Antler anomalies were evident in tule elk (Cervus elaphus nannodes) within 1 yr of reintroduction to Point Reyes, California (USA). These anomalies are consistent with previously described mineral deficiency-induced anomalies in cervids. The elk were judged deficient in copper. Low levels of copper in soils and vegetation at the release site, exacerbated by possible protein deficiency due to poor range conditions, are postulated as likely causes of the antler anomalies.
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1 October 1988
ANTLER ANOMALIES IN TULE ELK
Peter J. P. Gogan,
David A. Jessup,
Reginald H. Barrett
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Vol. 24 • No. 4
October 1988
Vol. 24 • No. 4
October 1988
antler anomalies
Cervus elaphus nannodes
copper
field study
mineral deficiency
tule elk