Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), also known as shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus or Cherax quadricarinatus iridovirus, has received extensive attention in recent years due to its highly contagious and lethal properties in crustaceans. In 2019, the Executive Committee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses approved DIV1 as a new species of the new genus Decapodiridovirus in the family Iridoviridae. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of DIV1, this review summarizes recent advances in DIV1 research, including classification, detection techniques, clinical symptoms, infection mechanisms, and host immune responses. A deeper understanding of the interaction between DIV1 and the host has potentially important implications for developing effective antiDIV1 strategies.