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14 July 2021 Parasitoid Communities in the Variable Agricultural Environments of Blueberry Production in the Southeastern United States
Jason M. Schmidt, Tyler S. Whitehouse, Subin Neupane, Sarah Miranda Rezende, Ashfaq Sial, Tara D. Gariepy
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Abstract

In blueberry crops, there are multiple pest species, and some of those can be suppressed by natural enemies including parasitoid wasps and predators. Parasitoid wasps occur within the environment often tracking pest species for food resources to complete their lifecycle.These small wasps are also sensitive to agricultural environments including agrichemicals, habitat availability, and climate. We investigated how the structure of parasitoid communities varied between organic and conventional blueberry systems, and how the communities of these parasitoids varied within field spatial scales (forested border vs edge vs interior). With the lower intensity of agricultural interventions occurring in organic systems and forested borders, we predicted more stable parasitoid numbers that would be insulated from predicted climate variability. In our study, parasitoids were observed in low abundance in each cropping system, with community structure dependent on both management practice and field position. Unmanaged blueberry fields and forested field borders contained more parasitoid families, and in conventional systems, we saw fewer families present in the field interior as compared to field borders. In this first study to characterize Southern parasitoid communities in blueberry production systems, we observed over 50 genera of parasitoids, with a few dominant families (Braconidae and Ichneumonidae) that would contribute to biological control in blueberry systems. Overall, we captured few parasitoids, which indicates a potential vulnerability in biological control, and the need for further research using other sampling techniques to better understand these parasitoid communities.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Jason M. Schmidt, Tyler S. Whitehouse, Subin Neupane, Sarah Miranda Rezende, Ashfaq Sial, and Tara D. Gariepy "Parasitoid Communities in the Variable Agricultural Environments of Blueberry Production in the Southeastern United States," Journal of Economic Entomology 114(4), 1480-1488, (14 July 2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab134
Received: 8 March 2021; Accepted: 12 May 2021; Published: 14 July 2021
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KEYWORDS
biodiversity
habitat
infield
landscape
non-crop
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