Ten free-living superb lyrebirds (Menura novaehollandiae) from forest habitat in southern Victoria, Australia were examined at necropsy over a 10 yr period. The acantho-cephalan Plagiorhynchus menurae was identified in two lyrebirds from forest habitat in southern Victoria, Australia. There was necrotic enteritis in the duodenum associated with the acanthocephalans, with secondary bacterial involvement. The lesions probably resulted in the observed emaciation and debilitation of the birds. Probably the forest-floor habitat and insect diet of lyrebirds exposes them to these infections.