We describe 14 nest predation events witnessed in the Republic of Panama during studies of avian nesting success. Eight predations were by birds, including two species of toucan and one forest-falcon. Four predations were by two species of snake, one was by monkeys, and one near-predation was by army ants (Eciton burchelli). In three cases, a fraction of the nest contents were removed by the predator on one visit before it returned later to consume the remaining items. Our observations, although limited to diurnal encounters, indicate that Neotropical birds are susceptible to a diverse array of potential predators. Detailed investigations using cameras are needed to quantify the potential importance of each predator species and to identify the occurrence and importance of nocturnal predation.