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28 July 2020 Developing an Ephestia kuehniella Hemocyte Cell Line to Assess the Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Microencapsulated Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Cotton Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larva
Bita Valizadeh, Samira Samarfard, Jalal Jalali Sendi, Thomas P. Karbanowicz
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Abstract

Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) (genus: Alphabaculovirus, incertae sedis: Baculoviridae) has been used to control Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). A reproducible and susceptible cell line was prepared from the hemocytes of Ephestia kuehniella in Grace and Ex-Cell 420 media. The population doubling time of these cloned cell cultures during the logarithmic phase were about 2.3 and 3.7 d for Ex-Cell 420 and Grace's media, respectively. When 60% confluence occurred, cells were infected by viral inoculums. All biochemical compounds were significantly changed relevant to cellular metabolism due to HearNPV infection. In order to improve its stability, two polymer formulations were used, i.e., formulation A (sodium alginate, gelatin, starch, and molasses) and formulation B (cottonseed kernel extract, Bran, glycerol, boric acid, egg white, and sugar). Formulant A provided high photostability by exhibiting 83.2 ± 3% efficacy and 88.66 ± 2.1% original activities remaining after 72 h UV exposure. Percentage original activity remaining of unformulated HearNPV and formulated mixture of B was 38.66 ± 2.6% and 9.33 ± 1.3%, respectively, after 72 h UV-irradiation. The virulence of the HearNPV proliferated from the Ex-Cell medium was similar to the virulence of wild-type HearNPV with LC50 of 7.7×105 OBs/ml. Formulant A, revealed only 20.0 ± 1% reduction in efficacy while the unformulated virus and formulant B faced a reduction of 90.0 ± 3% and 64.0 ± 2% after 72 h of UVA irradiation. Formulant A thus showed a high potential to protect HearNPVs microparticles against UV-inactivation suggesting a new platform for more efficient biological-management of cotton bollworm (specific name Helicoverpa armigera, genus: Helicoverpa, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in vivo.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Bita Valizadeh, Samira Samarfard, Jalal Jalali Sendi, and Thomas P. Karbanowicz "Developing an Ephestia kuehniella Hemocyte Cell Line to Assess the Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Microencapsulated Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Cotton Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larva," Journal of Economic Entomology 113(5), 2086-2095, (28 July 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa148
Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 15 June 2020; Published: 28 July 2020
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KEYWORDS
baculovirus
biochemical changes
formulation
Hemocyte cell line
microencapsulation
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