We immobilized elk with either isoflurane to produce general anesthesia (control), 0.01 mg/kg carfentanil plus 0.1 mg/kg xylazine, or 0.25 mg/kg butorphanol plus 0.4 mg/kg azaperone plus 0.15 mg/kg medetomidine (BAM) and measured the bispectral index (BIS). The carfentanil-xylazine BIS (70.4 ± 1.4) and the BAM BIS (60.2 ± 1.5) were higher than the control BIS (47.2 ± 4.1; P ≤ 0.001). These data indicate that opioids produce neuroleptanalgesia and not general anesthesia or sedation, which explains observed elk responses to these drugs.
How to translate text using browser tools
1 May 2010
Bispectral Index Analysis of Opioid Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk
Terry J. Kreeger,
Khursheed Mama,
Matthew Huizenga,
Cole Hansen,
Cynthia Tate
ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE
It is not available for individual sale.
This article is only available to subscribers.
It is not available for individual sale.
It is not available for individual sale.
Journal of Wildlife Management
Vol. 74 • No. 4
May 2010
Vol. 74 • No. 4
May 2010
Anesthesia
azaperone
bispectral index
butorphanol
carfentanil
Cervus elaphus
isoflurane