three Species of Stored-Product Insects in Wheat Treated With Steam and Hot Air," Journal of Economic Entomology 112(4), 1964-1974, (11 April 2019). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz080
Received: 8 January 2018; Accepted: 15 March 2019; Published: 11 April 2019
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KEYWORDS
hot air
insect pest
mortality
steam
stored wheat
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