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1 July 2003 A FORTY-THREE YEAR MUSEUM STUDY OF NORTHERN CRICKET FROG (ACRIS CREPITANS) ABNORMALITIES IN ARKANSAS: UPWARD TRENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Malcolm L. McCallum, Stanley E. Trauth
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Abstract

The northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) is a resident of streams, rivers, and wet-lands of eastern North America. We documented abnormalities in A. crepitans housed in the Arkansas State University Museum of Zoology Herpetology Collection. Abnormality frequency increased from 1957 to 2000 (χ2=43.76, df=3, P<0.001). From 1957 through 1979 only 3.33% of specimens were unusual. This rate was 6.87% during the 1990s, and in 2000 it was 8.48%. High frequencies of abnormalities were identified in the following Ozark highland counties: Sharp, Lawrence, and Randolph. We observed 104 abnormalities among 1,464 frogs (7.10%). The differential abnormality frequencies observed between the Arkansas lowlands and highlands are striking. The Ozarks had significantly higher frequencies of abnormalities than other Arkansas regions (χ2=59.76, df=4, P<0.001). The Ouachita Mountains had significantly higher frequencies than the Gulf Coastal Plain, Delta, or Arkansas River Valley (χ2=13.172, df=3, P<0.01). There was no difference in abnormality frequency between the Gulf Coastal Plain, Delta, and Arkansas River Valley (χ2=0.422, df=2, P>0.70). Proposed hypotheses for distributions include: 1) A. crepitans might possess naturally high abnormality levels, and land use practices of the Delta may reduce this variability; 2) an unknown xenobiotic may be in Ozark streams causing increased numbers of abnormalities; 3) the museum's collection effort may be skewed; 4) Delta habitat might be more favorable for green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) allowing this species to drive out A. crepitans through competition; here, abnormal metamorphs are not detected because they are even less competitive than normal individuals.

Malcolm L. McCallum and Stanley E. Trauth "A FORTY-THREE YEAR MUSEUM STUDY OF NORTHERN CRICKET FROG (ACRIS CREPITANS) ABNORMALITIES IN ARKANSAS: UPWARD TRENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS," Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(3), 522-528, (1 July 2003). https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-39.3.522
Received: 23 December 2001; Published: 1 July 2003
KEYWORDS
abnormalities
Acris crepitans
Arkansas
Cricket frog
deformities
malformations
teratogen
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