We characterized past avian cholera outbreaks in waterbirds at Hayward Marsh, California, US. In 2013, we surveyed populations and determined the presence of disease using several diagnostic methods, including behavioral and physical observations, field necropsy, and bacterial culture. We compiled this information with data from previous outbreaks from 1990–2012 to compare waterbird abundance to various measures of mortality, including percentage of mortality and percentage of difference between abundance and mortality by species. We suggest that Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) have consistently suffered greater mortality from this disease than have other species at this site.
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1 July 2016
Waterbird Susceptibility to Avian Cholera at Hayward Marsh, California, USA
Amy K. Wray,
Douglas A. Bell,
Peter Dramer,
Mark Taylor
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Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Vol. 52 • No. 3
July 2016
Vol. 52 • No. 3
July 2016
avian cholera
Hayward Marsh
Oxyura jamaicensis
Pasteurella multocida
susceptibility
waterbird