Aquatic insects were collected on the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP), in Sandoval County, New Mexico in 2003 and 2004. We surveyed running water and standing water habitats for Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera. In general, species were typical southern Rocky Mountain and southwestern fauna. A total of 130 species was collected, representing 46 families and 90 genera; 14 of these species were new state records. Trichoptera was the most diverse order and seven species represented new state records, including Agraylea multipuctata Curtis, Hydroptila xera Ross, Ochrotrichia logana (Ross), Psychoglypha subborealis (Banks), Polycentropus gertschi Denning, and new species of Neotrichia Morton and Helicopsyche von Siebold. Collections of the mayfly species Cinygmula ramaleyi (Dodds) and Paraleptophlebia temporalis (McDunnough) represented new state records. The aquatic beetles Haliplus immaculicollis Harris, H. leechi Wallis, and Ametor scabrosus Horn and the hemipterans Callicorixa audeni Hungerford and Gerris gillettei Lethierry and Severin, also represented new state records. Small creeks fed by spring runs were the most diverse aquatic systems on the VCNP.